# Paleo-pCO2 Database Franks Method Stomata CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23711 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/reichgelt2016stomata.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-03-25 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Franks Method Stomata CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Reichgelt, T.; D'Andrea, W.J.; Fox, B.R.S. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from fossil plant stomata utilizing the Franks method, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tammo Reichgelt, William J. D'Andrea, Bethany R.S. Fox # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-12-01 # Published_Title: Abrupt plant physiological changes in southern New Zealand at the termination of the Mi-1 event reflect shifts in hydroclimate and pCO2 # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 455 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 115-124 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.026 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X16305064 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A rise in atmospheric CO2 is believed to be necessary for the termination of large-scale glaciations. Although the Antarctic Ice Sheet is estimated to have melted from ~125% to ~50% its modern size, there is thus far no evidence for an increase in atmospheric CO2 associated with the Mi-1 glacial termination in the earliest Miocene. Here, we present evidence from a high-resolution terrestrial record of leaf physiological change in southern New Zealand for an abrupt increase in atmospheric CO2 coincident with the termination of the Mi-1 glaciation and lasting approximately 20 kyr. Quantitative pCO2 estimates, made using a leaf gas exchange model, suggest that atmospheric CO2 levels may have doubled during this period, from 516+/- 111 ppm to 1144+/-410 ppm, and subsequently returned back to 425 +/- 53 ppm. The 20-kyr interval with high pCO2 estimates is also associated with a period of increased moisture supply to southern New Zealand, inferred from carbon and hydrogen isotopes of terrestrial leaf waxes. The results provide the first high-resolution record of terrestrial environmental change at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, document a ~20 kyr interval of elevated pCO2 and increased local moisture availability, and provide insight into ecosystem response to a major orbitally driven climatic transition. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jennifer B. Kowalczyk, Dana L. Royer, Ian M. Miller, Clive W. Anderson, David J. Beerling, Peter J. Franks, Michaela Grein, Wilfried Konrad, Anita Roth-Nebelsick, Samuel A. Bowring, Kirk R. Johnson, Jahandar Ramezani # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-12-01 # Published_Title: Multiple Proxy Estimates of Atmospheric CO2 From an Early Paleocene Rainforest # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 33 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: 1427-1438 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2018PA003356 # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018PA003356 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 are necessary to reconstruct Earth's climate history. Confidence in paleo-CO2 estimates can be increased by comparing results from multiple proxies at a single site, but so far this strategy has been implemented only for marine-based techniques. Here we present CO2 estimates for the well-studied early Paleocene Castle Rock site in Colorado using four paleobotanical proxies. Median estimates range from 470 to 813 ppm, demonstrating fair correspondence. The synthesis yields a median of 616 ppm (352-1110 ppm at 95% confidence), considerably higher than previous early Paleocene CO2 estimates (~300 ppm). Ash bed geochronology by the high-precision U-Pb method places the Castle Rock assemblage at 63.844 ± 0.097 Ma (fully propagated 2sigma error). When these results are placed into the broader context of other Cenozoic CO2 estimates from plant-gas-exchange approaches and coeval estimates of global mean surface temperature, a pattern emerges of an Earth system sensitivity around 3C per CO2 doubling during the Paleocene and Eocene, a time with little land ice, then steepening to >7C after the Eocene once land ice was present on Antarctica. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Foulden Maar Diatomite # Location: Australia/New Zealand>New Zealand # Country: New Zealand # Northernmost_Latitude: -45.53 # Southernmost_Latitude: -45.53 # Easternmost_Longitude: 170.22 # Westernmost_Longitude: 170.22 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Reichgelt2016stomata # Earliest_Year: 23030000 # Most_Recent_Year: 22984000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm person who entered data date of data entry Citation doi "Sample Name" Family Genus Species "Sample repository" "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic Level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) CO2 type CO2 low (ppm) CO2 high (ppm) "What is the CO2 range (""low"" and ""high"")?" What is the distribution of the uncertainties? "Counting Method (Image, microscope)" "Counting box dimensions (µm × µm)" Dab eDab N_eDab Dad eDad N_eDad GCLab eGCLab N_eGCLab GCLad eGCLad N_eGCLad GCWab eGCWab N_eGCWab GCWad eGCWad N_eGCWad d13Cp ed13Cp N_ed13Cp d13Ca ed13Ca N_ed13Ca CO2_0 A0 eA0 N_eA0 CiCa0 eCiCa0 N_eCiCa0 gb egb N_egb s1 es1 N_es1 s2 es2 N_es2 s3 es3 N_es3 s4 es4 N_es4 s5 es5 N_es5 fixed_A b d.v. gamma temp stomata-franks Reichgelt 2016 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.026 23023 7 7 516 276 188 Tammo Reichgelt Dec-17 "Reichgelt, T., D'Andrea, W. J., and Fox, B. R. S., 2016, Abrupt plant physiological changes in southern New Zealand at the termination of the Mi-1 event reflect shifts in hydroclimate and pCO2: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 455, p. 115-124." 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.026 "C2-78, FM13, 81, 101" Lauraceae Litsea calicarioides Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Waipiata Volcanic Group Foulden Maar Diatomite 23.02 23.03 23.02 NA "Ar/Ar, Paleomag, varve counts" -45.53 170.22 516 mode 328 792 1? right-skewed microscope 400 × 400 1.95E+08 4.83E+07 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves 1.0545E-05 1.56187E-06 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves 5.05274E-06 1.17737E-06 4 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 leaves -28.85 0.32 leaf wax -6 0.7 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 353.2 4.13 1.03 calculated from 27 modern living Litsea calicaris 0.70 0.064 calculated from 27 modern living Litsea calicaris 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.015 0.00430 "recalculated from other Lauraceae (Laurus nobilis and Cinnamomum camphorum, listed in Niinemets et al. 2009; DOI:10.1093/jxb/erp037)" no 29 0.0007143 40 20 stomata-franks Reichgelt 2016 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.027 23001.5 10.5 10.5 1144 606 462 Tammo Reichgelt Dec-17 "Reichgelt, T., D'Andrea, W. J., and Fox, B. R. S., 2016, Abrupt plant physiological changes in southern New Zealand at the termination of the Mi-1 event reflect shifts in hydroclimate and pCO2: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 455, p. 115-124." 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.027 "FHC2-54, FM12, 8, 6, 40-93" Lauraceae Litsea calicarioides Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Waipiata Volcanic Group Foulden Maar Diatomite 23.00 23.01 22.99 NA "Ar/Ar, Paleomag, varve counts" -45.53 170.22 1144 mode 682 1750 1? right-skewed microscope 400 × 400 1.40E+08 7.76E+07 8 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8 leaves 1.12855E-05 1.8581E-06 8 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8 leaves 4.91534E-06 1.29968E-06 8 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8 leaves -31.86 0.87 leaf wax -6 0.7 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 353.2 4.13 1.03 calculated from 27 modern living Litsea calicaris 0.70 0.064 calculated from 27 modern living Litsea calicaris 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.015 0.00430 "recalculated from other Lauraceae (Laurus nobilis and Cinnamomum camphorum, listed in Niinemets et al. 2009; DOI:10.1093/jxb/erp037)" no 29 0.0007143 40 20 stomata-franks Reichgelt 2016 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.028 22960.5 23.5 23.5 426 334 156 Tammo Reichgelt Dec-17 "Reichgelt, T., D'Andrea, W. J., and Fox, B. R. S., 2016, Abrupt plant physiological changes in southern New Zealand at the termination of the Mi-1 event reflect shifts in hydroclimate and pCO2: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 455, p. 115-124." 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.028 Lauraceae Litsea calicarioides Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Waipiata Volcanic Group Foulden Maar Diatomite 22.96 22.98 22.94 NA "Ar/Ar, Paleomag, varve counts" -45.53 170.22 426 mode 270 760 1? right-skewed microscope 400 × 400 2.45E+08 7.18E+07 44 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 44 leaves 1.05637E-05 1.60831E-06 44 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 44 leaves 5.01798E-06 1.8121E-06 44 leaves 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 44 leaves -29.01 0.91 leaf wax -6 0.7 age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851) 353.2 4.13 1.03 calculated from 27 modern living Litsea calicaris 0.70 0.064 calculated from 27 modern living Litsea calicaris 2 0.1 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0 "pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error" 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 1 0.05 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.2 0.01 generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean 0.015 0.00430 "recalculated from other Lauraceae (Laurus nobilis and Cinnamomum camphorum, listed in Niinemets et al. 2009; DOI:10.1093/jxb/erp037)" no 29 0.0007143 40 20