# Paleo-CO2 Database #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/35079 # Landing_Page_Description: # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-forcing-35079.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Forcing # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/readme-paleo-co2.txt # Data_Download_Description: This Readme file for Paleo-CO2 Database # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: # Supplemental_Description: # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/ # Related_Online_Description: Paleo-pCCO2 Database online data folder # # Original_Source_URL: https://www.paleo-co2.org # Original_Source_Description: Paleo-CO2 Database home page #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-12-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-01-12 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-CO2 Database #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Hönisch, B. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Compilation of published CO2 reconstructions tracing the Cenozoic evolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration, assembled and curated by an international group of proxy experts. For additional information, see paleo-co2.org. Working versions of the data can be found at 10.5281/zenodo.5777278. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CENCO2PIP) Consortium # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023-12-08 # Published_Title: Toward a Cenozoic History of Atmospheric CO2 # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 382 # Edition: # Issue: 6675 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5177 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have driven an increase in the global atmospheric CO2 concentration from 280 parts per million (ppm) before industrialization to an annual average of 419 ppm in 2022, corresponding to an increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) of 1.1°C over the same period. If global CO2 emissions continue to rise, atmospheric CO2 could exceed 800 ppm by the year 2100. This begs the question of where our climate is headed. The geologic record is replete with both brief and extended intervals of CO2 concentration higher than today and thus provides opportunities to project the response of the future climate system to increasing CO2. For example, it has been estimated that global surface temperature 50 million years ago (Ma) was ~12 C higher than today, in tandem with atmospheric CO2 concentrations some 500 ppm higher (i.e., more than doubled) than present-day values. Consistent with these estimates, Antarctica and Greenland were free of ice at that time. However, reconstructing these values prior to direct instrumental measurements requires the use of paleoproxies—measurable properties of geological archives that are closely, but only indirectly, related to the parameter in question (e.g., temperature, CO2). To date, at least eight different proxies from both terrestrial and marine archives have been developed and applied to reconstruct paleo-CO2, but their underlying assumptions have been revised over time, and published reconstructions are not always consistent. This uncertainty complicates quantification of the climate responses to the ongoing rise of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Global # Location: Global # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -90 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation_m: #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Paleo-CO2 # Earliest_Year: 65000000 # Most_Recent_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## age_calBP age, , , calendar year before present, , climate forcing, , ,N, ## CO2 carbon dioxide, , , parts per million, , climate forcing, , ,N, # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # # Data files found in online folder https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/ # #-------------------- # Change Log: # # Format: Date Modified(yyyy-mm-dd) File Name Description of Change # # 2024-06-03 paleosol_da_2019.xlsx replaced with file completed by data generator that has data and formatting changes; data changes are: CO2 uncertainties updated to 84/16 percentile # 2024-06-03 paleosol_huang_2013.xlsx: replaced with file completed by data generator that has data and formatting changes; data changes are: d13C of bulk paleosol organic matter added, burial depths divided by 1000 to obtain correct units (meters), some assumed uncertainty values updated # 2024-06-03 paleosol_hyland_2013a.xlsx: replaced with file that has formatting changes # 2024-06-03 paleosol_hyland_2013b.xlsx: replaced with file that has formatting changes # 2025-03-10 stomata-si_beerling_2002.xlsx: extended by 6 pre-Cenozoic data points and been amended with information on the age model used. File was renamed to stomata-si_beerling_2002a.xlsx to match later beerling2002 filenames. # 2025-03-10 stomata-si_beerling_2002b.xlsx: amended with information on the age model used. # 2025-03-10 stomata-si_beerling_2009.xlsx: amended with one additional data point that was missing from the earlier file and information on the age model used.