# Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Miocene Stomata CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26151 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/londono2018stomata_franks.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-02-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-257 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Early Miocene Stomata CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Londoņo, L.; Royer, D.L. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stomata Paleo-CO2 data from Londoņo et al. 2018, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # # Additional references: # Franks, P.J., Royer, D.L., Beerling, D.J., Van de Water, P.K., Cantrill, D.J., Barbour, M.M., Berry, J.A. 2014. New constraints on atmospheric CO2 concentration for the Phanerozoic. Geophysical Research Letters, 41: 4685-4694. # Kowalczyk, J.B., Royer, D.L., Miller, I.M., Anderson, C.W., Beerling, D.J., Franks, P.J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S.A., Johnson, K.R., and Ramezani, J., 2018. Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Liliana Londoņo, Dana L. Royer, Carlos Jaramillo, Jaime Escobar, David A. Foster, Andrés L. Cárdenas-Rozo, Aaron Wood # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-11-01 # Published_Title: Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil leaf assemblage exceed 400 ppm # Journal_Name: American Journal of Botany # Volume: 105 # Edition: # Issue: 11 # Pages: 1929-1937 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1187 # Online_Resource: https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajb2.1187 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Premise of the Study The global climate during the early Miocene was warmer than the present and preceded the even warmer middle Miocene climatic optimum. The paleo-CO2 records for this interval suggest paradoxically low concentrations (<450 ppm) that are difficult to reconcile with a warmer-than-present global climate. Methods In this study, we use a leaf gas-exchange model to estimate CO2 concentrations using stomatal characteristics of fossil leaves from a late early Miocene Neotropical assemblage from Panama that we date to 18.01 ą 0.17 Ma via 238U/206Pb zircon geochronology. We first validated the model for Neotropical environments by estimating CO2 from canopy leaves of 21 extant species in a natural Panamanian forest and from leaves of seven Neotropical species in greenhouse experiments at 400 and 700 ppm. Key Results The results showed that the most probable combined CO2 estimate from the natural forests and 400 ppm experiments is 475 ppm, and for the 700 ppm experiments is 665 ppm. CO2 estimates from the five fossil species exhibit bimodality, with two species most consistent with a low mode (528 ppm) and three with a high mode (912 ppm). Conclusions Despite uncertainties, it is very likely (at >95% confidence) that CO2 during the late early Miocene exceeded 400 ppm. These results revise upwards the likely CO2 concentration at this time, more in keeping with a CO2-forced greenhouse climate. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Pedro Miguel Formation # Location: North America>Central America>Panama # Country: Panama # Northernmost_Latitude: 9.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 9.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: -79.61 # Westernmost_Longitude: -79.61 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Londono2018stomata_Franks # Earliest_Year: 18300000 # Most_Recent_Year: 18100000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm person who entered data date of data entry Citation doi "Sample Name" Family Genus Species "Sample repository" "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic Level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) CO2 type CO2 low (ppm) CO2 high (ppm) "What is the CO2 range (""low"" and ""high"")?" What is the distribution of the uncertainties? "Counting Method (Image, microscope)" "Counting box dimensions (ĩm × ĩm)" Dab eDab N_eDab Dad eDad N_eDad GCLab eGCLab N_eGCLab GCLad eGCLad N_eGCLad GCWab eGCWab N_eGCWab GCWad eGCWad N_eGCWad d13Cp ed13Cp N_ed13Cp d13Ca ed13Ca N_ed13Ca CO2_0 A0 eA0 N_eA0 CiCa0 eCiCa0 N_eCiCa0 gb egb N_egb s1 es1 N_es1 s2 es2 N_es2 s3 es3 N_es3 s4 es4 N_es4 s5 es5 N_es5 fixed_A b d.v. gamma temp stomata-franks Londoņo 2018 10.1002/ajb2.1187 18100 200 200 572 134 103 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Londoņo, L., Royer, D. L., Jaramillo, C., Escobar, J., Foster, D. A., Cárdenas-Rozo, A. L., and Wood, A., 2018, Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil assemblage exceed 400 ppm: American Journal of Botany, v. 105, p. 1929-1937." 10.1002/ajb2.1187 PM-M2 Myrtaceae?? NA NA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Pedro Miguel NA 18.1 18.3 17.9 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 9 -79.61 572 median 469 706 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 400x magnification 3.80E+08 2.71E+07 7 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7 leaves 1.04E-05 1.97E-07 7 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7 leaves 8.12E-06 1.52E-07 7 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7 leaves -28.48 0.19 7 leaves -5.7 0.4 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 360 12 0.6 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.7 0.035 generic value of 0.7 based on typical values for present-day angiosperms; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25 stomata-franks Londoņo 2018 10.1002/ajb2.1187 18100 200 200 1161 568 341 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Londoņo, L., Royer, D. L., Jaramillo, C., Escobar, J., Foster, D. A., Cárdenas-Rozo, A. L., and Wood, A., 2018, Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil assemblage exceed 400 ppm: American Journal of Botany, v. 105, p. 1929-1937." 10.1002/ajb2.1187 PM-M3 NA NA NA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Pedro Miguel NA 18.1 18.3 17.9 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 9 -79.61 1161 median 820 1729 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 400x magnification 2.93E+08 1.82E+07 5 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5 leaves 5.47E-06 4.08E-07 5 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5 leaves 5.15E-06 1.89E-07 5 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5 leaves -28.84 0.63 5 leaves -5.7 0.4 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 360 12 0.6 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.7 0.035 generic value of 0.7 based on typical values for present-day angiosperms; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25 stomata-franks Londoņo 2018 10.1002/ajb2.1187 18100 200 200 896 418 237 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Londoņo, L., Royer, D. L., Jaramillo, C., Escobar, J., Foster, D. A., Cárdenas-Rozo, A. L., and Wood, A., 2018, Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil assemblage exceed 400 ppm: American Journal of Botany, v. 105, p. 1929-1937." 10.1002/ajb2.1187 PM-M4 Lauracaeae?? NA NA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Pedro Miguel NA 18.1 18.3 17.9 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 9 -79.61 896 median 659 1314 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 400x magnification 6.70E+08 1.13E+08 5 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5 leaves 3.77E-06 1.22E-07 5 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5 leaves 4.50E-06 1.03E-07 5 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5 leaves -28.7 0.34 5 leaves -5.7 0.4 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 360 12 0.6 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.7 0.035 generic value of 0.7 based on typical values for present-day angiosperms; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25 stomata-franks Londoņo 2018 10.1002/ajb2.1187 18100 200 200 474 141 97 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Londoņo, L., Royer, D. L., Jaramillo, C., Escobar, J., Foster, D. A., Cárdenas-Rozo, A. L., and Wood, A., 2018, Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil assemblage exceed 400 ppm: American Journal of Botany, v. 105, p. 1929-1937." 10.1002/ajb2.1187 PM-M5 NA NA NA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Pedro Miguel NA 18.1 18.3 17.9 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 9 -79.61 474 median 377 615 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 400x magnification 4.59E+08 3.59E+07 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves 6.81E-06 6.40E-07 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves 4.25E-06 1.32E-07 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves -27.04 0.22 4 leaves -5.7 0.4 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 360 12 0.6 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.7 0.035 generic value of 0.7 based on typical values for present-day angiosperms; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25 stomata-franks Londoņo 2018 10.1002/ajb2.1187 18100 200 200 983 377 238 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Londoņo, L., Royer, D. L., Jaramillo, C., Escobar, J., Foster, D. A., Cárdenas-Rozo, A. L., and Wood, A., 2018, Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil assemblage exceed 400 ppm: American Journal of Botany, v. 105, p. 1929-1937." 10.1002/ajb2.1187 PM-M6 NA NA NA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Pedro Miguel NA 18.1 18.3 17.9 NA U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains 9 -79.61 983 median 745 1360 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 400x magnification 2.92E+08 1.46E+07 1 leaf 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1 leaf 8.59E-06 4.30E-07 1 leaf 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1 leaf 4.97E-06 2.49E-07 1 leaf 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1 leaf -30.21 0.35 1 leaf -5.7 0.4 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 360 12 0.6 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.7 0.035 generic value of 0.7 based on typical values for present-day angiosperms; 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25