# Paleo-pCO2 Database Middle Eocene Stomata CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26150 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/maxbauer2014stomata_franks.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-02-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Middle Eocene Stomata CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Maxbauer, D.P.; Royer, D.L. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stomata Paleo-CO2 data from Maxbauer et al. 2014, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # # Additional references: # Franks, P.J., Royer, D.L., Beerling, D.J., Van de Water, P.K., Cantrill, D.J., Barbour, M.M., Berry, J.A. 2014. New constraints on atmospheric CO2 concentration for the Phanerozoic. Geophysical Research Letters, 41: 4685-4694. # Kowalczyk, J.B., Royer, D.L., Miller, I.M., Anderson, C.W., Beerling, D.J., Franks, P.J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S.A., Johnson, K.R., and Ramezani, J., 2018. Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Daniel P. Maxbauer, Dana L. Royer, Ben A. LePage # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-12-01 # Published_Title: High Arctic forests during the middle Eocene supported by moderate levels of atmospheric CO2 # Journal_Name: Geology # Volume: 42 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: 1027-1030 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1130/G36014.1 # Online_Resource: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/42/12/1027/131402/high-arctic-forests-during-the-middle-eocene # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Fossils from Paleogene High Arctic deposits provide some of the clearest evidence for greenhouse climates in the past and offer the potential to improve our understanding of Earth system dynamics in a largely ice-free world. One of the most well-known and stunningly preserved polar forest sites, Napartulik, crops out of middle Eocene (47.9-37.8 Ma) sediments on eastern Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada (~78N paleolatitude). An abundance of data from Napartulik suggests mean annual temperatures at least 30C warmer than today and atmospheric water loads 2x current levels. Despite this wealth of paleontological and paleoclimatological data, there are currently no direct constraints on atmospheric CO2 levels for Napartulik or any other polar forest site. Here we apply a new plant gas-exchange model to Metasequoia (dawn redwood) leaves to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 from six fossil forest horizons at Napartulik. Individual reconstructions vary between 392 ppm and 474 ppm, with a site median of 424 ppm (351-523 ppm at 95% confidence). These estimates represent the first direct constraints on CO2 for a High Arctic forest and suggest that the temperate conditions present at Napartulik during the middle Eocene were maintained under CO2 concentrations ~1.5x pre-industrial levels. Our results support the case that long-term climate sensitivity to CO2 in the past was sometimes high, even during largely ice-free periods, highlighting the need to better understand the climate forcings and feedbacks responsible for this amplification. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Axel Heiberg Island # Location: North America>Canada>Nunavut # Country: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 79.92 # Southernmost_Latitude: 79.92 # Easternmost_Longitude: -89.03 # Westernmost_Longitude: -89.03 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Maxbauer2014stomata_Franks # Earliest_Year: 47900000 # Most_Recent_Year: 37800000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm person who entered data date of data entry Citation doi "Sample Name" Family Genus Species "Sample repository" "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic Level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) CO2 type CO2 low (ppm) CO2 high (ppm) "What is the CO2 range (""low"" and ""high"")?" What is the distribution of the uncertainties? "Counting Method (Image, microscope)" "Counting box dimensions (µm × µm)" Dab eDab N_eDab Dad eDad N_eDad GCLab eGCLab N_eGCLab GCLad eGCLad N_eGCLad GCWab eGCWab N_eGCWab GCWad eGCWad N_eGCWad d13Cp ed13Cp N_ed13Cp d13Ca ed13Ca N_ed13Ca CO2_0 A0 eA0 N_eA0 CiCa0 eCiCa0 N_eCiCa0 gb egb N_egb s1 es1 N_es1 s2 es2 N_es2 s3 es3 N_es3 s4 es4 N_es4 s5 es5 N_es5 fixed_A b d.v. gamma temp stomata-franks Maxbauer 2014 10.1130/G36014.1 42900 5000 5100 424 99 73 Dana L. Royer Jun-17 "Maxbauer, D. P., Royer, D. L., and LePage, B. A., 2014, High Arctic forests during the middle Eocene supported by moderate levels of atmospheric CO2: Geology, v. 42, p. 1027-1030." 10.1130/G36014.1 Metasequoia occidentalis Cupressaceae Metasequoia occidentalis Wesleyan University Buchanan Lake Formation "Napartulik fossil forest, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada: mean of 6 stratigraphic layers--""F"", ""E"", ""D"", ""C"", ""A"", ""B'""" 42.9 47.9 37.8 GTS2012 Uintan-Duchesnean NALMA 79.92 -89.03 424 median 351 523 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles right skewed microscope 449 x 334 5.26E+07 1.47E+06 60 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 60 leaves 2.77E-05 2.46E-07 60 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 60 leaves 1.61E-05 8.03E-07 "single guard cell width cannot be reliably measured in these fossils; instead, it scaled from the pore length as measured in living Metasequoia; error is 5% of the mean" 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 NA -25.01 0.09 60 leaves -5.8 0.4 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 396 6.67 0.39 mean of 12 leaves from the living Metasequoia glyptostroboides 0.67 0.0067 mean of 10 leaves from the living Metasequoia glyptostroboides 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.84 0.007 "pore length was scaled from ""inner rectangular length"" based on the scaling of leaves from living Metasequoia glyptostroboides" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.5 0.025 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.34 0.04 based on measurements of 7 leaves from living Metasequoia glyptostroboides 0.013 0.00065 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean no 30 0.000940096 40 25