# Paleo-pCO2 Database Paleogene C3 Plants pCO2 Calibration Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24290 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/land_plant_d13c_1_cui_2016.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-05-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-10-19 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Paleogene C3 Plants pCO2 Calibration Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cui, Y.; Schubert, B.A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Calibration of Paleo-CO2 estimation from Paleogene C3 plants, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # File updated October 2022 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Ying Cui, Brian A. Schubert # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-01-01 # Published_Title: Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation # Journal_Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta # Volume: 172 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 127-138 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703715005694 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Knowledge of the past concentrations of atmospheric CO2 level (pCO2) is critical to understanding climate sensitivity to changing pCO2. Towards this, a new proxy for pCO2 has been developed based on changes in carbon isotope fractionation (D13C) in C3 land plants. The accuracy of this approach has been validated against ice-core pCO2 records, suggesting the potential to apply this proxy to other geological periods; however, no thorough uncertainty assessment of the proxy has been conducted. Here, we first analyze the uncertainty in the model-curve fit through the experimental data using a bootstrap approach. Then, errors of the five input parameters for the proxy are evaluated using sensitivity analysis; these include the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 (d13CCO2) and that of the plant material (d13Corg) for two time periods, a reference time (t = 0) and the time period of interest (t), and the value of pCO2 at time t = 0. We then propagated the errors on the reconstructed pCO2 using a Monte Carlo random sampling approach that combined the uncertainties of the curve fitting and the five inputs for a scenario in which the reference time was the Holocene with a target period for the reconstructed pCO2 during the Cenozoic. We find that the error in the reconstructed pCO2(t) increases with increasing pCO2(t), yet remains <122% (positive error) and <40% (negative error) for pCO2(t) < 1000 ppmv. The error assessment suggests that it can be used with confidence for much of the Cenozoic and perhaps the majority of the last 400 million years, which is characterized by pCO2 levels generally less than 1000 ppmv. Towards this, an application of this uncertainty analysis is presented for the Paleogene (52-63 Ma) using published data. The resulting pCO2(t) levels calculated using this method average 470 +288/-147 ppmv (1sigma, n = 75), and overlap with previous pCO2(t) estimates determined for this time period using stomata, liverwort, and paleosol proxies. The analysis presented here assumes that the paleoenvironment in which the plants grew is unknown and is determined to be the largest source of error in the reconstructed pCO2(t) levels; errors in pCO2(t) could be reduced provided independent determination of the paleoenvironmental conditions at the fossil site. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US Department of Energy # Grant: DE-FG02-13ER16412 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Global # Location: Global # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -90 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Cui2016C3 # Earliest_Year: 63000000 # Most_Recent_Year: 52980000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty_neg_ppm Name of person entering data Contact email address reference of the data product Publication Year DOI Additional publications that are part of the dataset Explanation for each additional publications link to the dataset Sample ID Rock formation name Modern Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Modern Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Paleo Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Paleo Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) stratigraphic level (m) Age (Ma) Age_max (Ma) Age_min (Ma) Reference(s) for age d13COM, t (‰) d13COM, t uncertainty ±1s (‰ PDB) n d13COM, t (number of analyses) Reference(s) for d13COM, t d13Catm, t=0 (‰ PDB) d13Catm, t=0 uncertainty ±1s (‰ PDB) n d13Catm, t=0 (number of replicate analyses) reference for d13Catm, t=0 d13COM, t=0 (‰ PDB) d13COM, t=0 uncertainty ±1s (‰ PDB) n d13COM, t=0 (number of replicate analyses) reference for d13COM, t=0 d13Catm, t (‰ PDB) d13Catm, t uncertainty ±2s (‰ PDB) n d13Catm, t (number of replicate analyses) reference for d13Catm, t pCO2, t=0 (ppmv) pCO2, t=0 uncertainty ± 1s (ppmv) reference for pCO2, t=0 Type of OM substrates Bulk organic matter or n-alkanes etc. Chain length if n-alkanes reference on OM substrates Mean Annual Precipitation mm/yr Mean Annual Precipitation_uncertainty_pos mm/yr Mean Annual Precipitation_uncertainty_neg mm/yr Method for MAP estimates reference on MAP A (unitless) A uncertainty ± 1s B (unitless) B uncertainty ± 1s C (unitless) C uncertainty ± 1s Atmospheric CO2 ppmV Atmospheric CO2_max ppmV Atmospheric CO2_min ppmV Atmopsheric CO2_97.5 percentile ppmV Atmopsheric CO2_2.5 percentile ppmV Reference for CO2 determination notes land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 433.3496535 229.2000084 129.2632048 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.8 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 433.3496535 662.5496619 304.0864487 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 592.6647057 426.9991013 196.0384104 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -28.1 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 592.6647057 1019.663807 396.6262953 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 583.1490706 409.7744392 191.8865583 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -28 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 583.1490706 992.9235098 391.2625123 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 511.184517 308.2739054 160.002436 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.5 0.2 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 511.184517 819.4584224 351.182081 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 511.9720179 319.0222653 164.0402766 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.5 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 511.9720179 830.9942832 347.9317413 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 501.0084178 302.0889566 156.6334609 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.4 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 501.0084178 803.0973744 344.3749569 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 563.6415073 386.1214716 187.3477679 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.9 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 563.6415073 949.7629789 376.2937394 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 550.3560152 362.7900322 177.3215236 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.8 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 550.3560152 913.1460474 373.0344916 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 534.4022242 352.9533636 173.6998711 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.7 0.3 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 534.4022242 887.3555878 360.7023531 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 52980 NA NA 614.2363528 468.3940052 205.4798358 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Fifteenmile Creek Willwood 44.2 -108.5 NA NA 700 52.98 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -28.2 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.835 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 114 49 34 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 614.2363528 1082.630358 408.756517 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 369.5992995 170.8978626 104.798332 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.7 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 369.5992995 540.4971621 264.8009675 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 472.8343539 278.2561427 146.4711854 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.8 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 472.8343539 751.0904966 326.3631685 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 339.693001 160.054071 94.65618 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.3 0.3 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 339.693001 499.747072 245.036821 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 404.4457956 207.3674606 123.1761556 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.1 0.3 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 404.4457956 611.8132562 281.26964 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 439.9502094 238.9103284 132.0323203 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.5 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 439.9502094 678.8605378 307.9178891 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 429.9330465 235.9124472 129.0364298 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.4 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 429.9330465 665.8454937 300.8966167 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 338.9504488 156.8431078 93.0218182 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.3 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 338.9504488 495.7935566 245.9286306 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 470.1168087 274.9750565 142.7879114 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.8 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 470.1168087 745.0918652 327.3288973 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 350.9171674 165.8256312 98.5515641 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.5 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 350.9171674 516.7427986 252.3656033 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 54370 NA NA 421.1095454 226.0554314 123.1505433 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Dorsey Creek Fence Willwood 44.34 -108.24 NA NA 353 54.37 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.3 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.448571429 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 132 57 40 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 421.1095454 647.1649768 297.9590021 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 514.1458424 315.4784912 165.4068724 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.2 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 514.1458424 829.6243336 348.73897 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 554.4873267 374.1751021 184.0815963 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.5 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 554.4873267 928.6624288 370.4057304 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 593.3547621 436.8319969 200.7025657 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.8 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 593.3547621 1030.186759 392.6521964 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 550.0560817 379.1082553 176.089488 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.5 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 550.0560817 929.164337 373.9665937 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 567.6292366 377.4396505 187.1163181 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.6 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 567.6292366 945.0688871 380.5129185 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 637.2909608 475.6987692 220.6016333 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 637.2909608 1112.98973 416.6893275 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 588.1071126 417.6748714 194.3610114 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.7 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 588.1071126 1005.781984 393.7461012 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 553.8838116 366.6360412 180.5494497 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.5 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 553.8838116 920.5198528 373.3343619 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 692.1278758 594.9328162 242.5439027 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.3 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 692.1278758 1287.060692 449.5839731 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 55340 NA NA 612.8363699 449.4605241 207.312276 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) WCS7 Willwood 44.29 -108.05 NA NA 112 55.34 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.9 0.2 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.495 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 612.8363699 1062.296894 405.5240939 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56040 NA NA 611.8346395 450.5687875 204.5947355 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Latest Paleocene Fort Union 44.04 -107.65 NA NA 7.5 m below CIE 56.04 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.6 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.22 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 611.8346395 1062.403427 407.239904 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56040 NA NA 481.7099698 281.8513517 147.8172612 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Latest Paleocene Fort Union 44.04 -107.65 NA NA 7.5 m below CIE 56.04 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.7 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.22 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 481.7099698 763.5613215 333.8927086 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56040 NA NA 544.0681874 368.6099454 175.8236086 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Latest Paleocene Fort Union 44.04 -107.65 NA NA 7.5 m below CIE 56.04 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.2 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.22 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 544.0681874 912.6781328 368.2445788 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56040 NA NA 530.9504383 346.7620305 167.7370019 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Latest Paleocene Fort Union 44.04 -107.65 NA NA 7.5 m below CIE 56.04 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.1 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.22 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 530.9504383 877.7124688 363.2134364 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56040 NA NA 503.7898447 320.7782927 157.4322884 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Latest Paleocene Fort Union 44.04 -107.65 NA NA 7.5 m below CIE 56.04 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.9 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.22 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 503.7898447 824.5681374 346.3575563 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56100 NA NA 503.4381401 302.110675 153.7392666 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Honeycombs Fort Union 43.9 -107.6 NA NA 13 m below CIE 56.1 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.9 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.251428571 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 503.4381401 805.5488151 349.6988735 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56100 NA NA 465.7825801 270.2991063 141.644751 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Honeycombs Fort Union 43.9 -107.6 NA NA 13 m below CIE 56.1 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.6 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.251428571 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 465.7825801 736.0816864 324.1378291 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56100 NA NA 673.6227457 552.9498023 236.4732713 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Honeycombs Fort Union 43.9 -107.6 NA NA 13 m below CIE 56.1 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.251428571 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 673.6227457 1226.572548 437.1494744 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56100 NA NA 837.758058 833.722298 315.0169951 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Honeycombs Fort Union 43.9 -107.6 NA NA 13 m below CIE 56.1 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -27.7 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.251428571 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 837.758058 1671.480356 522.7410629 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 56100 NA NA 657.5444991 504.1440849 227.9864442 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Honeycombs Fort Union 43.9 -107.6 NA NA 13 m below CIE 56.1 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.9 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.251428571 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 173 75 52 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 657.5444991 1161.688584 429.5580549 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 592.191827 414.611391 199.6485465 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.2 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 592.191827 1006.803218 392.5432805 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 505.9567617 323.6972043 158.4843477 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.6 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 505.9567617 829.653966 347.472414 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 482.3780812 274.2722155 148.056007 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.4 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 482.3780812 756.6502967 334.3220742 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 492.2507467 301.7579616 152.4933332 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.5 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 492.2507467 794.0087083 339.7574135 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 565.5295788 384.6202982 187.6364901 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 565.5295788 950.149877 377.8930887 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 472.8598041 271.7887696 145.9838988 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.3 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 472.8598041 744.6485737 326.8759053 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 320.3643435 137.6404282 87.6475285 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -23.5 0.2 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 320.3643435 458.0047717 232.716815 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 456.8909338 273.4844807 138.2948583 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.2 0.2 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 456.8909338 730.3754145 318.5960755 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 556.2112933 400.6301229 182.5209977 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 556.2112933 956.8414162 373.6902956 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 57390 NA NA 496.7347114 294.6991118 157.3804992 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Cf-1 Fort Union 44.85 -108.88 NA NA 429 m 57.39 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.5 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -3.9332 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 109 47 33 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 496.7347114 791.4338232 339.3542122 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 442.006077 237.8454002 135.2477971 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.9 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 442.006077 679.8514772 306.7582799 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 372.0351307 175.310941 110.0507514 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.1 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 372.0351307 547.3460717 261.9843793 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 473.6585626 278.0029471 144.3421456 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.2 0.2 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 473.6585626 751.6615097 329.316417 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 434.7650088 235.8479574 129.9972066 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.8 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 434.7650088 670.6129662 304.7678022 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 316.8960072 138.1404068 86.4926573 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.4 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 316.8960072 455.036414 230.4033499 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 330.8594436 147.3472399 92.4690232 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.6 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 330.8594436 478.2066835 238.3904204 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 481.1446642 291.7872062 149.1160884 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -26.3 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 481.1446642 772.9318704 332.0285758 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 403.2907227 205.1407131 117.8900964 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.5 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 403.2907227 608.4314358 285.4006263 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 430.0568064 231.2981966 127.3598207 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.8 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 430.0568064 661.355003 302.6969857 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 59390 300 300 361.5614748 167.4723614 100.3173124 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Belt Ash Fort Union 44.87 -108.75 NA NA 351 m 59.39 59.69 59.09 Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -4.840769231 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 52 36 leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 361.5614748 529.0338362 261.2441624 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 317.9064307 142.7892092 87.852893 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.7 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 317.9064307 460.6956399 230.0535377 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 390.8237209 196.9871677 112.4490901 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.7 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 390.8237209 587.8108886 278.3746308 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 323.9114034 145.5536374 90.5538181 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.8 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 323.9114034 469.4650408 233.3575853 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 346.5937425 157.0362072 97.2110717 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.1 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 346.5937425 503.6299497 249.3826708 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 324.1765532 143.2383886 89.5774369 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.8 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 324.1765532 467.4149418 234.5991163 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 320.1809417 145.3328217 87.216115 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.8 0.3 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 320.1809417 465.5137634 232.9648267 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 323.6108613 139.5231518 88.9350713 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.8 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 323.6108613 463.1340131 234.67579 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 374.7006835 182.386904 108.1899416 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.5 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 374.7006835 557.0875875 266.5107419 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 331.5068628 149.7280682 91.7163916 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.9 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 331.5068628 481.234931 239.7904712 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 366.0313397 169.5463094 105.6361522 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.4 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 366.0313397 535.5776491 260.3951875 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 351.8227309 163.4246134 98.5055985 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.2 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 351.8227309 515.2473443 253.3171324 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 351.7804522 164.3647169 99.3683189 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.2 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 351.7804522 516.1451691 252.4121333 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 324.8790393 142.5381712 89.9193495 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.8 0.1 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 324.8790393 467.4172105 234.9596898 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 331.8307442 142.7300885 93.7913575 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -24.9 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 331.8307442 474.5608327 238.0393867 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile land_plant_d13C_1 Cui 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 63000 NA NA 352.2351443 157.4785203 101.5360973 Ying Cui cuiy@montclair.edu Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2016. Quantifying uncertainty of past pCO2 determined from changes in C3 plant carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 172, 127-138. 2016 10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.032 Cui, Y., Schubert, B.A., 2017. Atmospheric pCO2 reconstructed across five early Eocene global warming events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 225-233. Figure 4 in Cui and Schubert (2017) cited the results from Cui and Schubert (2016) Grimy Gulch Fort Union 44.89 -108.74 NA NA 56 m 63 NA NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -25.2 0 NA Diefendorf, A.F., Freeman, K.H., Wing, S.L., Currano, E.D., Mueller, K.E., 2015. Paleogene plants fractionated carbon isotopes similar to modern plants. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 429, 33-44. -6.4 0.1 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Schmitt, J., Schneider, R., Elsig, J., Leuenberger, D., Lourantou, A., Chappellaz, J., Köhler, P., Joos, F., Stocker, T.F., Leuenberger, M., 2012. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711-714. -25.0742 1.6 NA Schubert, B.A., Jahren, A.H., 2015. Global increase in plant carbon isotope fractionation following the Last Glacial Maximum caused by increase in atmospheric pCO2. Geology 43, 435-438. Kohn, M.J., 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19691-19695. -5.169193548 0.5 NA Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., Pagani, M., 2010. Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography 25, PA3202. 270 7 Kawamura, K., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Fujii, Y., Watanabe, O., 2007. Dome Fuji Ice Core 338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 Data, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. bulk organic matter NA NA 120 NA NA leaf-area analysis of previously collected leaf specimens and their associated errors Currano et al. (2008, 2010) 28.26 0 0.2232647 0.0278697 (4.4*A)/((A-4.4)*B) Monte Carlo Propagated 352.2351443 509.7136646 250.699047 NA NA Cui and Schubert (2016) pCO2 uncertainties are 16th and 84th percentile