# Paleo-pCO2 Database ODP668B 2 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23473 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/boron_isotopes_hoenisch_2009.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-03-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database ODP668B 2 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Hönisch, B.: Hemming, N.G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from boron isotope measurements on marine sediment core ODP668B for the past 2 million years, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Bärbel Hönisch, N. Gary Hemming, David Archer, Mark Siddall, Jerry F. McManus # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-06-19 # Published_Title: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid-Pleistocene Transition # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 324 # Edition: # Issue: 5934 # Pages: 1551-1554 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1171477 # Online_Resource: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/324/5934/1551 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The dominant period of Pleistocene glacial cycles changed during the mid-Pleistocene from 40,000 years to 100,000 years, for as yet unknown reasons. Here we present a 2.1-million-year record of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (Pco2), based on boron isotopes in planktic foraminifer shells, which suggests that the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pco2) was relatively stable before the mid-Pleistocene climate transition. Glacial Pco2 was ~31 microatmospheres higher before the transition (more than 1 million years ago), but interglacial Pco2 was similar to that of late Pleistocene interglacial cycles (<450,000 years ago). These estimates are consistent with a close linkage between atmospheric CO2 concentration and global climate, but the lack of a gradual decrease in interglacial Pco2 does not support the suggestion that a long-term drawdown of atmospheric CO2 was the main cause of the climate transition. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Bärbel Hönisch, Gary Hemming # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005-07-30 # Published_Title: Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 236 # Edition: # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 305-314 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.027 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X05002803 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Knowledge of past atmospheric pCO2 is important for evaluating the role of greenhouse gases in climate forcing. Ice core records show the tight correlation between climate change and pCO2, but records are limited to the past ~900 kyr. We present surface ocean pH and PCO2 data, reconstructed from boron isotopes in planktonic foraminifera over two full glacial cycles (0-140 and 300-420 kyr). The data co-vary strongly with the Vostok pCO2-record and demonstrate that the coupling between surface ocean chemistry and the atmosphere is recorded in marine archives, allowing for quantitative estimation of atmospheric pCO2 beyond the reach of ice cores. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE 06-23621 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP668B # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 4.77 # Southernmost_Latitude: 4.77 # Easternmost_Longitude: -20.93 # Westernmost_Longitude: -20.93 # Elevation: -2693 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Honisch2009ODP668boron # Earliest_Year: 2048189 # Most_Recent_Year: 3633 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # Basic Info REFERENCE AND CONTACT INFORMATION SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AGE CONSTRAINTS ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS VITAL EFFECT CALCULATED d11Bborate ACCESSORY INPUTS METHOD OF TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION SEAWATER COMPOSITION AQUEOUS BORON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION PARAMETERIZATION OF CO2 CALCULATION SECOND PARAMETER OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM CALCULATED PARAMETERS OF THE CARBONATE SYSTEM alternative Age (in case different models are available) d11B (relative to SRM 951) d11Bc/d11Bborate calibration slope d11Bc/d11Bborate calibration intercept pressure (i.e. depth of foraminifer habitat) Temperature Mg/Ca e.g., Alkenone UK'37, TEX 86 Salinity [Ca] of seawater at S=35 [Mg] of seawater at S=35 [SO4] of seawater at S=35 [B]T of seawater at S=35 d11Bsw pKB aB3-B4 if applicable proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty_neg_ppm Name of individual entering the data Contact email Reference of the data product DOI link to reference Site (DSDP/ODP/IODP or other site number) Hole Core Section top cm bottom cm core depth below seafloor (meters, specify CSF-A or CSF-B where applicable, original IODP record)a core composite depth below seafloor (meters, CCSF)a reference for composite depth Location (e.g., Atlantic, Carribbean, South China Sea etc.) Modern Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Modern Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Paleo Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Paleo Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Modern elevation (m), below sea level negative Paleo elevation (m), below sea level negative reference and Method to determine Paleo position notes about any flags in the studied core section Age (ka) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Age uncertainty pos (ka) 2s Age uncertainty neg (ka) Age Scale (GTS 20XX) age method (nannofossil biostratigraphy, radiolaria, magnetic polarity, radiometric etc.) reference to age model, if different from primary reference of data set Age (ka) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Age uncertainty pos (ka) 2s Age uncertainty neg (ka) Age Scale (GTS 20XX) age method (nannofossil biostratigraphy, radiolaria, magnetic polarity, radiometric etc.) reference to age model, if different from primary reference of data set foraminifer species analyzed foraminifer size class (µm) number of foraminifera shells per sample total sample weight (mg) Reference for sample cleaning procedure Boron separation method (e.g., column chemistry, microsublimation) analytical Method (e.g., MC-ICP-MS, P-TIMS, N-TIMS etc) d11B of individual replicate measurements of the same solution; separate by commas n of replicate measurements 2se of replicates ( [ 2* (sd/sqrt(n))] ) d11B (‰, average of replicates) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, specify whether uncertainty is presented as standard deviation or standard error) 2s uncertainty (report internal or external reproducibility, whichever is larger) slope value type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty intercept value type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty Reference for calibration slope Notes (e.g., shell size corrected?) d11Bborate (‰) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution) 2s uncertainty notes about uncertainty estimate: e.g., included calibration slope and intercept Error propagation method depth habitat (m) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty temperature (°C) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s temperature pos (°C) 2s temperature neg (°C) Mg/Ca of individual replicate measurements; separate replicates by commas Mg/Ca (mmol/mol, average of replicates) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s Mg uncertainty pos (mmol/mol) 2s Mg/Ca uncertainty neg (mmol/mol) temperature calibration equation reference for temperature calibration equation Mg/Casw correction Mg/Casw correction reference salinity correction (list reference if applied) dissolution correction (list reference if applied) pH correction (list reference if applied) proxy value of individual replicate measurements; separate replicates by commas average proxy value (please specify units) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty temperature calibration equation reference for temperature calibration equation used same sample material as for d11B analyses? If not, provide details Salinity (unit-less) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty method of salinity estimation (list reference if applicable) [Ca] (mol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [Ca] of seawater value [Mg] (mol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [Mg] of seawater value [SO4] (mol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [SO4] of seawater value [B]T (µmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for [B]T value d11Bsw (‰) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for d11Bsw reference for pKB and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pressure effect on pKB value for aB3-B4 type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty reference for aB3-B4 equation for temperature correction of aB3-B4 (if applied) reference for temperature correction of aB3-B4 (if applied) CO2 calculation program and version, e.g. CO2SYS, seacarb, other (please specify) reference for pK0 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pK1 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pK2 and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pKHSO4 reference for pKspcalcite and pKsparagonite and for correction of major ion composition, if applied reference for pressure effect on pKspcalcite and pKsparagonite Parameter used (e.g., alkalinity, DIC, [CO32-] Method for deriving 2nd parameter (e.g., CCD, W, LOSCAR, GENIE, code can be submitted as supplement) Reference for second parameter (if not primary reference of data set) central value (µmol/kg) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty pos (µmol/kg) 2s uncertainty neg (µmol/kg) Wcalcite (if used as a constraint) type of uncertainty (e.g., set value, normal distribution, +/- range) 2s uncertainty pos 2s uncertainty neg pH pH scale reported (e.g., total scale, seawater scale) 2s uncertainty pos 2s uncertainty neg Aqueous pCO2 (µatm) Air-sea pCO2 disequilibrium (µatm) Notes about air-sea disequilibrium: what is the estimate based on; are there assumptions on seasonality? bAtmospheric pCO2 (i.e. after correction for any modern air-sea disequilibrium, µatm) 2s pCO2 uncertainty pos 2s pCO2 uncertainty neg Error propagation method (code can be provided in supplement) parameters included in the error propagation (e.g., calibration uncertainty, d11Bsw, T, S, second parameter of the carbonate system) cAlkalinity (µmol/kg, if not used as an input parameter) 2s alkalinity uncertainty pos 2s alkalinity uncertainty neg DIC (µmol/kg, if not used as an input parameter 2s DIC uncertainty pos 2s DIC uncertainty neg Wcalcite, if not used as an input parameter 2s uncertainty Wcalcite pos 2s uncertainty Wcalcite neg Waragonite, if not used as an input parameter 2s uncertainty Waragonite pos 2s uncertainty Waragonite neg Additional Notes boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 3.6 NA NA 283.4 23.0 23.0 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171460 ODP 668 B 1 1 2 4 0.03, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 3.6 NA NA NA Holocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.99, after cleaning Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.92, 20.90, 20.87 3 0.03 20.9 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.33, 3.34 (all Mg/Ca analyses performed on G. ruber, 250-300 µm, 80-150 shells per sample) 3.34 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.7 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.01 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.7 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2366.33 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.16 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 283.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1622 283.4 23.0 23.0 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 3.6 NA NA NA NA NA Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171460 ODP 668 B 1 1 2 4 0.03, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 3.6 NA NA NA Holocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 1.77 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.03, 21.07, 20.42, 20.82 4 0.30 20.84 normal distribution, standard error 0.3 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.33, 3.34 (all Mg/Ca analyses performed on G. ruber, 250-300 µm, 80-150 shells per sample) 3.34 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.7 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.01 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2008 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.8 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2366.33 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1623 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA procedural 2009 duplicate, not included for data figures boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 14.6 NA NA 253.9 20.2 20.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171461 ODP 668 B 1 1 25 27 0.26, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 14.6 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.54 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.49, 21.26, 21.18 3 0.19 21.31 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.46, 3.56 3.51 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2009 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.9 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2368.00 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.19 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 253.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1624 253.9 20.2 20.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 14.6 NA NA NA NA NA Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171462 ODP 668 B 1 1 25 27 0.26, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 14.6 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 3.03 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.32, 21.69, 21.33 3 0.24 21.44 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.46, 3.56 3.51 set value, +/-3% NA 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2010 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.10 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2368.00 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1625 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA procedural 2009 duplicate, not included for data figures boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 20.4 NA NA 183.4 13.8 13.8 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171463 ODP 668 B 1 1 33 35 0.34, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 20.4 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 4.76 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 22.02,22.15,22.14 3 0.08 22.12 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.2 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.96, 2.81 2.88 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.12 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2011 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.11 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2401.18 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.30 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 183.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1626 183.4 13.8 13.8 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 40.8 NA NA 218.4 16.9 16.9 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171464 ODP 668 B 1 1 70 72 0.71, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 40.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.45 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.69, 21.62, 21.35 3 0.21 21.55 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.99, 3.04 3.01 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.4 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2012 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.12 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2356.36 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.24 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 218.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1627 218.4 16.9 16.9 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 70.6 NA NA 246.3 19.5 19.5 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171465 ODP 668 B 1 1 105 107 1.06, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 70.6 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.69 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.16, 21.10, 21.03 3 0.08 21.10 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.1 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.87, N/A 2.87 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.4 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.145 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2013 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.13 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2346.34 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.20 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 246.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1628 246.3 19.5 19.5 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 113.6 NA NA 267.3 21.6 21.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171466 ODP 668 B 1 2 25 27 1.76, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 113.6 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 5.03 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.00, 20.88, 21.19 3 0.18 21.02 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.0 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.41, 3.41 3.41 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.12 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2014 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.14 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2303.48 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.17 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 267.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1629 267.3 21.6 21.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 123.2 NA NA 317.8 26.7 26.7 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171467 ODP 668 B 1 2 39 41 1.90, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 123.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.07 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.49, 20.87, 20.80, 20.58 4 0.18 20.68 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 27.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 4.04, 3.97 4 set value, +/-3% 0.12 0.12 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.7 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0192 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2015 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.15 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2273.56 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.10 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 317.8 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1630 317.8 26.7 26.7 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 128.1 NA NA 279.3 22.8 22.8 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171468 ODP 668 B 1 2 49 51 2.00, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 128.1 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.12 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.10, 20.88, 20.98 3 0.13 20.99 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 27.0 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.62, 3.82 3.72 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.0 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.15 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2016 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.16 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2286.35 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.15 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 279.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1631 279.3 22.8 22.8 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 136.8 NA NA 194.9 14.9 14.9 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171469 ODP 668 B 1 2 70 72 2.21, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 136.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 4.06 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.76,22.02,21.86,21.62 3 0.19 21.81 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.0 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.86, 2.83 2.84 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2017 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.17 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2338.60 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.28 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 194.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1632 194.9 14.9 14.9 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 138.6 NA NA 175.2 13.2 13.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171470 ODP 668 B 1 2 74 76 2.25, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 138.6 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.35 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.74, 22.55, 22.39 3 0.50 22.23 normal distribution, standard error 0.5 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.98, 3.02 3 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2018 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.18 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2337.35 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.31 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 175.2 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1633 175.2 13.2 13.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 329.1 NA NA 294.8 24.6 24.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171471 ODP 668 B 2 2 56 58 10.85, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 329.1 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.87 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.36, 20.73, 20.54 3 0.21 20.55 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.4 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.20, 3.26 3.23 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.12 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2019 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.19 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2223.69 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.12 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 294.8 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1634 294.8 24.6 24.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 358.5 NA NA 201.9 15.6 15.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171472 ODP 668 B 2 2 105 107 11.34, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 358.5 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.9 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.65, 21.47, 21.51 3 0.11 21.54 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 23.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.72, 2.88 2.8 set value, +/-3% 0.08 0.08 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.2 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2020 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.20 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2251.91 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.25 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 201.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1635 201.9 15.6 15.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 366.9 NA NA 214.1 16.7 16.7 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171473 ODP 668 B 2 2 130 132 11.59, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 366.9 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.5 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.09, 21.82, 21.36 3 0.43 21.42 normal distribution, standard error 0.43 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 2.88, 3.11 3 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.12 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2021 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.21 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2233.69 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.23 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 214.1 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1636 214.1 16.7 16.7 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 386.4 NA NA 242.3 19.4 19.4 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171474 ODP 668 B 2 3 14 16 11.92, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 386.4 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.58 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.13, 21.45, 20.73, 21.11 4 0.29 21.10 normal distribution, standard error 0.34 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.10, 3.28 3.19 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.125 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2022 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.22 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2218.79 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.19 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 242.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1637 242.3 19.4 19.4 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 409.1 NA NA 297.5 24.9 24.9 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171475 ODP 668 B 2 3 56 58 12.34, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 409.1 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.11 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.54, 20.90, 20.55 3 0.24 20.67 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.61, 3.70 3.66 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.7 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.17 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2023 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.23 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2209.38 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.11 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 297.5 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1638 297.5 24.9 24.9 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 418.8 NA NA 271.1 22.2 22.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171476 ODP 668 B 2 3 70 72 12.48, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 418.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" updated from Hönisch & Hemming (2005) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.55 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.06, 20.44, 21.15, 20.86 4 0.32 20.88 normal distribution, standard error 0.37 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.1 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.48, 3.36 3.42 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.185 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2024 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.24 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2226.64 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.15 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 271.1 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1639 271.1 22.2 22.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Data updated from Hönisch & Hemming 2005. The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 541.6 NA NA 234.8 18.6 18.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 4 94 96 14.20, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 541.6 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.82 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.34, 21.30, 20.98, 21.20 4 0.16 21.20 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.1 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 3.18, 3.09 3.13 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.5 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2025 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.25 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2231.58 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.20 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 234.8 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1640 234.8 18.6 18.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 616.3 NA NA 244.9 19.7 19.7 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 5 37 39 15.12, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 616.3 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.99 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.37, 21.09, 21.20 3 0.16 21.22 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.7 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.62 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.0 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2026 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.26 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2200.67 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.18 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 244.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1641 244.9 19.7 19.7 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 651.0 NA NA 166.9 12.6 12.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 5 73 75 15.48, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 651.0 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 47 2.36 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 22.40, 22.18, 22.28 3 0.13 22.29 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.9 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.08 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.6 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2027 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.27 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2250.32 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.31 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 166.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1642 166.9 12.6 12.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 662.1 NA NA 189.4 14.5 14.5 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 5 80 82 15.55, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 662.1 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.19 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.73, 21.81, 21.97 3 0.14 21.84 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.04 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.6 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2028 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.28 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2233.57 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.27 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 189.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1643 189.4 14.5 14.5 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 675.0 NA NA 211.0 16.4 16.4 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 5 87 89 15.62, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 675.0 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.61 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.71, 21.69, 22.16, 21.29, 21.29 5 0.32 21.63 normal distribution, standard error 0.32 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.7 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.30 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.5 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2029 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.29 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2245.33 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.23 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 211.0 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1644 211.0 16.4 16.4 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 702.2 NA NA 250.4 20.2 20.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 6 14 16 16.38, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 702.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.82 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.50, 20.97, 21.26 3 0.31 21.24 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 27.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.82 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2030 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.30 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2206.42 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.17 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 250.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1645 250.4 20.2 20.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 703.5 NA NA 260.2 21.1 21.1 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 6 25 27 16.49, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 703.5 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.42 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.31, 20.91, 21.01 3 0.24 21.08 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.9 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.69 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2031 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.31 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2207.12 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.16 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 260.2 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1646 260.2 21.1 21.1 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 731.0 NA NA 219.3 17.2 17.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 6 69 71 16.93, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 731.0 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.36 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.75, 21.74, 21.21 3 0.36 21.56 normal distribution, standard error 0.36 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.50 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.3 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2032 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.32 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2226.35 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.22 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 219.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1647 219.3 17.2 17.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 752.4 NA NA 201.4 15.6 15.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 2 6 90 92 17.14, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 752.4 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.33 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 22.05, 21.79, 21.40, 21.41 4 0.32 21.66 normal distribution, standard error 0.32 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.7 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.03 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.5 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2033 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.33 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2246.51 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.25 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 201.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1648 201.4 15.6 15.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 891.9 NA NA 195.3 15.0 15.0 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 1 99 101 19.45, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 891.9 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.75 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.90, 21.82, 21.50, 21.98 4 0.21 21.80 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.0 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.12 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.5 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2034 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.34 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2250.21 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.26 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 195.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1649 195.3 15.0 15.0 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 950.0 NA NA 281.9 23.2 23.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 2 39 41 20.33, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 950.0 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 34 1.77 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.77, 20.84 2 0.07 20.80 normal distribution, standard error 0.58 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.5 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.56 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2035 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.35 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2217.27 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.13 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 281.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1650 281.9 23.2 23.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 952.8 NA NA 308.6 25.9 25.9 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 2 46 48 20.40, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 952.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.22 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.41, 20.65, 20.82 3 0.24 20.63 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 27.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.82 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2036 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.36 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2217.22 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.10 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 308.6 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1651 308.6 25.9 25.9 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1072.8 NA NA 295.3 24.5 24.5 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 3 44 46 21.86, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1072.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.59 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.74 ,20.76, 21.05, 20.17 4 0.37 20.68 normal distribution, standard error 0.37 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.5 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.55 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2037 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.37 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2233.32 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.12 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 295.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1652 295.3 24.5 24.5 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1078.9 NA NA 257.3 20.7 20.7 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 3 51 53 21.93, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1078.9 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 (1.1) Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.19, 21.15, 20.82, 21.16 4 0.17 21.08 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.2 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.46 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.0 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2038 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.38 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2248.63 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.17 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 257.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1653 257.3 20.7 20.7 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1168.3 NA NA 264.5 21.4 21.4 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 4 5 7 22.95, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1168.3 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 33 2.22 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.36, 20.79, 20.81 3 0.37 20.99 normal distribution, standard error 0.37 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.1 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.45 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2039 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.39 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2248.06 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.16 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 264.5 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1654 264.5 21.4 21.4 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1192.4 NA NA 209.0 16.2 16.2 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 4 40 42 23.30, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1192.4 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.99 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.40, 21.90, 21.75 3 0.30 21.68 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.5 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.26 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.3 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2040 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.40 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2271.35 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.24 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 209.0 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1655 209.0 16.2 16.2 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1212.5 NA NA 221.3 17.3 17.3 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 4 68 70 23.58, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1212.5 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.94 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.17, 21.45, 21.63 3 0.27 21.42 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.0 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.10 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.2 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2041 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.41 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2266.43 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.22 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 221.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1656 221.3 17.3 17.3 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1233.3 NA NA 243.6 19.5 19.5 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 4 96 98 23.86, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1233.3 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.4 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.36, 21.25, 20.86 3 0.30 21.16 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.7 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.31 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2042 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.42 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2234.66 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.19 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 243.6 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1657 243.6 19.5 19.5 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1238.7 NA NA 270.4 22.0 22.0 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 4 103 105 23.93, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1238.7 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.97 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.97, 21.00, 20.90 3 0.06 20.96 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.59 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2043 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.43 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2235.05 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.15 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 270.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1658 270.4 22.0 22.0 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1253.0 NA NA 200.6 15.4 15.4 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 4 138 140 24.28, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1253.0 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.02 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.69, 21.86, 21.64 3 0.13 21.73 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.5 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 2.98 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.3 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2044 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.44 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2303.69 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.24 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 200.6 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1659 200.6 15.4 15.4 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1261.7 NA NA 237.7 18.8 18.8 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 5 2 4 24.40, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1261.7 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.22 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.00, 21.56, 21.26 3 0.32 21.27 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.29 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2045 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.45 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2260.87 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.20 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 237.7 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1660 237.7 18.8 18.8 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1353.3 NA NA 283.8 23.4 23.4 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 6 3 5 25.89, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1353.3 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.63 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.38, 20.76, 20.90, 21.17 4 0.33 20.80 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.4 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.53 set value, +/-3% 0.11 0.11 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2046 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.46 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2240.80 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.14 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 283.8 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1661 283.8 23.4 23.4 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1412.7 NA NA 218.4 17.0 17.0 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 3 6 80 82 26.66, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1412.7 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.26 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.37, 21.73, 21.65 3 0.22 21.58 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.29 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.3 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2047 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.47 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2290.54 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.23 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 218.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1662 218.4 17.0 17.0 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1499.2 NA NA 266.4 21.4 21.4 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 1 38 40 28.18, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1499.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 38 2.09 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.32, 20.81, 21.26 3 0.32 21.13 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.3 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.49 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.4 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2048 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.48 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2344.13 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.17 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 266.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1663 266.4 21.4 21.4 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1578.9 NA NA 214.8 16.8 16.8 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 1 66 68 28.46, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1578.9 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 3.1 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.79, 21.52, 21.32 3 0.27 21.54 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.4 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.23 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2049 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.49 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2247.56 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.23 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 214.8 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1664 214.8 16.8 16.8 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1653.0 NA NA 214.3 16.7 16.7 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 2 0 2 29.29, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1653.0 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.41 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.58, 21.68, 21.18 3 0.31 21.48 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.9 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.07 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.3 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2050 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.50 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2247.93 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.23 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 214.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1665 214.3 16.7 16.7 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1666.8 NA NA 218.1 17.0 17.0 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 2 7 9 29.36, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1666.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.67 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.58, 21.41, 21.53, 21.28 4 0.13 21.45 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.0 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.11 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2051 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.51 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2255.50 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.23 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 218.1 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1666 218.1 17.0 17.0 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1673.7 NA NA 271.4 22.1 22.1 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 2 10 12 29.39, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1673.7 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.55 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.73, 20.81, 20.92 3 0.11 20.82 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.2 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.16 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.0 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2052 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.52 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2267.88 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.16 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 271.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1667 271.4 22.1 22.1 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1854.2 NA NA 267.5 21.7 21.7 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 2 105 107 30.34, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1854.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 (0.73) Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.21, 20.26, 20.72, 21.16, 21.38 5 0.41 20.95 normal distribution, standard error 0.41 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.2 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.46 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2053 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.53 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2241.12 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.16 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 267.5 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1668 267.5 21.7 21.7 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1863.8 NA NA 208.3 16.1 16.1 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 2 115 117 30.44, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1863.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.02 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.63, 21.28, 21.56, 22.10, 21.32 5 0.29 21.58 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.5 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 2.96 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.2 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2054 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.54 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2289.60 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.25 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 208.3 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1669 208.3 16.1 16.1 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1931.8 NA NA 296.7 24.6 24.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 25 27 31.03, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1931.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 1.42 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.65, 20.38, 20.94 3 0.32 20.66 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.1 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.44 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.9 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2055 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.55 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2259.03 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.12 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 296.7 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1670 296.7 24.6 24.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The originally published d11B data were corrected by an instrument offset of +1.1‰ to match data collected on the 6" radius of curvature mass spectrometer at SUNY Stony Brook. Because that mass spectrometer is no longer in operation and because ongoing data collection is done on the Triton TIMS at LDEO, Stony Brook d11B data are now all adjusted to the Triton TIMS at LDEO, and data collected at LDEO are listed as measured. boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1946.3 NA NA NA NA NA Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 46 48 31.24, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1946.3 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 33 1.36 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.92, 22.15, 22.16 3 0.16 22.08 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.4 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.24 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.2 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2056 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.56 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2261.59 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA (8.28) seawater scale 0.03 0.03 (182.6) 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1671 (182.6) (13.9) (13.9) square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA outlier based on d18O, as discussed in original paper boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1948.2 NA NA 190.9 14.6 14.6 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 49 51 31.27, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1948.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 46 2.44 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 22.19, 21.69, 22.05 3 0.30 21.99 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.8 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.34 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.2 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2057 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.57 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2267.37 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.27 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 190.9 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1672 190.9 14.6 14.6 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1955.8 NA NA 183.7 14.0 14.0 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 56 58 31.34, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1955.8 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 50 2.45 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.85, 22.08 2 0.23 21.96 normal distribution, standard error 0.58 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.6 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 2.99 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.1 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2058 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.58 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2269.12 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.29 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 183.7 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1673 183.7 14.0 14.0 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 1979.3 NA NA 286.4 23.5 23.5 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 81 83 31.59, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 1979.3 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 (0.8) Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.74, 20.73, 20.69 3 0.03 20.72 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 25.4 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.22 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2059 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.59 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2294.12 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.14 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 286.4 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1674 286.4 23.5 23.5 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 2019.7 NA NA 280.0 22.8 22.8 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 116 118 31.94, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 2019.7 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 30 (0.77) Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 20.54, 20.31, 20.81, 20.80, 21.05 5 0.25 20.70 normal distribution, standard error 0.29 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 24.9 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.09 set value, +/-3% 0.09 0.09 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.8 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0194 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2060 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.60 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2309.82 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.15 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 280.0 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1675 280.0 22.8 22.8 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 2042.2 NA NA NA NA NA Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 130 132 32.08, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 2042.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 20 1.03 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 22.14, 21.31, 21.82, 21.65 4 0.35 21.73 normal distribution, standard error 0.4 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.2 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.46 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.0 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2061 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.61 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2319.19 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA (8.24) seawater scale 0.03 0.03 (202.0) 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1676 (202.0) (15.5) (15.5) square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA outlier based on d18O, as discussed in original paper boron isotopes Hoenisch 2009 10.1126/science.1171477 2048.2 NA NA 238.2 18.9 18.9 Bärbel Hönisch hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu Hönisch, B., Hemming, N.G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., McManus, J.F., 2009, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration over the Mid Pleistocene Transition, Science 324, p. 1551-1554. 10.1126/science.1171477 ODP 668 B 4 3 133 135 32.11, CSF-A NA NA eastern equatorial Atlantic 4.77 -20.93 NA NA -2693.5 NA NA based on planktic d18O, Holocene is missing 2048.2 NA NA NA Pleistocene "tuned to LR04 benthic oxygen isotope stack (L. E. Lisiecki, M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 20, 10.1029/2004PA001071 (2005))" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Globigerinoides sacculifer for d11B, Globigerinoides ruber for Mg/Ca 515-865 18 0.95 Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. N/A N-TIMS, Triton 21.70, 21.49, 21.61 3 0.12 21.60 normal distribution, standard error 0.33 NA NA NA -4.2‰ NA NA Hönisch, B. and Hemming, N. G., 2005. Surface ocean pH response to variations in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 305-314. unlike newer d11B-calcite vs. d11B-borate calibrations, this one is based on the d11B-G. sacculifer vs. pH calibration of Sanyal et al. (2001), corrected for instrument offsets and gametogenic calcite NA NA NA NA N 50 NA NA 26.2 based on +/- 3% of measured Mg/Ca value, see column BP 0.33 0.34 NA 3.48 set value, +/-3% 0.10 0.10 Mg/Ca=0.38 exp 0.09 * (SST-0.61*core depth km) "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" "see sensitivity test in Hönisch et al. (2009), following B. Kisaku¨rek, A. Eisenhauer, F. Böhm, D. Garbe-Schönberg, J. Erez, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 260 (2008)." NA "P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000200 (2002)" NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 36.0 +/- range based on on uncertainty of continental ice volume as determined by Waelbroeck et al. (2002) 0.06 modulated local modern salinity=35.7‰ with paleo-sealevel estimates of Waelbroeck et al. (2002): Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (1–3), assuming average ocean salinity of 34.8‰ and average ocean depth=3800m modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 modern NA NA as defined in CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2007 416 NA NA Uppstrom, Leif, Deep-Sea Research 21:161-162, 1974. 39.5 NA NA "SPIVACK A. J. and EDMOND J. M. ( 1987) Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1033-1043." A. G. Dickson, Deep-Sea Res. 37, 755 (1990). F. Millero, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 661-677, 1995. 1.0193 NA NA Kakihana & Kotaka (1977) alpha = 1.0206-0.000049205*T (°C) Kakihana et al. (1977), Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. 50, No. 1, p. 158-163. CO2sys_macro_MAC, 2062 Weiss, R. F., Marine Chemistry 2:203-215, 1974. "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." "Mehrbach et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 18 (1973) 897– 907; refit after Dickson & Millero, Deep-Sea Res. 34 (1987) 1733– 1743." Dickson, Chem. Thermodyn. 22 (1990) 113– 127. NA NA total alkalinity modeled by Clark et al. (2006) and scaled to local alkalinity at the core site using equation AT-t=2366 µmol/kg - global AT-t0 + global AT-t * St/35.62 P.U. Clark et al. (2006), Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, p. 3150-3184. 2265.33 normal distribution 54 54 NA NA NA NA 8.22 seawater scale 0.03 0.03 238.2 0 T. Takahashi et al. (2002), Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, p. 1601-1677 238.2 18.9 18.9 square root of the sum of the squared individual pCO2 uncertainties d11B-calcite, temperature, salinity, alkalinity (used only 1se in original calculation) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA