# Paleo-pCO2 Database Wyoming Early Eocene Paleosol CO2 Data
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
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#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23570
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/hyland2013paleosol.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Climate Forcing
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2018-03-09
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2020-02-25
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Wyoming Early Eocene Paleosol CO2 Data
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Hyland, E.G.; Sheldon, N.D.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from Eocene paleosols from the Wind River and Wasatch formations in Wyoming, USA, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. 
#	File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format
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# Publication 
#	Authors: Ethan G. Hyland, Nathan D. Sheldon
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-01-01   
#	Published_Title:  Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum
#	Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
#	Volume: 369
#	Edition: 
#	Issue:  
#	Pages: 125-135
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011
#	Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018212005792
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) has been characterized as a prolonged warm event indicated by increased atmospheric pCO2, temperatures, precipitation, and biological turnover. A new paleoenvironmental reconstruction using integrated pedological, geochemical, and isotopic data from the Green River Basin (Green River/Great Divide region) provides a high-resolution record of environmental and climatic change throughout the EECO. Our reconstruction indicates that this region, and likely much of the margin of paleolake Gosiute, was a stable, fluvially-controlled floodplain environment with evidence of large scale continuous soil development and features comparable with modern Alfisols (temperate forest soils). Regional climate data from multiple proxies indicates that the period was warm-temperate and semi-arid to sub-humid, with a peak interval from about 51.5-50.9 Ma that exhibits significantly warmer (~ 7C) and wetter (~ 750 mm yr-1) conditions, resulting in major changes to the local weathering regime. Isotopic analyses also indicate a rapid increase to high atmospheric pCO2 values (~ 1700 ppmV) and a shift in the d13C composition of pedogenic carbonates during this peak interval that appear to define and provide a cause for this significant regional response to global climatic change. The new data, when combined with foraminiferal d13C records, are consistent with CO2 ventilation from a deep marine reservoir source. This multi-proxy reconstruction suggests that the EECO may have had a superimposed "peak" of climatic and ecological change on land.
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: Ethan Hyland, Nathan D. Sheldon, Majie Fan
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-07-01
#	Published_Title: Terrestrial paleoenvironmental reconstructions indicate transient peak warming during the early Eocene climatic optimum 
#	Journal_Name: GSA Bulletin
#	Volume: 125
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 7-8
#	Pages: 1338-1348
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1130/B30761.1
#	Online_Resource: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-abstract/125/7-8/1338/125967/terrestrial-paleoenvironmental-reconstructions 
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Major changes in climate and ecology occurred during the early Eocene climatic optimum, sometime between 52 and 50 Ma. Recent work suggests that the timing and duration of the event are characterized by different responses in the marine and terrestrial realms, and that traditional causal mechanisms may not adequately explain such differences. We applied high-resolution paleopedology, geochemical analysis, and phytolith biostratigraphy techniques to paleosol suites within the well-described Wind River Formation of western Wyoming, USA. This multiproxy record indicates a short (<1 m.y.) peak period of carbon isotopic enrichment (up to 2 permil higher) and elevated pCO2, high temperatures (up to 8C higher), increased precipitation (up to 500 mm yr-1 higher), and shifts in floral composition (up to 10%). Terrestrial climatic and ecological changes of this kind during the early Eocene climatic optimum are consistent with changes in contemporaneous records that have been ascribed to high atmospheric pCO2, but a transient peak interval suggests that the cause of high atmospheric pCO2 during the early Eocene was likely not increased volcanism or decreased silicate weathering, which operate on longer timescales. Instead, terrestrial records from across western North America agree that early Eocene climatic optimum changes may have been caused by other sources, such as a combination of increased ventilation of oceanic carbon and increased petroleum generation in sedimentary basins. The climatic and environmental changes exhibited by this and other North American terrestrial records also define a pattern of regional response that is relevant for understanding the impacts of global climate change events.
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# Funding_Agency 
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#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Green River Basin 
#	Location: North America>United States Of America>Wyoming
#	Country: United States Of America 
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 43.5057
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 42.2179
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -108.5307
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -109.5372
# 	Elevation:   
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Hyland2013paleosol
#	Earliest_Year: 52000000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 50500000
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
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										Data Sources							Contextual Information									Measured Values																																								Derived Values																								Other measurements/observations														CO2 estimates						
proxy	first_author_last_name	publication_year	doi	age_ka	Age_uncertainty_pos_ka	Age_uncertainty_neg_ka	CO2_ppm	CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm	CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm	Name	Contact	Citation	Publication Year	DOI	Additional citations/doi	Explanation of additional citations/doi	Sample ID	Rock formation name	Site latitude	Site longitude	Stratigraphic level	Age	Age_max	Age_min	Reference(s) for age	d13Ccc	d13Ccc uncertainty	n d13Ccc	Reference for d13Ccc	d13Coccluded om	d13Coccluded om uncertainty	n d13Coccluded om	d13Cbulk paleosol om	d13Cbulk paleosol om uncertainty	n d13Cbulk paleosol om	Reference for d13Com	D47	D47 uncertainty	n D47	Reference for D47 analytical method and corrections	Depth to carbonate horizon	Burial Depth	SiO2	SiO2 uncertainty	TiO2	TiO2 uncertainty	Al2O3	Al2O3 uncertainty	Fe2O3	Fe2O3 uncertainty	MnO	MnO uncertainty	MgO	MgO uncertainty	CaO	CaO uncertainty	Na2O	Na2O uncertainty	K2O	K2O uncertainty	P2O5	P2O5 uncertainty	ZrO2	ZrO2 uncertainty	n geochemical analyses	d13Cr	d13Cr approach	d13Cr reference(s)	d13Cr uncertainty	d13Ca	d13Ca approach	d13Ca reference(s)	d13Ca uncertainty	Temperature of calcium carbonate formation	Temperature estimation approach	Temperature uncertainty	Reference for D47 - temperature calibration	Reference(s) for other temperature approach	d13Cs	d13Cs reference(s)	d13Cs uncertainty	Uncompacted depth to carbonate horizon	Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP)	MAP uncertainty	MAP approach	MAP reference(s)	"Component of soil pore space CO2 from respiraiton, i.e. S(z)"	S(z) approach	S(z) uncertainty	Soil horizon for organic matter	Soil order	Soil depth	Depth of carbonte sample in horizon	Soil texture (Grain size)	Carbonate type	Calcite spar (large crystals) avoided?	Soil horizon for organic matter	Depth of om sample in soil horizon	Organic matter type	Method of removal of calcium carbonate prior to om analysis	Defining features for soil order designation	Analyzed for bulk geochemistry?	Bulk geochem type	Atmospheric CO2 mean	Atmospheric CO2 median	Atmospheric CO2 uncertainty	Atmopsheric CO2_97.5 percentile	Atmopsheric CO2_2.5 percentile	Reference for CO2 determination	Notes
								reported + error in original publication in ppm	reported - error in original publication ppm	Name of person entering data	email address	published reference of data	Year of publication	DOI link to reference	Additional publications that are part of the  dataset	Explanation for each additional publications link to the dataset					(m)	(Ma)	(Ma)	(Ma)		(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰ PDB)			(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰ PDB)		(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰ PDB)			(‰)	±2s (‰ PDB)			(cm)	(m)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)		(‰ PDB)				(‰ PDB)				(°C)		(°C)			(‰ PDB)			(cm)	(mm)	(mm)			ppm		ppm	"A, B, C, etc."		(cm)	(cm)		"e.g., nodules, rhizoliths, clast coatings"	Yes/No						Yes/No	which elements were measured?	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV		
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	52000	52200	51800	270	74	74	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-109	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2179	-108.5450	2.5	52.0	52.2	51.8	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.5	0.7	3	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	-21.7	0.1	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	40	~1200	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	-21.7	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.10	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.31	7.7	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-16.6	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.08	40	448	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	2270	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	65	40	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	270	NA	74	344	196	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	51700	51900	51500	918	150	150	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-18	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2288	-108.5307	25.5	51.7	51.9	51.5	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.7	0.1	3	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	-23.9	0.1	2	-23.8	0.1	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	50	~1200	49.63	0.13	0.82	0.01	17.03	0.07	8.12	0.01	0.04	0	3.63	0.01	0.84	0	2.12	0.01	2.14	0.01	0.098	0	0.02	0	2	-23.8	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.09	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.28	7.6	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-17.6	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.17	50	1013	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	5473	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	70	50	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	918	NA	150	1068	768	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	51600	51800	51400	1184	221	221	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-128C	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2179	-108.5450	35.5	51.6	51.8	51.4	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-5.4	0.1	5	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	-22.1	0.1	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	10	~1200	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	-22.1	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.11	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.37	15.6	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-15.4	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.25	10	890	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	4778	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Inceptisol	30	10	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	1184	NA	221	1405	963	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	51500	51700	51300	1696	284	284	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-129	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2179	-108.5450	39	51.5	51.7	51.3	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.3	0.3	3	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	-10.87	0.8	2	-23.7	0.8	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	230	~1200	60.38	0.11	0.57	0.02	14.69	0.02	5.55	0.01	0.03	0	2.34	0.01	0.61	0	2.15	0.01	2.96	0.01	0.082	0	0.03	0	2	-23.7	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.10	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.34	14.8	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-16.2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.32	230	988	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	5330	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	300	230	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	1696	NA	284	1980	1412	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	51400	51600	51200	930	133	133	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-30	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2288	-108.5307	46	51.4	51.6	51.2	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.9	0.0	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	-22.7	0.1	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	85	~1200	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	-22.7	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.09	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.30	15.4	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-16.8	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.15	85	950	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	5117	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	110	85	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	930	NA	133	1063	797	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	51300	51500	51100	1327	89	89	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	D-20	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2288	-108.5307	55	51.3	51.5	51.1	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.2	0.0	5	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	-21.2	0.5	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	190	~1200	55.2	0.02	0.52	0.01	10.83	0.02	4.53	0.01	0.15	0.01	2.1	0.01	8.15	0.1	1.86	0.01	2.19	0.01	0.164	0	0.03	0	2	-21.3	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.11	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.33	16.8	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-15.9	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.10	190	1205	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	6562	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	255	190	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	1327	NA	89	1416	1238	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	51200	51400	51000	1205	239	239	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-47	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2288	-108.5307	61	51.2	51.4	51.0	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-5.7	0.1	4	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	-22.7	0.1	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	~1200	58.08	0.21	0.69	0.01	15.1	0.02	6.3	0.01	0.03	0	2.58	0.01	0.58	0	1.55	0.01	3.03	0.01	0.094	0	0.03	0	2	-22.7	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.10	-6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.36	15.3	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-15.8	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.27	0	842	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	4502	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Inceptisol	50	0	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	1205	NA	239	1444	966	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	50900	51100	50700	198	59	59	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB162	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2179	-108.5450	78.5	50.9	51.1	50.7	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-7.5	0.5	6	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	-22.7	0.4	2	-23.0	0.3	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	60	~1200	63.56	0.09	0.71	0.02	13.76	0.1	6.3	0.01	0.04	0	2.29	0.01	0.72	0	1.59	0.01	2.53	0.01	0.091	0	0.03	0	2	-23.0	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.08	-5.6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.24	11.7	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-17.9	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.07	60	579	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	3015	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	95	60	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	198	NA	59	257	139	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	50700	50900	50500	368	183	183	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-81	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2288	-108.5307	94.5	50.7	50.9	50.5	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.1	0.1	3	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	-22.9	0.3	2	-23.1	0.2	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	90	~1200	49.18	0.14	0.37	0.01	9.43	0.07	3.13	0.01	0.29	0.01	1.9	0.01	13.78	0.1	1.64	0.01	2.01	0.01	0.384	0	0.02	0	2	-23.1	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.09	-5.6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.29	10.9	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-16.6	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.21	90	364	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	1796	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	170	90	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	368	NA	183	551	185	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	
Paleosol	Hyland	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	50500	50700	50300	685	119	119	Ethan Hyland	ehyland@ncsu.edu	"Coupled CO2-climate response during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 369, p. 125–135."	2013	10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.011	NA	NA	HB-187	Wasatch Fm. (CBM)	42.2179	-108.5450	112	50.5	50.7	50.3	"Clyde et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2008"	-6.5	0.2	4	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	-21.7	0.3	2	-22.8	0.6	2	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013"	NA	NA	NA	NA	85	~1200	58.36	0.16	0.74	0.03	14.96	0.05	6.22	0.01	0.03	0	2.33	0.01	0.83	0	2.06	0.01	2.49	0.01	0.176	0	0.02	0	2	-22.8	retallack 	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"	-0.09	-5.6	tipple	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Tipple et al., 2010"	-0.27	10.9	d18O	4.1	NA	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Dworkin et al., 2005"	-17.0	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Romanek, 1992"	0.13	85	952	182	CIA-K	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Sheldon et al., 2002"	5126	"Cotton & Sheldon, 2012"	681	A	Alfisol	160	85	fine/medium	nodules	yes	A	10-30cm	dispersed/bulk	dilute HCl (7%)	"horizonation, root traces, Bt/Bk"	yes	XRF (major elements)	685	NA	119	804	566	"Hyland & Sheldon, 2013; Retallack, 2009"