# Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Paleocene Multiproxy CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26130 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/kowalczyk2018stomata_franks.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-02-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Paleocene Multiproxy CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Kowalczyk, J.B.; Royer, D.L. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Multiproxy paleo-CO2 data from Kowalczyk et al. 2018, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # # Additional references: # Franks, P. J., Royer, D. L., Beerling, D. J., Van de Water, P. K., Cantrill, D. J., Barbour, M. M., Berry, J. A. 2014. New constraints on atmospheric CO2 concentration for the Phanerozoic. Geophysical Research Letters, 41: 4685-4694. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Jennifer B. Kowalczyk, Dana L. Royer, Ian M. Miller, Clive W. Anderson, David J. Beerling, Peter J. Franks, Michaela Grein, Wilfried Konrad, Anita Roth-Nebelsick, Samuel A. Bowring, Kirk R. Johnson, Jahandar Ramezani # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-12-01 # Published_Title: Multiple Proxy Estimates of Atmospheric CO2 From an Early Paleocene Rainforest # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 33 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: 1427-1438 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2018PA003356 # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018PA003356 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 are necessary to reconstruct Earth's climate history. Confidence in paleo-CO2 estimates can be increased by comparing results from multiple proxies at a single site, but so far this strategy has been implemented only for marine-based techniques. Here we present CO2 estimates for the well-studied early Paleocene Castle Rock site in Colorado using four paleobotanical proxies. Median estimates range from 470 to 813 ppm, demonstrating fair correspondence. The synthesis yields a median of 616 ppm (352-1110 ppm at 95% confidence), considerably higher than previous early Paleocene CO2 estimates (~300 ppm). Ash bed geochronology by the high-precision U-Pb method places the Castle Rock assemblage at 63.844 ± 0.097 Ma (fully propagated 2sigma error). When these results are placed into the broader context of other Cenozoic CO2 estimates from plant-gas-exchange approaches and coeval estimates of global mean surface temperature, a pattern emerges of an Earth system sensitivity around 3C per CO2 doubling during the Paleocene and Eocene, a time with little land ice, then steepening to >7C after the Eocene once land ice was present on Antarctica. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Castle Rock # Location: North America>United States Of America>Colorado # Country: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 39.38 # Southernmost_Latitude: 39.38 # Easternmost_Longitude: -104.85 # Westernmost_Longitude: -104.85 # Elevation: 1897 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Kowalczyk2018stomata_Franks # Earliest_Year: 64000000 # Most_Recent_Year: 63600000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm person who entered data date of data entry Citation doi "Sample Name" Family Genus Species "Sample repository" "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic Level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) CO2 type CO2 low (ppm) CO2 high (ppm) "What is the CO2 range (""low"" and ""high"")?" What is the distribution of the uncertainties? "Counting Method (Image, microscope)" "Counting box dimensions (µm × µm)" Dab eDab N_eDab Dad eDad N_eDad GCLab eGCLab N_eGCLab GCLad eGCLad N_eGCLad GCWab eGCWab N_eGCWab GCWad eGCWad N_eGCWad d13Cp ed13Cp N_ed13Cp d13Ca ed13Ca N_ed13Ca CO2_0 A0 eA0 N_eA0 CiCa0 eCiCa0 N_eCiCa0 gb egb N_egb s1 es1 N_es1 s2 es2 N_es2 s3 es3 N_es3 s4 es4 N_es4 s5 es5 N_es5 fixed_A b d.v. gamma temp stomata-franks Kowalczyk 2018 10.1029/2018PA003356 63800 200 200 471 115 89 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Kowalczyk, J. B., Royer, D. L., Miller, I. M., Anderson, C. W., Beerling, D. J., Franks, P. J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S. A., Johnson, K. R., and Ramezani, J., 2018, Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438." 10.1029/2018PA003356 cf. Sassafras (CR 10) Lauraceae Sassafras NA Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver Formation "Castle Rock flora; near the top of the ""D1"" sequence" 63.8 64 63.6 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 39.38 -104.85 471 median 382 585 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 448 x 334 2.30E+08 6.00E+06 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves 9.60E-06 5.00E-07 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves 5.93E-06 3.09E-07 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves -25.47 0.41 4 leaves -5 0.3 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 379 13.24 0.43 calculated from 12 leaves from a single Sassafras albidum tree 0.71 0.0355 from compilation of present-day species by Diefendorf et al. (2010; 10.1073/pnas.0910513107); see Kowalczyk et al. (2018) for details; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.24 0.01 "derived from the general value of 0.2 suggested by Franks et al. (2014) but adjusted for the fraction of epidermis with non-stomatal areas, e.g., over top veins; see Kowalczyk et al. for details; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean" 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25 stomata-franks Kowalczyk 2019 10.1029/2018PA003356 63800 200 200 579 112 91 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Kowalczyk, J. B., Royer, D. L., Miller, I. M., Anderson, C. W., Beerling, D. J., Franks, P. J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S. A., Johnson, K. R., and Ramezani, J., 2018, Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438." 10.1029/2018PA003356 Lauraceae sp. (CR 20) Lauraceae NA NA Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver Formation "Castle Rock flora; near the top of the ""D1"" sequence" 63.8 64 63.6 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 39.38 -104.85 579 median 488 691 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 448 x 334 1.23E+08 5.00E+04 10 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 10 leaves 1.23E-05 3.00E-07 10 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 10 leaves 7.60E-06 1.85E-07 10 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 10 leaves -25.58 0.21 10 leaves -5 0.3 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 360 12 0.6 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.71 0.0355 from compilation of present-day species by Diefendorf et al. (2010; 10.1073/pnas.0910513107); see Kowalczyk et al. (2018) for details; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.24 0.01 "derived from the general value of 0.2 suggested by Franks et al. (2014) but adjusted for the fraction of epidermis with non-stomatal areas, e.g., over top veins; see Kowalczyk et al. for details; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean" 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25 stomata-franks Kowalczyk 2020 10.1029/2018PA003356 63800 200 200 623 140 112 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Kowalczyk, J. B., Royer, D. L., Miller, I. M., Anderson, C. W., Beerling, D. J., Franks, P. J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S. A., Johnson, K. R., and Ramezani, J., 2018, Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438." 10.1029/2018PA003356 Ginkgo (CR 125) Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo adiantoides Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver Formation "Castle Rock flora; near the top of the ""D1"" sequence" 63.8 64 63.6 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 39.38 -104.85 623 median 511 763 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 448 x 334 1.36E+08 6.17E+06 15 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 15 leaves 1.01E-05 3.00E-07 15 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 15 leaves 1.37E-05 4.00E-07 15 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 15 leaves -25.57 0.17 15 leaves -5 0.3 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 397 8.09 0.23 calculated from 17 leaves from a single Ginkgo biloba tree 0.53 0.0141 calculated from 17 leaves from a single Ginkgo biloba tree 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.6 0.03 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.40 0.02 "based on measurements of 17 leaves from living Ginkgo biloba; adjusted for the fraction of epidermis with non-stomatal areas, e.g., over top veins; see Kowalczyk et al. for details; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean" 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25