# Paleo-pCO2 Database Tianshui Basin Middle Miocene Paleosol d13C Data 
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#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24990
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# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/ji2018paleosol.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
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# Archive: Climate Forcing
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2018-08-26
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2020-02-25
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Tianshui Basin Middle Miocene Paleosol d13C Data 
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Ji, S.; Nie, J.; Lechler, A.; Huntington, K.W.; Heitmann, E.O.; Breecker, D.O.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Carbon isotope (d13C) data and CO2 estimates from Miocene paleosols of the Yanwan section, Tianshui Basin, Gansu, China, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. 
#	File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format
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# Publication 
#	Authors: Shunchuan Ji, Junsheng Nie, Alex Lechler, Katharine W. Huntington, Emma O. Heitmann, Daniel O. Breecker
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-10-01
#	Published_Title: A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene
#	Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
#	Volume: 499
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 134-144
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011
#	Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X18304175
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Understanding the future trajectory of Earth's climate requires knowledge of shifts in atmospheric CO2 concentrations during past warm episodes. The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO, ~17-14 Ma) was likely the warmest episode of the past 25 Myr, and thus atmospheric CO2 concentrations during this interval are of particular interest. However, CO2 records across the middle Miocene are rather scattered and data are notably sparse for the latter part of the MCO. Here we present a paleosol-based CO2 record from the Tianshui Basin, northern China, spanning 17-7 Ma. Our results show elevated mean CO2 during the second half of the MCO corresponding with some of the lowest benthic d18O values and highest benthic d13C values, as part of the "Monterey excursion", published for the Neogene. This result supports the idea that the broader Monterey excursion was primarily associated with a CO2 maximum, not carbon burial and CO2 minima as previously interpreted. The new CO2 record, along with previous CO2 records based on paleosols, stomata and foraminiferal boron isotope compositions, also suggests that mean CO2 across the MCO was elevated compared with the immediately following (post-MCO, 14-11 Ma, >80% probability) and immediately preceding (pre-MCO, 20-17 Ma, 70% probability) time periods. The most probable magnitude of the MCO CO2 peak is 20% higher than post-MCO and 12.5% higher than pre-MCO levels. Larger factors, of perhaps 50% higher CO2, likely apply in narrower (<1 Myr) time slices. CO2 records from each proxy individually support the conclusion of modestly elevated MCO CO2, although large temporal gaps exist in records from any one proxy. Using all proxies together, we estimate average MCO CO2 of 375+150/-100 (84th and 16th percentile) ppm. Although mean MCO CO2 was elevated, the MCO was also characterized by highly variable CO2. In addition, determinations from all three proxies suggest that at times during the MCO, CO2 levels were as low as they were following the ice sheet expansion of the Miocene Climate Transition. Furthermore, pre-MCO CO2 levels are indistinguishable from post-MCO CO2 levels (60% probability of pre-MCO CO2 > post-MCO CO2), despite significantly lower benthic d18O values during the former. We conclude that 1) the MCO was a period of slightly elevated and highly variable CO2 compared with the immediately preceding and following intervals, and 2) neither CO2 decrease, orbitally-controlled seasonality over Antarctica nor the confluence of these factors was sufficient to cause Miocene Climate Transition ice sheet expansion. Rather strengthening of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean cooling related to closure of the eastern Tethys was a necessary first step.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Key Research and Development Program of China
#	Grant: 2016YFE0109500
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China
#	Grant: 41761144063, 41672157, 41422204
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
#	Grant:  lzujbky-2018-ot05; lzujbky-2014-257; lzujbky-2016-sp05
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name:  Institute of Earth Environment
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences
#	Grant: SKLLQG1608
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State Scholarship Fund organized by the China Scholarship Council 
#	Grant: 201406180052
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant: 1545859, EAR-1156134, EAR-1252064
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Yanwan section
#	Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China
#	Country: China
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 34.967
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 34.967
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 105.567
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 105.567
# 	Elevation:   
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Ji2018paleosol
#	Earliest_Year: 16760000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 7140000
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 249.5 m
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
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# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
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										Data Sources							Contextual Information									Measured Values																																												Derived Values																								Other measurements/observations														CO2 estimates														
proxy	first_author_last_name	publication_year	doi	age_ka	Age_uncertainty_pos_ka	Age_uncertainty_neg_ka	CO2_ppm	CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm	CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm	Name	Contact	Citation	Publication Year	DOI	Additional citations/doi	Explanation of additional citations/doi	Sample ID	Rock formation name	Site latitude	Site longitude	Stratigraphic level	Age	Age_max	Age_min	Reference(s) for age	d13Ccc	d13Ccc uncertainty	n d13Ccc	Reference for d13Ccc	d13Coccluded om	d13Coccluded om uncertainty	n d13Coccluded om	d13Cbulk paleosol om	d13Cbulk paleosol om uncertainty	n d13Cbulk paleosol om	Reference for d13Com	d13Cenamel	d13Cenamel uncertainty	n d13Cenamel	Reference for d13Cenamel	D47	D47 uncertainty	n D47	Reference for D47 analytical method and corrections	Depth to carbonate horizon	Burial Depth	SiO2	SiO2 uncertainty	TiO2	TiO2 uncertainty	Al2O3	Al2O3 uncertainty	Fe2O3	Fe2O3 uncertainty	MnO	MnO uncertainty	MgO	MgO uncertainty	CaO	CaO uncertainty	Na2O	Na2O uncertainty	K2O	K2O uncertainty	P2O5	P2O5 uncertainty	ZrO2	ZrO2 uncertainty	n geochemical analyses	d13Cr	d13Cr approach	d13Cr reference(s)	d13Cr uncertainty	d13Ca	d13Ca approach	d13Ca reference(s)	d13Ca uncertainty	Temperature of calcium carbonate formation	Temperature estimation approach	Temperature uncertainty	Reference for D47 - temperature calibration	Reference(s) for other temperature approach	d13Cs	d13Cs reference(s)	d13Cs uncertainty	Uncompacted depth to carbonate horizon	Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP)	MAP uncertainty	MAP approach	MAP reference(s)	"Component of soil pore space CO2 from respiraiton, i.e. S(z)"	S(z) approach	S(z) uncertainty	Soil horizon for calcium carbonate	Soil order	Soil depth	Depth of carbonte sample in horizon	Soil texture (Grain size)	Carbonate type	Calcite spar (large crystals) avoided?	Soil horizon for organic matter	Depth of om sample in soil horizon	Organic matter type	Method of removal of calcium carbonate prior to om analysis	Defining features for soil order designation	Analyzed for bulk geochemistry?	Bulk geochem type	Atmospheric CO2 mean	Atmospheric CO2 median	Atmospheric CO2 uncertainty	Atmopsheric CO2_97.5 percentile	Atmopsheric CO2_2.5 percentile	error propagation method	variables considered in error propagation	Notes							
								length of error bar extending to 97.5 percentile value  (ppm)	length of error bar extending to 2.5 percentile value  (ppm)	Name of person entering data	email address	published reference of data	Year of publication	DOI link to reference	Additional publications that are part of the  dataset	Explanation for each additional publications link to the dataset					(m)	(Ma)	(Ma)	(Ma)		(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰)			(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰)		(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰)			(‰ PDB)	±2s (‰ PDB)			(‰)	±2s (‰)			(cm)	(m)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)	wt%	± 2s stdev (wt%)		(‰ PDB)			(‰ PDB)	(‰ PDB)			(‰ PDB)	(°C)		"(°C, 1 s.e.)"			(‰ PDB)			(cm)	(mm)	(mm)			ppm		ppm	"A, B, C, etc."		(cm)	(cm)		"e.g., nodules, rhizoliths, clast coatings"	Yes/No	"A, B, C, etc."					Yes/No	which elements were measured?	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV	ppmV										
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	7143	10	10	225	813	191	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	Yaodian Formation	34.967oN	105.567oE	29.5	7143	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-6.6	0.8	1	NA	-24.5	2	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.5	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.0	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.2	18	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-16.3	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	313	225	534	1038	34	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	7428	10	10	92	340	78	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	Yaodian Formation	34.967oN	105.567oE	36.7	7428	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-9.1	0.0	4	NA	-24.6	1	12	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.6	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.9	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.2	18	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-18.7	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	130	92	226	432	14	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	7832	10	10	238	877	201	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	Yaodian Formation	34.967oN	105.567oE	44.5	7832	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-6.5	0.8	1	NA	-24.7	2	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.9	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	18	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-16.1	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	333	238	564	1115	37	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	9854	10	10	192	704	163	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	Yaodian Formation	34.967oN	105.567oE	106.2	9854	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-7.1	0.6	6	NA	-24.8	1.8	4	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.636	0.022	3	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.8	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.0	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	17	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-16.9	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	271	192	461	896	29	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"CO2 distributions are skewed high, multiple replicates (6,4 and 3 replicates respectively) of 3 samples were analyzed for D47"							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	10727	10	10	208	823	178	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	Yaodian Formation	34.967oN	105.567oE	116.5	10727	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-7.0	0.9	6	NA	-25.1	2.8	11	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-26.1	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.0	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.1	16	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-16.8	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	301	208	541	1031	30	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	11012	10	10	237	1021	208	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	Yaodian Formation	34.967oN	105.567oE	130.6	11012	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-6.2	2.3	5	NA	-24.4	2.6	6	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.4	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.1	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.2	16	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-16.0	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	346	237	662	1258	29	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	11797	10	10	144	604	127	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	139.6	11797	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-6.9	1.5	6	NA	-23.5	1.8	4	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.638	NA	1	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.5	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.9	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.4	16	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-16.8	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	206	144	396	748	17	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"CO2 distributions are skewed high, 2 replicates analyzed for D47"							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	11924	10	10	138	505	117	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	157.7	11924	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-8.0	0.8	1	NA	-24.6	0.6	2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.6	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-6.2	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.4	16	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-17.8	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	196	138	333	643	21	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	12909	10	10	258	941	219	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	160.5	12909	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-5.8	0.8	1	NA	-24.4	2.2	4	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.4	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.9	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	17	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-15.6	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	367	258	626	1199	39	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	13230	10	10	312	1185	267	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	183.3	13230	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-4.8	0.8	2	NA	-23.7	0.6	3	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.8	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.5	17	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-14.6	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	432	312	709	1497	45	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	13571	10	10	224	1200	181	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	191.3	13571	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-5.7	2.0	4	NA	-23.5	2	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.633	0.018	2	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.5	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.4	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	18	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-15.4	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	415	224	757	1424	43	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"CO2 distributions are skewed high, multiple replicates (3 and 5 replicates respectively) of 2 samples were analyzed for D47"							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	13981	10	10	353	1421	299	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	200.4	13981	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-4.3	0.5	3	NA	-23.6	0.6	2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.6	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.5	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.7	19	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-13.9	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	496	353	812	1774	54	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	14240	10	10	371	1438	314	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	212.3	14240	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-4.2	0.6	3	NA	-23.7	2	4	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.3	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.6	20	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-13.7	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	521	371	874	1809	57	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	14636	10	10	374	1420	318	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	219.4	14636	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-4.5	0.3	2	NA	-23.7	1.2	2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.7	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.5	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.7	22	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-13.8	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	518	374	845	1794	56	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	14758	10	10	255	1103	239	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	226.6	14758	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-5.7	0.7	4	NA	-23.5	4.8	2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.617	NA	1	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.5	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.5	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.7	22	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-14.9	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	370	255	733	1358	16	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"CO2 distributions are skewed high, 3 replicates analyzed for D47"							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	14882	10	10	342	1346	291	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	231.3	14882	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-5.9	0.6	2	NA	-25.3	1	3	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-26.3	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.6	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.3	22	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-15.1	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	470	342	766	1688	51	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	15034	10	10	264	969	224	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	236.3	15034	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-6.1	0.8	1	NA	-24.1	2	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-25.1	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.5	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.2	22	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-15.3	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	364	264	626	1233	40	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	15184	10	10	380	1466	323	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	242.3	15184	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-5.7	0.8	1	NA	-26.1	2	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-27.1	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.4	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.5	22	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-14.9	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	536	380	885	1846	57	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	CO2 distributions are skewed high							
paleosol carbonate	Ji	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	16762	10	10	251	971	213	Dan Breecker	breecker@jsg.utexas.edu	"Ji, S., Nie, J., Lechler, A., Huntington, K. W., Heitmann, E. O., & Breecker, D. O. (2018). A symmetrical CO2 peak and asymmetrical climate change during the middle Miocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 499, 134-144."	2018	10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.011	NA	NA	NA	NA	34.967oN	105.567oE	279.0	16762	10	10	"Zhang, J., Li, J., Song, C., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Wang, X., Hui, Z. & Peng, T. (2013). Paleomagnetic ages of Miocene fluvio-lacustrine sediments in the Tianshui Basin, western China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 341-348."	-5.9	0.5	6	NA	-23.9	1	3	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.62	0.004	2	"Schauer, A.J., Kelson, J., Saenger, C. and Huntington, K.W. (2016) Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (?47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30(24), pp.2607-2616."	>20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	-24.9	1 +/- 0.5 ‰ (1s) lower than d13C occluded om	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	propogated	-5.3	from benthic forams	"Tipple, B. J., Meyers, S. R., & Pagani, M. (2010). Carbon isotope ratio of Cenozoic CO2: A comparative evaluation of available geochemical proxies. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 25(3)."	0.4	21	clumped isotopes	3	"Kelson, J. R., Huntington, K. W., Schauer, A. J., Saenger, C., & Lechler, A. R. (2017). Toward a universal carbonate clumped isotope calibration: Diverse synthesis and preparatory methods suggest a single temperature relationship. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197, 104-131."	NA	-15.2	NA	propoagated	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	440	based on soil order	1022	B	Aridisol	NA	NA	silt/clay	nodules and/or rhizoliths	Yes	B	NA	organic matter occluded in pedogenic calcium carbonate	6N HCl added directly to silver capsules	"well developed Bk horizons along with absence of slickensides, wedge-shaped peds, or Mollic epipedons"	No	NA	355	251	580	1222	38	"Breecker, D. O. (2013). Quantifying and understanding the uncertainty of atmospheric CO2 concentrations determined from calcic paleosols. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(8), 3210-3220."	"d13Cpaleosol carbonate, d13Coccluded organic matter, D13Crespired CO2-om, temperature, d13Ca, S(z)"	"CO2 distributions are skewed high, multiple replicates (4 and 3 replicates respectively) of 2 samples were analyzed for D47"