# Paleo-pCO2 Database Western USA Miocene Paleosol CO2 Uncertainty Estimation 
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
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#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25030
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# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/breecker2014paleosol.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
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# Archive: Climate Forcing
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2018-08-28
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2020-02-25
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Western USA Miocene Paleosol CO2 Uncertainty Estimation
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Breecker, D.O.; Retallack, G.J.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Carbon isotope (d13C) data and CO2 estimate uncertainty evaluations for Miocene paleosols from the western United States, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. 
#	File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format
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# Publication 
#	Authors: D.O. Breecker, G.J. Retallack
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-07-15
#	Published_Title: Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2
#	Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
#	Volume: 406
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 1-8
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012
#	Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214001953
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Quantifying uncertainty is essential for any paleoenvironmental proxy. Recent work on propagating error through the equation used to determine atmospheric CO2 concentrations from paleosol carbonates yields conflicting results. Small magnitude uncertainty from Gaussian error propagation contrasts with larger magnitude uncertainty from Monte Carlo error propagation. The discrepancy is reconciled here by revising partial differential equations for the Gaussian approach. Uncertainties calculated using the two approaches are compared and applied to Miocene calcic paleosols. Monte Carlo-propagated errors are asymmetrical but otherwise agree with Gaussian errors. Three methods for assigning soil-respired CO2 concentrations (S(z)) to paleosols are also compared. A revised calibration of depth to the Bk horizon as a direct proxy for S(z) is presented and although it results in lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations than the original calibration, it results in significantly higher calculated atmospheric CO2 than the use of mean annual precipitation as a proxy for S(z) or assigning S(z) values based on soil order. Averaging atmospheric CO2 concentrations calculated using soil-order based S(z) values from > 10 penecontemporaenous and independent paleosols will likely result in useful constraints on Earth system sensitivity. The improvement of proxies for S(z) is needed to increase the accuracy and precision and to resolve potential volatility in CO2 time series.
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# Funding_Agency 
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#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Ogallala Formation
#	Location: North America>United States Of America>Texas
#	Country: United States Of America
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 41.5
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 34.9
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -100
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -103.1
# 	Elevation:   
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Breecker2014paleosol
#	Earliest_Year: 23000000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 5500000
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
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#	Notes: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
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# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
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										Data Sources							Contextual Information									Measured Values																																								Derived Values																								Other measurements/observations														CO2 estimates										
proxy	first_author_last_name	publication_year	doi	age_ka	Age_uncertainty_pos_ka	Age_uncertainty_neg_ka	CO2_ppmV	CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppmV	CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppmV	Name	Contact	Citation	Publication Year	DOI	Additional citations/doi	Explanation of additional citations/doi	Sample ID	Rock formation name	Site latitude	Site longitude	Stratigraphic level	Age	Age_max	Age_min	Reference(s) for age	d13Ccc	d13Ccc uncertainty	n d13Ccc	Reference for d13Ccc	d13Coccluded om	d13Coccluded om uncertainty	n d13Coccluded om	d13Cbulk paleosol om	d13Cbulk paleosol om uncertainty	n d13Cbulk paleosol om	Reference for d13Com	D47	D47 uncertainty	n D47	Reference for D47 analytical method and corrections	Depth to carbonate horizon	Burial Depth	SiO2	SiO2 uncertainty	TiO2	TiO2 uncertainty	Al2O3	Al2O3 uncertainty	Fe2O3	Fe2O3 uncertainty	MnO	MnO uncertainty	MgO	MgO uncertainty	CaO	CaO uncertainty	Na2O	Na2O uncertainty	K2O	K2O uncertainty	P2O5	P2O5 uncertainty	ZrO2	ZrO2 uncertainty	n geochemical analyses	d13Cr	d13Cr approach	d13Cr reference(s)	d13Cr uncertainty	d13Ca	d13Ca approach	d13Ca reference(s)	d13Ca uncertainty	Temperature of calcium carbonate formation	Temperature estimation approach	Temperature uncertainty	Reference for D47 - temperature calibration	Reference(s) for other temperature approach	d13Cs	d13Cs reference(s)	d13Cs uncertainty	Uncompacted depth to carbonate horizon	Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP)	MAP uncertainty	MAP approach	MAP reference(s)	"Component of soil pore space CO2 from respiraiton, i.e. S(z)"	S(z) approach	S(z) uncertainty	Soil horizon for calcium carbonate	Soil order	Soil depth	Depth of carbonte sample in horizon	Soil texture (Grain size)	Carbonate type	Calcite spar (large crystals) avoided?	Soil horizon for organic matter	Depth of om sample in soil horizon	Organic matter type	Method of removal of calcium carbonate prior to om analysis	Defining features for soil order designation	Analyzed for bulk geochemistry?	Bulk geochem type	Atmospheric CO2 mean	Atmospheric CO2 median	Atmospheric CO2 uncertainty	Atmopsheric CO2_97.5 percentile	Atmopsheric CO2_2.5 percentile	error propagation method	variables considered in error propagation	Notes			
								reported + error in original publication in ppm	reported - error in original publication	Name of person entering data	email address	published reference of data	Year of publication	DOI link to reference	Additional publications that are part of the  dataset	Explanation for each additional publications link to the dataset					(m)	(Ma)	(Ma)	(Ma)		(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰)			(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰)		(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰)			(‰)	±2s (‰)			(cm)	(m)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)		(‰ PDB)			(‰ PDB)	(‰ PDB)			(‰ PDB)	(°C)		"(°C, 1 s.e.)"			(‰ PDB)			(cm)	(mm)	(mm)			ppm		ppm	"A, B, C, etc."		(cm)	(cm)		"e.g., nodules, rhizoliths, clast coatings"	Yes/No	"A, B, C, etc."					Yes/No	which elements were measured?	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV						
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	5500	NA	NA	215	820	181	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Cotton, J. M., & Sheldon, N. D. (2012). New constraints on using paleosols to reconstruct atmospheric p CO2. Bulletin, 124(9-10), 1411-1423."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	NA	"Beaverhead locality, Sixmile Creek"	45.436oN	112.443oW	NA	5.50	NA	NA	"Hoffman, D. S. (1971). Tertiary stratigraphy, vertebrate paleontology and paleoecology of a portion of the lower Beaverhead River basin. Madison and Beaverhead counties, Montana [Ph. D. Dissertation]: Missoula, University of Montana, Kuenzi, W. D., & Fields, R. W. (1971). Tertiary stratigraphy, structure, and geologic history, Jefferson Basin, Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82(12), 3373-3394."	-6.0	0.1	4	"Cotton, J. M., & Sheldon, N. D. (2012). New constraints on using paleosols to reconstruct atmospheric p CO2. Bulletin, 124(9-10), 1411-1423."	-22.7	1.0	4	NA	NA	NA	"Cotton, J. M., & Sheldon, N. D. (2012). New constraints on using paleosols to reconstruct atmospheric p CO2. Bulletin, 124(9-10), 1411-1423."	NA	NA	NA	NA	36	370	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-23.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.2	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	23	"from MAT reported by Retallack, G. J. (2007). Cenozoic paleoclimate on land in North America. The Journal of Geology, 115(3), 271-294."	4.4	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-15.1	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	56 - 200	NA	"silt, silty clay, fine sand"	nodules	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	aliquots of carbonates nodules were dissolved in 7% HCl then rinsed with deionized water	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	"by Retallack, G. J. (2007). Cenozoic paleoclimate on land in North America. The Journal of Geology, 115(3), 271-294."	NA	310	215	259	1035	34	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"averages and standard deviations are for four individual paleosols, S(z) and CO2 distrbutions are skewed high"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	6400	NA	NA	213	560	150	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	22.4.00.2.1 - 22.4.00.2.15	Ogallala	34.9oN	103.1oW	NA	6.40	NA	NA	"Gustavson, T. C. (1996). Fluvial and eolian depositional systems, paleosols, and paleoclimate of the upper Cenozoic Ogallala and Blackwater Draw formations, southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico (Vol. 239). Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin. Tedford, R.H., Skinner, M.F., Fields, R.W., Rensberger, J.M., Whistler, D.P., Galusha, T., Taylor, B.E., Macdonald,
J.R., and Webb, S.D., 1987, Fauna! succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian internal
(late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America, in Woodburne, M.O., ed., Cenozoic mammals of
North America: Berkeley, University of California Press, p. 153-210."	-7.2	0.7	30	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-22.7	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-23.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.4	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.2	26	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-16.0	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	596	based on soil order	2363	B	Mollisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	mollic epipedon	No	NA	290	213	420	774	63	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	6650	NA	NA	283	813	213	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	30.5.01	Ogallala	35.7oN	100.5oW	NA	6.65	NA	NA	"Alroy, J., 2003, North American mammalian paleofaunal database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/-alroy/nampfd.html (May 2003). Passey, B.H., Gerling, T.E., Perkins, M.E., Voorhies, M.R., Harris, J.M., and Tucker, S.T., 2002, Environmental
change in the Great Plains: an isotopic record from fossil horses: Journal of Geology, v. 110, p. 123-140. Schultz, G.E., 1990, Clarendonian and Hemphillian vertebrate faunas from the Ogallala Formation (late Mioceneearly
Pliocene) of the Texas Panhandle and adjacent Oklahoma, in Gustavson, T.C., ed., Geologic Framework and
Regional Hydrology: Upper Cenozoic Blackwater Draw and Ogallala Formations, Great Plains: Bureau of Economic
Geology, Austin, p. 83-94."	-6.9	1.8	13	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-23.0	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.0	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.3	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.4	28	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-15.4	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	596	based on soil order	2363	B	Mollisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	mollic epipedon	No	NA	388	283	590	1096	70	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	6800	NA	NA	372	908	228	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	24.4.00.2 - 23.4.00.1	Bridwell	33.5oN	101.6oW	NA	6.80	NA	NA	"Alroy, J., 2003, North American mammalian paleofaunal database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/-alroy/nampfd.html (May 2003). Winkler, D.A., 1990, Sedimentary facies and biochronology of the Upper Tertiary Ogallala Group, Blanco and Yellow
House Canyons, Texas Panhandle, in Gustavson, T.C., ed., Geologic Framework and Regional Hydrology: Upper
Cenozoic Blackwater Draw and Ogallala Formations, Great Plains: Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, p. 39-55."	-6.5	1.4	25	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-23.8	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.8	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.2	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.5	28	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-15.0	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	596	based on soil order	2363	B	Mollisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	mollic epipedon	No	NA	508	372	766	1279	144	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	8750	NA	NA	274	663	165	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	28.5.01 -29.5.01	Ogallala	41.5oN	100.0oW	NA	8.75	NA	NA	"Alroy, J., 2003, North American mammalian paleofaunal database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/-alroy/nampfd.html (May 2003). Schultz, G.E., 1990, Clarendonian and Hemphillian vertebrate faunas from the Ogallala Formation (late Mioceneearly
Pliocene) of the Texas Panhandle and adjacent Oklahoma, in Gustavson, T.C., ed., Geologic Framework and
Regional Hydrology: Upper Cenozoic Blackwater Draw and Ogallala Formations, Great Plains: Bureau of Economic
Geology, Austin, p. 83-94. Tedford, R.H., Skinner, M.F., Fields, R.W., Rensberger, J.M., Whistler, D.P., Galusha, T., Taylor, B.E., Macdonald,
J.R., and Webb, S.D., 1987, Fauna! succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian internal
(late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America, in Woodburne, M.O., ed., Cenozoic mammals of
North America: Berkeley, University of California Press, p. 153-210."	-7.1	0.0	10	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-23.4	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.4	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.8	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.6	28	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-15.6	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	596	based on soil order	2363	B	Mollisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	mollic epipedon	No	NA	370	274	567	936	109	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	9100	NA	NA	197	772	167	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	17.9.00.2	Ash Hollow	36.1oN	103.1oW	NA	9.10	NA	NA	"Alroy, J., 2003, North American mammalian paleofaunal database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/-alroy/nampfd.html (May 2003). Breyer, J.A., 1981, The Kimballian land-mammal age: Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin (Dan. 5:25): Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 1207-1216."	-6.8	0.9	19	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-23.5	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.5	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.8	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	23	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-15.9	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	281	197	255	969	31	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	12700	NA	NA	267	986	227	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	14.9.00.1	Ash Hollow	42.4oN	98.2oW	NA	12.70	NA	NA	"Alroy, J., 2003, North American mammalian paleofaunal database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/-alroy/nampfd.html (May 2003)."	-7.0	0.6	2	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-25.1	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-26.1	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.1	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.5	23	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-16.1	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	371	267	313	1253	40	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	17500	NA	NA	261	953	220	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	1.10.99.2 - 1.10.99.3	"Dawes Clay Mbr, Box Butte Fm"	42.4oN	103.3oW	NA	17.50	NA	NA	"Galusha, T., 1975, Stratigraphy of the Box Butte Formation, Nebraska: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 156, p. 1-68. Tedford, R.H., Skinner, M.F., Fields, R.W., Rensberger, J.M., Whistler, D.P., Galusha, T., Taylor, B.E., Macdonald,
J.R., and Webb, S.D., 1987, Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian internal
(late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America, in Woodburne, M.O., ed., Cenozoic mammals of
North America: Berkeley, University of California Press, p. 153-210."	-7.1	1.1	21	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-25.3	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-26.3	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.8	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.2	23	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-16.2	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	366	261	311	1213	41	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	17800	NA	NA	237	2789	216	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	WT & KN-M	Hiwegi	NA	NA	NA	17.80	NA	NA	"Drake, R. E., Van Couvering, J. A., Pickford, M. H., Curtis, G. H., & Harris, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491."	-7.2	2.8	5	"Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976."	NA	NA	NA	-23.7	1.0	4	"Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976."	NA	NA	NA	NA	"reported in Bestland, E. A., & Retallack, G. J. (1993). Volcanically influenced calcareous palaeosols from the Miocene Kiahera Formation, Rusinga Island, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(2), 293-310."	"reported in Bestland, E. A., & Retallack, G. J. (1993). Volcanically influenced calcareous palaeosols from the Miocene Kiahera Formation, Rusinga Island, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(2), 293-310."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.8	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.7	20	equal to MAT	5	NA	NA	-16.6	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	711	based on soil order	3619	B	vertic Inceptisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	treated with 2N HCl overnight and then washed until neutral	vertic features without well developed Bt or Bk horizon	No	NA	556	237	824	3026	21	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	18200	NA	NA	273	271	262	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	G3	Wayondo	NA	NA	NA	18.20	NA	NA	"Drake, R. E., Van Couvering, J. A., Pickford, M. H., Curtis, G. H., & Harris, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491."	-7.3	1.0	1	"Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976."	NA	NA	NA	-24.7	1.0	1	"Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976."	NA	NA	NA	NA	"reported in Bestland, E. A., & Retallack, G. J. (1993). Volcanically influenced calcareous palaeosols from the Miocene Kiahera Formation, Rusinga Island, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(2), 293-310."	"reported in Bestland, E. A., & Retallack, G. J. (1993). Volcanically influenced calcareous palaeosols from the Miocene Kiahera Formation, Rusinga Island, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 150(2), 293-310."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.8	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	1.0	20	equal to MAT	5	NA	NA	-16.7	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	629	based on soil order	467	B	Alfisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	treated with 2N HCl overnight and then washed until neutral	subsurface accumulation of clay	No	NA	292	273	113	544	11	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, age estimated, error associated with d13C values of pedogeic carbonates and organic matter estimated"			
paleosol carbonate	Breecker	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	23000	NA	NA	197	795	167	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Breecker, D. O., & Retallack, G. J. (2014). Refining the pedogenic carbonate atmospheric CO2 proxy and application to Miocene CO2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 406, 1-8."	2014	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.012	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	source of paleosol carbonate and organic matter d13C values	30.9.99.1 - 18.9.00.4	Monroe Creek - Harrison	41.6oN	102.8oW	NA	23.00	NA	NA	"Tedford, R.H., Skinner, M.F., Fields, R.W., Rensberger, J.M., Whistler, D.P., Galusha, T., Taylor, B.E., Macdonald,
J.R., and Webb, S.D., 1987, Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian internal
(late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America, in Woodburne, M.O., ed., Cenozoic mammals of
North America: Berkeley, University of California Press, p. 153-210."	-7.2	1.1	9	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	-24.3	2.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Fox, D. L., & Koch, P. L. (2003). Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology, 31(9), 809-812."	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.3	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.7	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.6	23	from modern MAT	5	NA	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220. Sheldon, N. D., Retallack, G. J., & Tanaka, S. (2002). Geochemical climofunctions from North American soils and application to paleosols across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Oregon. The Journal of geology, 110(6), 687-696."	-16.3	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	HCl insolubale fraction analyzed	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	291	197	255	992	31	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"S(z) and CO2 distributions are skewed high, soil carbonates collected > 50 cm below top of paleosol"