# Paleo-pCO2 Database Middle Miocene ODP761 Boron Isotope and CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24030 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/boron_isotopes_Greenop_2014.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-05-09 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Middle Miocene ODP761 Boron Isotope and CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Greenop, R.; Foster, G.L.; Wilson, P.A.; Lear, C.H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from boron isotope measurements on marine sediment core ODP761B for the middle Miocene (~17 - 15 million years ago), contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Rosanna Greenop, Gavin L. Foster, Paul A. Wilson, Caroline H. Lear # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-09-01 # Published_Title: Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 9 # Pages: 845-853 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2014PA002653 # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2014PA002653 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The amplitude of climatic change, as recorded in the benthic oxygen isotope record, has varied throughout geological time. During the late Pleistocene, changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) are an important control on this amplitude of variability. The contribution of CO2 to climate variability during the pre-Quaternary however is unknown. Here we present a new boron isotope-based CO2 record for the transition into the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) between 15.5 and 17 Myr that shows pronounced variability between 300 ppm and 500 ppm on a roughly 100 kyr time scale during the MCO. The CO2 changes reconstructed for the Miocene are ~2 times larger in absolute terms (300 to 500 ppm compared to 180 to 280 ppm) than those associated with the late Pleistocene and ~15% larger in terms of climate forcing. In contrast, however, variability in the contemporaneous benthic oxygen isotope record (at ~1 permil) is approximately two thirds the amplitude of that seen during the late Pleistocene. These observations indicate a lower overall sensitivity to CO2 forcing for Miocene (Antarctic only) ice sheets than their late Pleistocene (Antarctic plus lower latitude northern hemisphere) counterparts. When our Miocene CO2 record is compared to the estimated changes in contemporaneous d18Osw (ice volume), they point to the existence of two reservoirs of ice on Antarctica. One of these reservoirs appears stable, while a second reservoir shows a level of dynamism that contradicts the results of coupled climate-ice sheet model experiments given the CO2 concentrations that we reconstruct. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NERC # Grant: NE/I006176/1, NE/I006427/1, NE/I006168/1 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP761 # Location: Ocean>Indian Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: -16.73972 # Southernmost_Latitude: -16.73972 # Easternmost_Longitude: 115.53611 # Westernmost_Longitude: 115.53611 # Elevation: -2179 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Grenop2014ODP761boron # Earliest_Year: 17110000 # Most_Recent_Year: 15540000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # Basic Info REFERENCE AND CONTACT INFORMATION SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AGE CONSTRAINTS ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS VITAL EFFECT CALCULATED d11Bborate ACCESSORY INPUTS METHOD OF TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION SEAWATER COMPOSITION AQUEOUS BORON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION PARAMETERIZATION OF CO2 CALCULATION SECOND PARAMETER OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM CALCULATED PARAMETERS OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM alternative Age (in case different models are available) d11B (relative to SRM 951) d11Bc/d11Bborate calibration slope d11Bc/d11Bborate calibration intercept pressure (i.e. depth of foraminifer habitat) Temperature Mg/Ca e.g., Alkenone UK'37, TEX 86 Salinity [Ca] of seawater at S=35 [Mg] of seawater at S=35 [SO4] of seawater at S=35 [B]T of seawater at S=35 d11Bsw pKB aB3-B4 if applicable proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty_neg_ppm Name of individual entering the data Contact email Reference of the data product DOI link to reference Site (DSDP/ODP/IODP or other site number) Hole Core Section top cm bottom cm core depth below seafloor (meters, specify CSF-A or CSF-B where applicable, original IODP record)a core composite depth below seafloor (meters, CCSF)a reference for composite depth Location (e.g., Atlantic, Carribbean, South China Sea etc.) Modern Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Modern Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Paleo Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Paleo Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Modern elevation (m), below sea level negative Paleo elevation (m), below sea level negative reference and Method to determine Paleo position notes about any flags in the studied core section Age (ka) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Age uncertainty pos (ka) 2s Age uncertainty neg (ka) Age Scale (GTS 20XX) age method (nannofossil biostratigraphy, radiolaria, magnetic polarity, radiometric etc.) reference to age model, if different from primary reference of data set Age (ka) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Age uncertainty pos (ka) 2s Age uncertainty neg (ka) Age Scale (GTS 20XX) age method (nannofossil biostratigraphy, radiolaria, magnetic polarity, radiometric etc.) reference to age model, if different from primary reference of data set foraminifer species analyzed foraminifer size class (µm) number of foraminifera shells per sample total sample weight (mg) Reference for sample cleaning procedure Boron separation method (e.g., column chemistry, microsublimation) analytical Method (e.g., MC-ICP-MS, P-TIMS, N-TIMS etc) d11B of individual replicate measurements of the same solution; separate by commas n of replicate measurements 2se of replicates ( [ 2* (sd/sqrt(n))] ) d11B (‰, average of replicates) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, specify whether uncertainty is presented as standard deviation or standard error) 2s uncertainty (report internal or external reproducibility, whichever is larger) slope value type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty intercept value type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty Reference for calibration slope Notes (e.g., shell size corrected?) d11Bborate (‰) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty notes about uncertainty estimate: e.g., included calibration slope and intercept Error propagation method depth habitat (m) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty temperature (°C) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s temperature pos (°C) 2s temperature neg (°C) Mg/Ca of individual replicate measurements; separate replicates by commas Mg/Ca (mmol/mol, average of replicates) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Mg uncertainty pos (mmol/mol) 2s Mg/Ca uncertainty neg (mmol/mol) temperature calibration equation reference for temperature calibration equation Mg/Casw correction Mg/Casw correction reference salinity correction (list reference if applied) dissolution correction (list reference if applied) pH correction (list reference if applied) proxy value of individual replicate measurements; separate replicates by commas average proxy value (please specify units) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty temperature calibration equation reference for temperature calibration equation used same sample material as for d11B analyses? If not, provide details Salinity (unit-less) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty method of salinity estimation (list reference if applicable) [Ca] (mol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [Ca] of seawater value [Mg] (mol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [Mg] of seawater value [SO4] (mol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [SO4] of seawater value [B]T (µmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [B]T value d11Bsw (‰) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for d11Bsw reference for pKB and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pressure effect on pKB value for aB3-B4 type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for aB3-B4 equation for temperature correction of aB3-B4 (if applied) reference for temperature correction of aB3-B4 (if applied) CO2 calculation program and version, e.g. CO2SYS, seacarb, other (please specify) reference for pK0 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pK1 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pK2 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pKHSO4 reference for pKspcalcite and pKsparagonite and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pressure effect on pKspcalcite and pKsparagonite Parameter used (e.g., alkalinity, DIC, [CO32-] Method for deriving 2nd parameter (e.g., CCD, W, LOSCAR, GENIE, code can be submitted as supplement) Reference for second parameter (if not primary reference of data set) central value (µmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty pos (µmol/kg) 2s uncertainty neg (µmol/kg) Wcalcite (if used as a constraint) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty pos 2s uncertainty neg pH pH scale reported (e.g., total scale, seawater scale) 2s uncertainty pos 2s uncertainty neg Aqueous pCO2 (µatm) Air-sea pCO2 disequilibrium (µatm) Notes about air-sea disequilibrium: what is the estimate based on; are there assumptions on seasonality? bAtmospheric pCO2 (i.e. after correction for any modern air-sea disequilibrium, µatm) 2s pCO2 uncertainty pos 2s pCO2 uncertainty neg Error propagation method (code can be provided in supplement) parameters included in the error propagation (e.g., calibration uncertainty, d11Bsw, T, S, second parameter of the carbonate system) cAlkalinity (µmol/kg, if not used as an input parameter) 2s alkalinity uncertainty pos 2s alkalinity uncertainty neg DIC (µmol/kg, if not used as an input parameter 2s DIC uncertainty pos 2s DIC uncertainty neg Wcalcite, if not used as an input parameter 2s uncertainty Wcalcite pos 2s uncertainty Wcalcite neg Waragonite, if not used as an input parameter 2s uncertainty Waragonite pos 2s uncertainty Waragonite neg Additional Notes boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15541.34 NA NA 300 114 92 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 3 96 98 NA 47.06 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15541.34 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.97 1 NA 15.97 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.38 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.30 normal 3 3 NA 4.73 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 300 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 300 114 92 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15599.55 NA NA 442 176 142 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 3 118 120 NA 47.28 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15599.55 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.57,15.11 2 0.54 14.84 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.31 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.54 normal 3 3 NA 4.35 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 442 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 442 176 142 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15612.77 NA NA 469 187 150 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 3 123 125 NA 47.33 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15612.77 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.58,14.86 2 0.28 14.72 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.24 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.81 normal 3 3 NA 4.50 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 469 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 469 187 150 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15625.99 NA NA 330 123 101 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 3 128 130 NA 47.38 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15625.99 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.5,15.83 2 0.34 15.66 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.31 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.09 normal 3 3 NA 4.69 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 330 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 330 123 101 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15652.42 NA NA 294 112 92 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 3 138 140 NA 47.48 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15652.42 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.08,15.98 2 0.10 16.03 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.40 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.25 normal 3 3 NA 4.65 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 294 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 294 112 92 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15692.12 NA NA 287 130 98 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 3 5 NA 47.63 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15692.12 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.38,15.85 2 0.54 16.11 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.70 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.37 normal 3 3 NA 4.74 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 287 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 287 130 98 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15718.63 NA NA 505 353 209 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 13 15 NA 47.73 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15718.63 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.03,14.12 2 0.91 14.58 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.94 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.44 normal 3 3 NA 4.36 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 505 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 505 353 209 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15758.52 NA NA 291 122 95 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 28 30 NA 47.88 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15758.52 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.05,16.01 2 0.04 16.03 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.58 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.92 normal 3 3 NA 4.54 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 291 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 291 122 95 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15771.86 NA NA 315 137 108 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 33 35 NA 47.93 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15771.86 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.86,15.65 2 0.21 15.76 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.64 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.40 normal 3 3 NA 4.29 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 315 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 315 137 108 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15806.64 NA NA 520 238 175 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 46 48 NA 48.06 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15806.64 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.54,14.40 2 0.14 14.47 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.41 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.73 normal 3 3 NA 4.40 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 520 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 520 238 175 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15838.92 NA NA 435 184 143 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 58 60 NA 48.18 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15838.92 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.93,14.93 2 0.00 14.93 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.41 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.16 normal 3 3 NA 4.56 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 435 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 435 184 143 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15893.18 NA NA 281 104 87 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 78 80 NA 48.38 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15893.18 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.04,16.27 2 0.22 16.15 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.33 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.27 normal 3 3 NA 4.71 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 281 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 281 104 87 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15953.66 NA NA 291 156 110 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 100 102 NA 48.60 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15953.66 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.6,15.51 2 1.09 16.05 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.91 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.76 normal 3 3 NA 4.47 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 291 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 291 156 110 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15961.99 NA NA 318 122 99 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 103 105 NA 48.63 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15961.99 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.62,15.95 2 0.33 15.78 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.39 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.28 normal 3 3 NA 4.64 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 318 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 318 122 99 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15975.91 NA NA 595 264 197 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 108 110 NA 48.68 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15975.91 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.17,14.24 2 0.08 14.20 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.24 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.41 normal 3 3 NA 4.75 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 595 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 595 264 197 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 15989.89 NA NA 322 129 102 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 113 115 NA 48.73 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 15989.89 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.67,15.86 2 0.19 15.76 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.41 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.51 normal 3 3 NA 4.77 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 322 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 322 129 102 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16060.73 NA NA 293 110 91 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 4 138 140 NA 48.98 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16060.73 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.97,16.01 2 0.04 15.99 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.36 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.71 normal 3 3 NA 4.42 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 293 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 293 110 91 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16118.71 NA NA 406 195 143 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 8 10 NA 49.18 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16118.71 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.52,14.60 2 0.92 15.06 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.63 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.36 normal 3 3 NA 4.26 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 406 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 406 195 143 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16148.20 NA NA 309 114 95 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 18 20 NA 49.28 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16148.20 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.75,15.98 2 0.22 15.87 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.29 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.26 normal 3 3 NA 4.66 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 309 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 309 114 95 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16178.04 NA NA 271 102 83 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 28 30 NA 49.38 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16178.04 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.96,16.28 2 0.32 16.12 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.33 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.59 normal 3 3 NA 3.99 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 271 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 271 102 83 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16208.27 NA NA 236 102 79 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 38 40 NA 49.48 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16208.27 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.77,16.35 2 0.42 16.56 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.69 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.60 normal 3 3 NA 3.97 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 236 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 236 102 79 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16238.90 NA NA 477 252 172 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 48 50 NA 49.58 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16238.90 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.34,14.87 2 0.53 14.60 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.65 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.42 normal 3 3 NA 3.97 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 477 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 477 252 172 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16269.96 NA NA 278 101 84 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 58 60 NA 49.68 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16269.96 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.09,16.03 2 0.06 16.06 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.23 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.79 normal 3 3 NA 4.08 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 278 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 278 101 84 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16301.47 NA NA 467 188 150 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 68 70 NA 49.78 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16301.47 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.66,14.66 2 0.00 14.66 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.22 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.02 normal 3 3 NA 4.14 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 467 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 467 188 150 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16333.45 NA NA 262 95 79 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 78 80 NA 49.88 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16333.45 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.11,16.38 2 0.27 16.25 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.25 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.92 normal 3 3 NA 4.06 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 262 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 262 95 79 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16365.94 NA NA 502 207 162 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 88 90 NA 49.98 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16365.94 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.51 1 NA 14.51 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.27 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.15 normal 3 3 NA 4.19 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 502 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 502 207 162 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16398.95 NA NA 430 171 137 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 98 100 NA 50.08 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16398.95 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.90 1 NA 14.90 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.28 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.51 normal 3 3 NA 4.30 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 430 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 430 171 137 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16415.66 NA NA 221 79 66 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 103 105 NA 50.13 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16415.66 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.8,16.81 2 0.01 16.80 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.24 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.26 normal 3 3 NA 4.25 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 221 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 221 79 66 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16466.65 NA NA 532 339 213 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 5 118 120 NA 50.28 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16466.65 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 14.9,13.94 2 0.96 14.42 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.83 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.14 normal 3 3 NA 4.15 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 45 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 532 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 532 339 213 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16591.05 NA NA 271 97 82 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 6 3 5 NA 50.63 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16591.05 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.14,16.26 2 0.12 16.20 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.25 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.45 normal 3 3 NA 4.26 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 44 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 271 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 271 97 82 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16646.90 NA NA 242 85 74 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 6 18 20 NA 50.78 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16646.90 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.61,16.66 2 0.05 16.63 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.26 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 32.35 normal 3 3 NA 4.70 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 44 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 242 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 242 85 74 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16685.05 NA NA 236 93 74 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 6 28 30 NA 50.88 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16685.05 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.75,16.62 2 0.14 16.69 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.52 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.82 normal 3 3 NA 4.38 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 44 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 236 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 236 93 74 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16763.69 NA NA 338 134 107 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 6 48 50 NA 51.08 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16763.69 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 15.5,15.68 2 0.19 15.59 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.38 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 31.84 normal 3 3 NA 4.41 normal 0.07 0.07 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 44 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 338 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 338 134 107 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 16975.21 NA NA 207 87 68 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 6 98 100 NA 51.58 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 16975.21 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.94,17.07 2 0.13 17.00 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.66 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.62 normal 3 3 NA 3.96 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 44 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 207 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 207 87 68 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted. boron isotopes Greenop 2014 10.1002/2014PA002653 17113.59 NA NA 252 90 75 Rosanna Geenop, Bärbel Hönisch rg200@st-andrews.ac.uk, hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Greenop,R.,G.L.Foster,P.A.Wilson,andC. H. Lear (2014), Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability, Paleoceanography, 29,845–853, doi:10.1002/2014PA002653. 10.1002/2014PA002653 761 B 6 6 128 130 NA 51.88 Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, Indian Ocean -16.73972222 115.5361111 NA NA -2179 NA NA NA 17113.59 NA NA NA Berggren et al. (1995a,b) with updates from Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), Curry et al. (1995) Biostratigraphy and isotope datums Holbourn, A et al. (2004): Middle Miocene isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic evolution of the northwest and southwest Australian margins (Wombat Plateau and Great Australian Bight). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 208(1-2), 1-22, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. trilobus 300-355 100-150 1-1.5 Barker et al., 2003 Column chemistry MC-ICP-MS 16.33,16.39 2 0.06 16.36 2 standard deviations normal distribution 0.31 0.833 normal NA 2.67 normal NA Foster et al., 2012, Sosdian et al., 2018 Corrected to 300-355 using Seki et al., 2010 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA 30.88 normal 3 3 NA 4.03 normal 0.06 0.06 NA Anand et al., 2003 3.43 Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 Normal 3 Modern 14 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 44 NA NA Horita et al., 2002 NA NA NA NA 432.6 NA NA Lee et al. (2010) 37.82 normal 0.7 Foster et al., 2012 Dickson 1990 NA 1.0272 none applied none applied Klochko et al. (2006) none applied none applied NA NA Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber 1973 NA NA NA Alkalinity CCD and benthic d11B Foster et al., 2012 1292 set value 300 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 252 25 Takahashi et al. (2009) 252 90 75 Monte Carlo (10,000 simulations) d11Bsw, T, S, d11B, Alk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA These CO2 estimates are updated in Sosdian et al. (2018). Note that air-sea disequilibrium in this study was acknowledged but not subtracted.