# Paleo-pCO2 Database ODP999 1.2 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23550 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/boron_isotopes_chalk_2017.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-03-09 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database ODP999 1.2 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Chalk, T.B.; Hain, M.P.; Foster, G.L.; Rohling, E.J.; Sexton, P.F.; Badger, M.P.S.; Cherry, S.G.; Hasenfratz, A.P.; Haug, G.H.; Jaccard, S.L.; Martínez-García, A.; Pälike, H.; Pancost, R.D.; Wilson, P.A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from boron isotope measurements on marine sediment core ODP999A for the past 1.2 million years, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated 5/31/2018 to include the dataset from Foster 2008, as this represents the most up-to-date recalculation of that data. Some minor typos also corrected. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thomas B. Chalk, Mathis P. Hain, Gavin L. Foster, Eelco J. Rohling, Philip F. Sexton, Marcus P.S. Badger, Soraya G. Cherry, Adam P. Hasenfratz, Gerald H. Haug, Samuel L. Jaccard, Alfredo Martínez-García, Heiko Pälike, Richard D. Pancost and Paul A. Wilson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-12-12 # Published_Title: Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: 114 # Edition: # Issue: 50 # Pages: 13114-13119 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 # Online_Resource: http://www.pnas.org/content/114/50/13114 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1,200-800 kya), Earth's orbitally paced ice age cycles intensified, lengthened from ~40,000 (~40 ky) to ~100 ky, and became distinctly asymmetrical. Testing hypotheses that implicate changing atmospheric CO2 levels as a driver of the MPT has proven difficult with available observations. Here, we use orbitally resolved, boron isotope CO2 data to show that the glacial to interglacial CO2 difference increased from ~43 to ~75 uatm across the MPT, mainly because of lower glacial CO2 levels. Through carbon cycle modeling, we attribute this decline primarily to the initiation of substantive dust-borne iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean during peak glacial stages. We also observe a twofold steepening of the relationship between sea level and CO2-related climate forcing that is suggestive of a change in the dynamics that govern ice sheet stability, such as that expected from the removal of subglacial regolith or interhemispheric ice sheet phase-locking. We argue that neither ice sheet dynamics nor CO2 change in isolation can explain the MPT. Instead, we infer that the MPT was initiated by a change in ice sheet dynamics and that longer and deeper post-MPT ice ages were sustained by carbon cycle feedbacks related to dust fertilization of the Southern Ocean as a consequence of larger ice sheets. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP999A # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 12.74 # Southernmost_Latitude: 12.74 # Easternmost_Longitude: -78.74 # Westernmost_Longitude: -78.74 # Elevation: -2839 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Chalk2017ODP999boron # Earliest_Year: 1243250 # Most_Recent_Year: 111320 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # Basic Info REFERENCE AND CONTACT INFORMATION SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AGE CONSTRAINTS ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS VITAL EFFECT CALCULATED d11Bborate ACCESSORY INPUTS METHOD OF TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION SEAWATER COMPOSITION AQUEOUS BORON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION PARAMETERIZATION OF CO2 CALCULATION SECOND PARAMETER OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM CALCULATED PARAMETERS OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM alternative Age (in case different models are available) d11B (relative to SRM 951) d11Bc/d11Bborate calibration slope d11Bc/d11Bborate calibration intercept pressure (i.e. depth of foraminifer habitat) Temperature Mg/Ca e.g., Alkenone UK'37, TEX 86 Salinity [Ca] of seawater at S=35 [Mg] of seawater at S=35 [SO4] of seawater at S=35 [B]T of seawater at S=35 d11Bsw pKB aB3-B4 if applicable proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty_neg_ppm Name of individual entering the data Contact email Reference of the data product DOI link to reference Site (DSDP/ODP/IODP or other site number) Hole Core Section top cm bottom cm core depth below seafloor (meters, specify CSF-A or CSF-B where applicable, original IODP record)a core composite depth below seafloor (meters, CCSF)a reference for composite depth Location (e.g., Atlantic, Carribbean, South China Sea etc.) Modern Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Modern Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Paleo Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Paleo Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Modern elevation (m), below sea level negative Paleo elevation (m), below sea level negative reference and Method to determine Paleo position notes about any flags in the studied core section Age (ka) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Age uncertainty pos (ka) 2s Age uncertainty neg (ka) Age Scale (GTS 20XX) age method (nannofossil biostratigraphy, radiolaria, magnetic polarity, radiometric etc.) reference to age model, if different from primary reference of data set Age (ka) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Age uncertainty pos (ka) 2s Age uncertainty neg (ka) Age Scale (GTS 20XX) age method (nannofossil biostratigraphy, radiolaria, magnetic polarity, radiometric etc.) reference to age model, if different from primary reference of data set foraminifer species analyzed foraminifer size class (µm) number of foraminifera shells per sample total sample weight (mg) Reference for sample cleaning procedure Boron separation method (e.g., column chemistry, microsublimation) analytical Method (e.g., MC-ICP-MS, P-TIMS, N-TIMS etc) d11B of individual replicate measurements of the same solution; separate by commas N number of replicates 2se of replicates d11B (‰, average of replicates) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, specify whether uncertainty is presented as standard deviation or standard error) 2s uncertainty (report internal or external reproducibility, whichever is larger) slope value type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty intercept value type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty Reference for calibration slope Notes (e.g., shell size and/or d11Bsw corrected?) d11Bborate (‰) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty notes about uncertainty estimate: e.g., included calibration slope and intercept Error propagation method depth habitat (m) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty temperature (°C) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s temperature pos (°C) 2s temperature neg (°C) Mg/Ca of individual replicate measurements; separate replicates by commas Mg/Ca (mmol/mol, average of replicates) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Mg uncertainty pos (mmol/mol) 2s Mg/Ca uncertainty neg (mmol/mol) temperature calibration equation reference for temperature calibration equation Mg/Casw correction Mg/Casw correction reference salinity correction (list reference if applied) dissolution correction (list reference if applied) pH correction (list reference if applied) proxy value of individual replicate measurements; separate replicates by commas average proxy value (please specify units) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty (if +/- range is used, it should be separated with a comma, e.g. i,ii, for +i, -ii) temperature calibration equation reference for temperature calibration equation used same sample material as for d11B analyses? If not, provide details Salinity (unit-less) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty method of salinity estimation (list reference if applicable) [Ca] (mmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [Ca] of seawater value [Mg] (mmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [Mg] of seawater value [SO4] (mmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [SO4] of seawater value [B]T (µmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [B]T value d11Bsw (‰) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for d11Bsw reference for pKB and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pressure effect on pKB value for aB3-B4 type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for aB3-B4 equation for temperature correction of aB3-B4 (if applied) reference for temperature correction of aB3-B4 (if applied) CO2 calculation program and version, e.g. CO2SYS, seacarb, other (please specify) reference for pK0 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pK1 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pK2 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pKHSO4 reference for pKspcalcite and pKsparagonite and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pressure effect on pKspcalcite and pKsparagonite Parameter used (e.g., alkalinity, DIC, [CO32-] Method for deriving 2nd parameter (e.g., CCD, W, LOSCAR, GENIE, code can be submitted as supplement) Reference for second parameter (if not primary reference of data set) central value (µmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty pos (µmol/kg) 2s uncertainty neg (µmol/kg) Wcalcite (if used as a constraint) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty pos 2s uncertainty neg pH modern reference pH scale (e.g., total scale, seawater scale) 2s uncertainty pos 2s uncertainty neg Aqueous pCO2 (µatm) Air-sea pCO2 disequilibrium (µatm) Notes about air-sea disequilibrium: what is the estimate based on; are there assumptions on seasonality? bAtmospheric pCO2 (i.e. after correction for any modern air-sea disequilibrium, µatm) 2s pCO2 uncertainty pos 2s pCO2 uncertainty neg Error propagation method (code can be provided in supplement) parameters included in the error propagation (e.g., calibration uncertainty, d11Bsw, T, S, second parameter of the carbonate system) cAlkalinity (µmol/kg, if not used as an input parameter) 2s alkalinity uncertainty pos 2s alkalinity uncertainty neg DIC (µmol/kg, if not used as an input parameter 2s DIC uncertainty pos 2s DIC uncertainty neg Wcalcite, if not used as an input parameter 2s uncertainty Wcalcite pos 2s uncertainty Wcalcite neg Waragonite, if not used as an input parameter 2s uncertainty Waragonite pos 2s uncertainty Waragonite neg boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 3.9 2 2 276 46 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 4 5 0.045 0.045 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 3.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.67 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.67 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.14 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2330 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.141 total scale NA NA 297 21 annual average 276 46 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 4.6 2 2 264 41 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 11 13 0.11 0.11 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 4.6 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.79 external, standard deviation 0.12 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.87 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.16 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2331 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.154 total scale NA NA 285 21 annual average 264 41 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 5.0 2 2 284 47 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 14.5 16.5 0.145 0.145 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 5.0 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.59 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.53 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.06 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2332 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.132 total scale NA NA 305 21 annual average 284 47 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 7.8 2 2 258 45 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 31 33 0.31 0.31 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 7.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.82 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.92 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.06 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2333 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.161 total scale NA NA 279 21 annual average 258 45 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 7.8 2 2 270 50 44 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 31 33 0.31 0.31 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 7.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.72 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.75 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.25 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2334 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.148 total scale NA NA 291 21 annual average 270 50 44 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 9.5 2 2 268 46 41 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 39 41 0.39 0.39 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 9.5 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.68 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.68 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.23 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2335 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.152 total scale NA NA 289 21 annual average 268 46 41 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 10.3 2 2 240 48 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 43 45 0.43 0.43 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 10.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.93 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.10 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.97 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2336 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.185 total scale NA NA 261 21 annual average 240 48 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 11.7 2 2 258 47 41 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 48 50 0.48 0.48 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 11.7 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.72 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.75 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.15 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2337 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.164 total scale NA NA 279 21 annual average 258 47 41 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 14.0 2 2 234 42 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 57 59 0.57 0.57 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 14.0 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.98 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.18 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.16 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2338 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.193 total scale NA NA 255 21 annual average 234 42 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 15.1 2 2 230 41 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 61 63 0.61 0.61 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 15.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.02 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.25 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.15 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2339 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.199 total scale NA NA 251 21 annual average 230 41 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 15.1 2 2 218 41 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 61 63 0.61 0.61 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 15.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.15 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.47 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.89 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2340 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.215 total scale NA NA 239 21 annual average 218 41 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 17.3 2 2 222 38 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 71 73 0.71 0.71 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 17.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.04 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.28 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.85 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2341 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.211 total scale NA NA 243 21 annual average 222 38 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 19.2 2 2 161 33 31 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 82 84 0.82 0.82 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 19.2 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.75 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 21.47 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.67 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2342 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.305 total scale NA NA 182 21 annual average 161 33 31 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 21.1 2 2 199 34 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 93 95 0.93 0.93 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 21.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.23 external, standard deviation 0.14 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.60 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.72 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2343 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.245 total scale NA NA 220 21 annual average 199 34 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 22.6 2 2 202 36 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 102 104 1.02 1.02 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 22.6 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.26 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.65 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.81 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2344 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.240 total scale NA NA 223 21 annual average 202 36 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 24.4 2 2 180 33 30 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 113 115 1.13 1.13 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 24.4 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.51 external, standard deviation 0.14 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 21.07 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.82 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2345 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.274 total scale NA NA 201 21 annual average 180 33 30 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 25.5 2 2 171 37 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 120 122 1.2 1.2 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 25.5 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.62 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 21.25 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.71 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2346 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.289 total scale NA NA 192 21 annual average 171 37 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 25.5 2 2 166 32 29 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 1 120 122 1.2 1.2 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 25.5 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.69 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 21.37 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.54 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2347 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.297 total scale NA NA 187 21 annual average 166 32 29 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 35.8 2 2 213 38 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 2 20 22 1.72 1.72 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 35.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.12 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.42 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.37 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2348 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.224 total scale NA NA 234 21 annual average 213 38 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 46.6 2 2 208 37 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 2 61 63 2.13 2.13 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 46.6 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.16 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.48 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.35 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.10 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2349 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.231 total scale NA NA 229 21 annual average 208 37 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 52.1 2 2 198 38 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 2 82 84 2.34 2.34 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 52.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.29 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.70 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.51 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2350 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.245 total scale NA NA 219 21 annual average 198 38 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 61.3 2 2 198 44 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 2 119 121 2.71 2.71 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 61.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.31 external, standard deviation 0.28 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.73 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.23 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2351 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.244 total scale NA NA 219 21 annual average 198 44 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 77.3 2 2 237 45 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 3 29 31 3.31 3.31 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 77.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.89 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.03 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.35 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2352 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.190 total scale NA NA 258 21 annual average 237 45 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 84.3 2 2 238 49 43 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 3 54 56 3.56 3.56 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 84.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.88 external, standard deviation 0.26 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.02 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.54 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2353 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.189 total scale NA NA 259 21 annual average 238 49 43 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 89.1 2 2 264 48 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 3 71 73 3.73 3.73 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 89.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.68 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.68 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.46 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2354 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.156 total scale NA NA 285 21 annual average 264 48 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 100.4 2 2 275 53 47 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 3 111 113 4.13 4.13 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 100.4 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.58 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.52 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.50 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2355 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.145 total scale NA NA 296 21 annual average 275 53 47 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 106.1 2 2 252 48 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 3 132 134 4.335 4.335 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 106.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.76 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.82 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.33 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2356 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.172 total scale NA NA 273 21 annual average 252 48 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 111.3 2 2 283 43 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 1 3 4.51 4.51 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 111.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.38 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.18 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.65 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2357 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.138 total scale NA NA 304 21 annual average 283 43 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 116.8 2 2 312 69 58 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 22 24 4.74 4.74 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 116.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.26 external, standard deviation 0.30 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.98 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.41 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2358 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.104 total scale NA NA 333 21 annual average 312 69 58 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 118.8 2 2 329 74 60 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 30 32 4.82 4.82 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 118.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.18 external, standard deviation 0.30 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.85 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.70 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2359 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.086 total scale NA NA 350 21 annual average 329 74 60 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 119.1 2 2 304 47 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 32 34 4.82 4.82 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 119.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.31 external, standard deviation 0.27 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.06 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.10 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2360 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.113 total scale NA NA 325 21 annual average 304 47 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 121.8 2 2 341 59 53 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 42 44 4.94 4.94 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 121.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.12 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.75 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.59 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2361 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.075 total scale NA NA 362 21 annual average 341 59 53 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 123.8 2 2 284 42 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 51 53 5.01 5.01 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 123.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.55 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.47 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.59 normal distributions 0.18 0.18 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2362 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.133 total scale NA NA 305 21 annual average 284 42 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 124.4 2 2 267 48 43 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 52 54 5.04 5.04 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 124.4 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.75 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.80 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.47 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2363 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.151 total scale NA NA 288 21 annual average 267 48 43 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 127.5 2 2 273 41 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 62 64 5.12 5.12 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 127.5 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.67 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.67 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.78 normal distributions 0.19 0.19 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2364 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.144 total scale NA NA 294 21 annual average 273 41 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 130.9 2 2 282 63 51 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 71 73 5.23 5.23 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 130.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.67 external, standard deviation 0.30 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.67 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 29.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.42 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2365 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.132 total scale NA NA 303 21 annual average 282 63 51 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 131.9 2 2 247 38 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 76 78 5.26 5.26 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 131.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.88 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.02 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.67 normal distributions 0.19 0.19 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2366 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.176 total scale NA NA 268 21 annual average 247 38 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 133.2 2 2 235 37 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 81 83 5.31 5.31 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 133.2 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.92 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.09 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.27 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2367 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.192 total scale NA NA 256 21 annual average 235 37 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 134.0 2 2 207 35 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 84 86 5.34 5.34 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 134.0 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.24 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.61 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.34 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2368 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.231 total scale NA NA 228 21 annual average 207 35 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 135.6 2 2 207 34 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 90 92 5.4 5.4 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 135.6 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.18 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.51 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.03 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2369 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.233 total scale NA NA 228 21 annual average 207 34 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 139.0 2 2 206 34 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 103 105 5.53 5.53 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 139.0 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.19 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.53 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.04 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2370 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.234 total scale NA NA 227 21 annual average 206 34 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 146.7 2 2 214 35 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 132 134 5.82 5.82 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 146.7 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.11 external, standard deviation 0.23 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.41 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.11 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.11 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2371 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.222 total scale NA NA 235 21 annual average 214 35 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 150.0 2 2 206 34 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 4 142 144 5.92 5.92 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 150.0 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.22 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.58 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.19 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2372 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.233 total scale NA NA 227 21 annual average 206 34 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 169.8 2 2 206 34 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 5 51 53 6.51 6.51 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 169.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.22 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.58 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.21 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2373 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.233 total scale NA NA 227 21 annual average 206 34 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 179.9 2 2 204 34 31 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 5 91 93 6.91 6.91 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 179.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.17 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.50 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.87 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2374 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.238 total scale NA NA 225 21 annual average 204 34 31 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 184.4 2 2 213 35 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 6 12 14 7.12 7.12 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 184.4 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.06 external, standard deviation 0.23 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.32 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.84 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2375 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.225 total scale NA NA 234 21 annual average 213 35 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 190.0 2 2 223 35 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 6 33 35 7.33 7.33 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 190.0 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.95 external, standard deviation 0.21 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.14 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.84 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2376 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.211 total scale NA NA 244 21 annual average 223 35 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 191.7 2 2 224 36 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 6 39 41 7.39 7.39 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 191.7 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.86 external, standard deviation 0.23 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.98 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.47 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2377 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.212 total scale NA NA 245 21 annual average 224 36 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 198.1 2 2 250 38 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 1 CC 7 9 7.62 7.62 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 198.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.56 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.48 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 23.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.26 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2378 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.179 total scale NA NA 271 21 annual average 250 38 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 211.6 2 2 280 42 40 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 39 40 7.99 7.99 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 211.6 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.36 external, standard deviation 0.23 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.15 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.51 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2379 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.142 total scale NA NA 301 21 annual average 280 42 40 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 220.4 2 2 261 40 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 59 61 8.19 8.19 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 220.4 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.67 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.66 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.24 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2380 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.160 total scale NA NA 282 21 annual average 261 40 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 223.7 2 2 260 41 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 69 71 8.29 8.29 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 223.7 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.67 external, standard deviation 0.27 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.67 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.19 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2381 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.163 total scale NA NA 281 21 annual average 260 41 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 227.1 2 2 233 37 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 91 93 8.51 8.51 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 227.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.82 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.92 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.71 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2382 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.199 total scale NA NA 254 21 annual average 233 37 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 235.8 2 2 264 41 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 111 113 8.71 8.71 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 235.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.47 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.33 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.41 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2383 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.161 total scale NA NA 285 21 annual average 264 41 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 239.5 2 2 243 38 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 123 125 8.83 8.83 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 239.5 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.70 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.71 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.60 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2384 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.186 total scale NA NA 264 21 annual average 243 38 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 242.9 2 2 279 43 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 1 139 141 8.99 8.99 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 242.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.44 external, standard deviation 0.25 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.29 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.84 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2385 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.142 total scale NA NA 300 21 annual average 279 43 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 247.2 2 2 262 39 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 2 9 11 9.19 9.19 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 247.2 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.59 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.53 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.89 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.12 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2386 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.161 total scale NA NA 283 21 annual average 262 39 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 250.1 2 2 223 36 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 2 23 24 9.33 9.33 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 250.1 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.00 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.22 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.07 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.13 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2387 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.210 total scale NA NA 244 21 annual average 223 36 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 257.8 2 2 232 37 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 2 2 63 65 9.73 9.73 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 257.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.84 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.96 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.79 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.13 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2388 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.199 total scale NA NA 253 21 annual average 232 37 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1087.3 2 2 228 35 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 4 7 22 24 35.82 35.82 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1087.26 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.82 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.92 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.59 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2390 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.205 total scale NA NA 249 21 annual average 228 35 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1088.7 2 2 255 38 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 4 7 33 35 35.93 35.93 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1088.69 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.57 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.49 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.60 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2391 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.171 total scale NA NA 276 21 annual average 255 38 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1090.0 2 2 218 33 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 4 7 42 44 36.02 36.02 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1090.03 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.93 external, standard deviation 0.17 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.09 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.60 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2392 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.219 total scale NA NA 239 21 annual average 218 33 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1092.7 2 2 237 37 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 4 7 52 54 36.12 36.12 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1092.67 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.80 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.88 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.89 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2393 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.192 total scale NA NA 258 21 annual average 237 37 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1094.7 2 2 247 37 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 4 7 60 62 36.20 36.20 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1094.71 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.73 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.77 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.01 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2394 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.179 total scale NA NA 268 21 annual average 247 37 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1099.5 2 2 323 45 43 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 4 CC 11 13 36.43 36.43 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1099.46 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.09 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.70 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.84 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2395 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.095 total scale NA NA 344 21 annual average 323 45 43 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1102.4 2 2 301 43 41 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 12 14 36.22 36.22 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1102.42 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.23 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.93 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.79 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2396 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.118 total scale NA NA 322 21 annual average 301 43 41 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1103.2 2 2 287 44 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 17 19 36.27 36.27 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1103.16 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.23 external, standard deviation 0.29 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.93 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.15 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2397 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.135 total scale NA NA 308 21 annual average 287 44 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1106.2 2 2 242 36 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 38 40 36.47 36.47 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1106.2 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.75 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.79 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.4 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.89 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2398 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.185 total scale NA NA 263 21 annual average 242 36 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1107.8 2 2 261 39 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 48 50 36.58 36.58 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1107.82 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.51 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.40 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.57 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2399 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.164 total scale NA NA 282 21 annual average 261 39 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1110.3 2 2 282 40 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 59 61 36.69 36.69 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1110.3 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.42 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.25 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.98 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2400 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.138 total scale NA NA 303 21 annual average 282 40 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1112.8 2 2 242 36 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 70 72 36.80 36.80 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1112.8 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.78 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.84 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.00 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2401 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.186 total scale NA NA 263 21 annual average 242 36 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1115.3 2 2 222 34 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 81 83 36.91 36.91 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1115.26 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.94 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.11 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.87 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2402 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.212 total scale NA NA 243 21 annual average 222 34 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1117.9 2 2 209 32 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 90 92 37.00 37.00 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1117.86 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.11 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.40 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.6 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.99 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2403 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.230 total scale NA NA 230 21 annual average 209 32 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1120.4 2 2 243 36 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 99 101 37.09 37.09 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1120.36 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.79 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.86 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 27.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.18 normal distributions 0.17 0.17 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2404 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.183 total scale NA NA 264 21 annual average 243 36 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1123.1 2 2 197 31 31 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 108 110 37.18 37.18 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1123.09 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.25 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.64 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.06 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2405 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.247 total scale NA NA 218 21 annual average 197 31 31 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1126.1 2 2 243 37 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 118 120 37.28 37.28 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1126.06 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.64 external, standard deviation 0.21 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.61 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.50 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2406 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.187 total scale NA NA 264 21 annual average 243 37 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1127.8 2 2 242 37 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 123 125 37.33 37.33 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1127.81 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.63 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.60 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.45 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2407 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.188 total scale NA NA 263 21 annual average 242 37 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1131.0 2 2 247 36 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 132 134 37.42 37.42 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1130.97 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.63 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.61 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.68 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2408 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.181 total scale NA NA 268 21 annual average 247 36 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1136.6 2 2 292 41 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 1 148 150 37.58 37.58 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1136.57 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.23 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.94 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.63 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2409 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.128 total scale NA NA 313 21 annual average 292 41 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1140.0 2 2 308 45 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 8 10 37.68 37.68 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1140.03 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.04 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.62 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.34 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2410 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.112 total scale NA NA 329 21 annual average 308 45 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1143.2 2 2 280 43 41 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 17 19 37.77 37.77 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1143.23 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.18 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.85 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 23.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.05 normal distributions 0.12 0.12 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2411 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.144 total scale NA NA 301 21 annual average 280 43 41 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1145.3 2 2 298 44 41 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 23 25 37.83 37.83 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1145.33 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.09 external, standard deviation 0.23 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.71 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.27 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2412 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.123 total scale NA NA 319 21 annual average 298 44 41 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1148.9 2 2 315 52 49 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 33 35 37.93 37.93 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1148.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 19.96 external, standard deviation 0.35 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.49 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 23.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.23 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.21 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2413 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.106 total scale NA NA 336 21 annual average 315 52 49 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1150.9 2 2 262 39 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 39 41 37.99 37.99 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1150.94 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.31 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.07 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 23.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.01 normal distributions 0.12 0.12 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2414 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.166 total scale NA NA 283 21 annual average 262 39 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1154.1 2 2 246 38 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 48 50 38.08 38.08 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1154.09 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.52 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.42 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.27 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2415 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.184 total scale NA NA 267 21 annual average 246 38 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1157.8 2 2 302 45 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 59 61 38.19 38.19 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1157.77 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.10 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.72 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.43 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2416 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.118 total scale NA NA 323 21 annual average 302 45 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1160.7 2 2 311 46 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 67 69 38.27 38.27 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1160.73 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 19.98 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.52 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 23.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.22 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2417 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.109 total scale NA NA 332 21 annual average 311 46 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1162.9 2 2 274 40 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 73 75 38.33 38.33 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1162.85 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.37 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.17 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.65 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2418 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.149 total scale NA NA 295 21 annual average 274 40 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1169.9 2 2 283 40 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 93 95 38.53 38.53 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1169.86 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.29 external, standard deviation 0.16 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.04 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.60 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2419 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.138 total scale NA NA 304 21 annual average 283 40 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1177.6 2 2 272 39 37 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 120 122 38.80 38.80 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1177.57 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.36 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.16 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.52 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2420 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.152 total scale NA NA 293 21 annual average 272 39 37 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1179.7 2 2 262 38 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 130 132 38.90 38.90 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1179.66 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.50 external, standard deviation 0.20 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.38 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.5 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.70 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2421 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.163 total scale NA NA 283 21 annual average 262 38 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1181.8 2 2 229 33 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 2 141 143 39.01 39.01 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1181.75 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.85 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.97 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.90 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2422 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.204 total scale NA NA 250 21 annual average 229 33 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1184.1 2 2 222 34 33 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 2 4 39.12 39.12 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1184.06 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.83 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.94 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.53 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2423 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.213 total scale NA NA 243 21 annual average 222 34 33 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1186.0 2 2 254 38 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 10 12 39.20 39.20 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1185.97 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.57 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.51 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.75 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2424 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.172 total scale NA NA 275 21 annual average 254 38 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1188.1 2 2 264 38 36 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 19 21 39.29 39.29 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1188.07 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.44 external, standard deviation 0.19 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.29 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.54 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2425 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.161 total scale NA NA 285 21 annual average 264 38 36 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1191.3 2 2 211 33 31 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 27 29 39.37 39.37 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1191.31 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.95 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.13 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.47 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2426 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.230 total scale NA NA 232 21 annual average 211 33 31 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1195.2 2 2 203 33 31 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 37 39 39.47 39.47 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1195.15 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.97 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.17 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.23 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2427 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.242 total scale NA NA 224 21 annual average 203 33 31 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1203.3 2 2 189 31 30 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 58 60 39.68 39.68 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1203.26 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 21.22 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.58 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.54 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2428 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.261 total scale NA NA 210 21 annual average 189 31 30 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1206.8 2 2 213 32 32 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 67 69 39.77 39.77 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1206.76 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.99 external, standard deviation 0.14 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 20.20 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.9 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.74 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2429 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.225 total scale NA NA 234 21 annual average 213 32 32 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1210.0 2 2 235 36 34 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 78 80 39.88 39.88 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1209.99 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.71 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.73 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.51 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2430 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.196 total scale NA NA 256 21 annual average 235 36 34 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1214.5 2 2 288 40 39 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 95 97 40.05 40.05 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1214.48 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.24 external, standard deviation 0.18 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.94 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.43 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2431 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.133 total scale NA NA 309 21 annual average 288 40 39 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1216.4 2 2 272 40 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 102 104 40.12 40.12 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1216.42 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.36 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.14 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.39 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2432 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.152 total scale NA NA 293 21 annual average 272 40 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1218.5 2 2 301 45 42 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 110 112 40.20 40.20 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1218.54 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.07 external, standard deviation 0.22 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.67 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 24.1 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.17 normal distributions 0.13 0.13 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2433 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.120 total scale NA NA 322 21 annual average 301 45 42 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1224.2 2 2 253 38 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 129 131 40.39 40.39 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1224.18 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.53 external, standard deviation 0.24 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.44 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.41 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2434 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.175 total scale NA NA 274 21 annual average 253 38 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1227.2 2 2 271 40 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 137 139 40.47 40.47 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1227.17 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.38 external, standard deviation 0.21 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.18 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.43 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2435 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.153 total scale NA NA 292 21 annual average 271 40 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1230.7 2 2 314 46 44 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 3 147 149 40.57 40.57 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1230.72 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.04 external, standard deviation 0.25 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.62 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.0 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.42 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2436 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.105 total scale NA NA 335 21 annual average 314 46 44 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1233.9 2 2 295 42 41 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 4 6 8 40.66 40.66 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1233.9 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.23 external, standard deviation 0.21 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 18.93 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 25.7 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.60 normal distributions 0.14 0.14 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2437 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.124 total scale NA NA 316 21 annual average 295 42 41 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1236.2 2 2 260 38 35 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 4 12 14 40.72 40.72 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1236.18 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.56 external, standard deviation 0.17 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.49 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.3 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.81 normal distributions 0.15 0.15 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2438 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.164 total scale NA NA 281 21 annual average 260 38 35 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1239.8 2 2 266 39 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 4 21 23 40.81 40.81 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1239.83 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.55 external, standard deviation 0.21 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.46 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 26.8 normal distribution 3 3 NA 3.97 normal distributions 0.16 0.16 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2439 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.156 total scale NA NA 287 21 annual average 266 39 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Chalk 2017 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 1243.3 2 2 289 40 38 Thomas B. Chalk, Elwyn de la Vega t.chalk@noc.soton.ac.uk, elwyn.de-la-vega@soton.ac.uk Chalk, T.B., Hain, M.P., Foster, G.L., Rohling, E.J., Sexton, P.F., Badger, M.P.S., Cherry, S.G., Hasenfratz, A.P., Haug, G.H., Jaccard, S.L., Martínez-García, A., Pälike, H., Pancost, R.D. and Wilson, P.A. (2017) Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1702143114 ODP 999 A 5 4 29 31 40.89 40.89 NA Caribbean Sea 12.74 -78.74 NA NA -2839 NA NA NA 1243.25 normal distribution 2 2 NA magnetic polarity/d18O stratigraphy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides ruber white (sensu stricto) 300-355 ~200 2 Barker et al. (2003) column chemistry MC-ICPMS (Neptune) NA 2 NA 20.46 external, standard deviation 0.15 0.64 normal distribution 0.034 9.1 normal distribution 0.56 Henehan et al. 2013 Size corrected 19.32 normal NA NA Monte Carlo (n=10,000) 10 Not accounted NA 28.2 normal distribution 3 3 NA 4.49 normal distributions 0.18 0.18 NA Delaney et al (1985), Evans and Muller (2012) NA Fantle and DePaolo (2006) none none none NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 normal 3 modern value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 432.6 set salinity value- uncertainty on B/Salinity relationship not included 37.1 Lee et al 2010 39.61 normal 0.22 Foster 2010 Dickson 1990 None applied, surface pressure 1.0272 NA NA Klochko et al. (2006) none none R including seacarb Henry's law, as of Weiss 1974, Zeebe Wolf-Gladrow 2001 Lueker et al. (2000) Lueker et al. (2000) NA NA NA alkalinity set value NA 2440 set value (uniform/flat probability) 175 175 NA NA NA NA 8.128 total scale NA NA 310 21 annual average 289 40 38 Monte Carlo (n=10,000) calibration, d11Bsw, T, S, Alkalinity, age (in manuscript), K0, K1, K2, pKb, disequilibrium, boron content NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA