# Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Paleocene Multiproxy CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26130 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018liverwort.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-02-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Paleocene Multiproxy CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Kowalczyk, J.B.; Royer, D.L. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Multiproxy paleo-CO2 data from Kowalczyk et al. 2018, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # # Additional references: # Fletcher, B.J., Beerling, D.J., and Chaloner, W., 2004, Stable carbon isotopes and the metabolism of the terrestrial Devonian organism Spongiophyton: Geobiology, v. 2, p. 107-119. # Fletcher, B.J., Beerling, D.J., Brentnall, S.J., and Royer, D.L., 2005, Fossil bryophytes as recorders of ancient CO2 levels: experimental evidence and a Cretaceous case study: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 19, GB3012. # Fletcher, B.J., Brentnall, S.J., Quick, W.P., and Beerling, D. J., 2006, BRYOCARB: A process-based model of thallose liverwort carbon isotope fractionation in response to CO2, O2, light and temperature: Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, v. 70, p. 5676-5691. # Fletcher, B. J., Brentnall, S. J., Anderson, C. W., Berner, R. A., and Beerling, D. J., 2008, Atmospheric carbon dioxide linked with Mesozoic and early Cenozoic climate change: Nature Geoscience, v. 1, p. 43-48. # Royer, D.L., Donnadieu, Y., Park, J., Kowalczyk, J., and Godderis, Y., 2014, Error analysis of CO2 and O2 estimates from the long-term geochemical model GEOCARBSULF: American Journal of Science, v. 314, p. 1259-1283. # Tipple, B.J., Meyers, S.R., and Pagani, M., 2010, Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies: Paleoceanography, v. 25, p. PA3202. # van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., de Groot, L.V., van Schaik, S.J., Sluijs, A., Bijl, P.K., Spakman, W., Langereis, C.G., and Brinkhuis, H., 2015, A paleolatitude calculator for paleoclimate studies: PLOS ONE, v. 10, e0126946. # #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Jennifer B. Kowalczyk, Dana L. Royer, Ian M. Miller, Clive W. Anderson, David J. Beerling, Peter J. Franks, Michaela Grein, Wilfried Konrad, Anita Roth-Nebelsick, Samuel A. Bowring, Kirk R. Johnson, Jahandar Ramezani # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-12-01 # Published_Title: Multiple Proxy Estimates of Atmospheric CO2 From an Early Paleocene Rainforest # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 33 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: 1427-1438 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2018PA003356 # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018PA003356 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 are necessary to reconstruct Earth's climate history. Confidence in paleo-CO2 estimates can be increased by comparing results from multiple proxies at a single site, but so far this strategy has been implemented only for marine-based techniques. Here we present CO2 estimates for the well-studied early Paleocene Castle Rock site in Colorado using four paleobotanical proxies. Median estimates range from 470 to 813 ppm, demonstrating fair correspondence. The synthesis yields a median of 616 ppm (352-1110 ppm at 95% confidence), considerably higher than previous early Paleocene CO2 estimates (~300 ppm). Ash bed geochronology by the high-precision U-Pb method places the Castle Rock assemblage at 63.844 ± 0.097 Ma (fully propagated 2sigma error). When these results are placed into the broader context of other Cenozoic CO2 estimates from plant-gas-exchange approaches and coeval estimates of global mean surface temperature, a pattern emerges of an Earth system sensitivity around 3C per CO2 doubling during the Paleocene and Eocene, a time with little land ice, then steepening to >7C after the Eocene once land ice was present on Antarctica. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Castle Rock # Location: North America>United States Of America>Colorado # Country: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 39.38 # Southernmost_Latitude: 39.38 # Easternmost_Longitude: -104.85 # Westernmost_Longitude: -104.85 # Elevation: 1897 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Kowalczyk2018Liverwort # Earliest_Year: 64000000 # Most_Recent_Year: 63600000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # "INPUT PARAMETERS (see Kowalczyk et al. 2018 for details): The ""_err"" input should be +/-1 standard error of the mean. If this value is unknown, the error can be estimated as some fraction of the mean (e.g., 5%)." References: "Fletcher, B. J., Beerling, D. J., and Chaloner, W., 2004, Stable carbon isotopes and the metabolism of the terrestrial Devonian organism Spongiophyton: Geobiology, v. 2, p. 107-119." "Fletcher, B. J., Beerling, D. J., Brentnall, S. J., and Royer, D. L., 2005, Fossil bryophytes as recorders of ancient CO2 levels: experimental evidence and a Cretaceous case study: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 19, GB3012." "Fletcher, B. J., Brentnall, S. J., Quick, W. P., and Beerling, D. J., 2006, BRYOCARB: A process-based model of thallose liverwort carbon isotope fractionation in response to CO2, O2, light and temperature: Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, v. 70, p. 5676-5691." "Fletcher, B. J., Brentnall, S. J., Anderson, C. W., Berner, R. A., and Beerling, D. J., 2008, Atmospheric carbon dioxide linked with Mesozoic and early Cenozoic climate change: Nature Geoscience, v. 1, p. 43-48." "Kowalczyk, J. B., Royer, D. L., Miller, I. M., Anderson, C. W., Beerling, D. J., Franks, P. J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S. A., Johnson, K. R., and Ramezani, J., 2018, Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438." "Royer, D. L., Donnadieu, Y., Park, J., Kowalczyk, J., and Godderis, Y., 2014, Error analysis of CO2 and O2 estimates from the long-term geochemical model GEOCARBSULF: American Journal of Science, v. 314, p. 1259-1283." "Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., and Pagani, M., 2010, Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies: Paleoceanography, v. 25, p. PA3202." "van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., de Groot, L. V., van Schaik, S. J., Sluijs, A., Bijl, P. K., Spakman, W., Langereis, C. G., and Brinkhuis, H., 2015, A paleolatitude calculator for paleoclimate studies: PLOS ONE, v. 10, e0126946." measured carbon isotope composition of liverwort tissue (per mil) standard error on above (per mil) sample size and/or description for calculating d13Cpl. "correction to be applied to d13Cpl for diagenesis (per mil) (e.g., Fletcher et al., 2004)" uncertainty on above (per mil) sample size and/or description for calculating diag_err. "atmospheric CO2 carbon isotope composition (per mil) (e.g., Tipple et al., 2010)" uncertainty on above (per mil) sample size and/or description for calculating d13Catm_err. correction to be applied to d13Catm for canopy effects (per mil). Should be 0 for open environments. uncertainty on above (per mil) sample size and/or description for calculating d13Catm_corr_err. slope of linear Ca-resistance relation (m^2 s/mol/ppm); see Table S3 in Fletcher et al. (2008): the first column is appropriate for liverworts with pores and the second column for liverworts without pores uncertainty on above (m^2 s/mol/ppm) sample size and/or description for calculating p1_err. y-intercept of linear Ca-resistance relation (m^2 s/mol); see Table S3 in Fletcher et al. (2008): the first column is appropriate for liverworts with pores and the second column for liverworts without pores uncertainty on above (m^2 s/mol) sample size and/or description for calculating p0_err. maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (umol/m^2/s); see Table S3 in Fletcher et al. (2008): the first column is appropriate for liverworts with pores and the second column for liverworts without pores uncertainty on above (umol/m^2/s) sample size and/or description for calculating vm_err. dark respiration rate (umol/m^2/s); see Table S3 in Fletcher et al. (2008): the first column is appropriate for liverworts with pores and the second column for liverworts without pores uncertainty on above (umol/m^2/s) sample size and/or description for calculating rd_err. estimate of paleotemperature (K) uncertainty on above (K) sample size and/or description for calculating temp_err. "paleo-atmospheric oxygen concentration (ppm) (e.g., Royer et al., 2014)" uncertainty on above (ppm) sample size and/or description for calculating o2_err. age of liverwort (Myrs) uncertainty on above (Myrs) "paleolatitude of liverwort's growth site (decimal degrees) (e.g., van Hinsbergen et al., 2015)" uncertainty on above (degrees) estimate of average cloud cover (unitless) uncertainty on above sample size and/or description for calculating cloud_err. estimate of Leaf Area Index (unitless) uncertainty on above sample size and/or description for calculating LAI_err. "attenuation coefficient, k (unitless)" uncertainty on above sample size and/or description for calculating atten_err. proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka pCO2_µatm pCO2_uncertainty_pos_µatm pCO2_uncertainty__neg_µatm person who entered data date of data entry general notes Citation doi "Sample name" Family Genus Species "Sample repository" "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Estimated CO2 (ppm) CO2 type CO2 low (ppm) CO2 high (ppm) What is the uncertainty range? What is the distribution of the uncertainties? d13Cpl d13Cpl_err N_d13Cpl_err diag_corr diag_err N_diag_err d13Catm d13Catm_err N_d13Catm_err d13Catm_corr d13Catm_corr_err N_d13Catm_corr_err p1 p1_err N_p1_err p0 p0_err N_p0_err vm vm_err N_vm_err rd rd_err N_rd_err temp temp_err N_temp_err o2 o2_err N_o2_err age age_err latitude lat_err cloud cloud_err N_cloud_err LAI LAI_err N_LAI_err attenuation atten_err N_atten_err liverwort Kowalczyk 2018 10.1029/2018PA003356 63800 200 200 813 592 304 Dana L. Royer Feb-19 N/A "Kowalczyk, J. B., Royer, D. L., Miller, I. M., Anderson, C. W., Beerling, D. J., Franks, P. J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S. A., Johnson, K. R., and Ramezani, J., 2018, Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438." 10.1029/2018PA003356 DMNH 34392 Marchantiaceae Marchantia N/A Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver Formation "Castle Rock flora; near the top of the ""D1"" sequence" 63.8 64 63.6 GTS2012 Radiometric dating; see Kowalcyzk supplement for details 39.38 -104.85 813 median 509 1405 "2.5 and 97.5 percentiles; estimated CO2 is the mean of the ""with pores"" and ""no pores"" model medians because the taxonomy of the fossil is unknown; the percentiles comes from the ""with pores"" model because they are wider than that from the ""no pores"" model" right skewed -29.28 0.02 2 measurements on a single fossil -2.35 0.57 see Kowalczyk et al. (2018) -5 0.3 "Age model of Tipple et al. (2010, Paleoceanography, v. 25, PA3202)" -1.5 0 see Kowalczyk et al. (2018) 0.011 5.20E-04 Taken from Fletcher et al. (2008) 28.39 0.49 Taken from Fletcher et al. (2008) 22.86 1.81 N/A 0.36 0.11 Taken from Fletcher et al. (2008) 294.95 1.5 see Kowalczyk et al. (2018) 230000 8000 Royer et al. (2014) 63.8 0 44.29 0 0.55 0 taken from Fletcher et al. (2008) 3.95 0 see Kowalczyk et al. (2018) 0.5 0 taken from Fletcher et al. (2008)