# Paleo-pCO2 Database Oligocene/Miocene Stomata CO2 Data 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26152 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/tesfamichael2017stomata_franks.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
#
# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Climate Forcing
#
# Dataset DOI: 
#
# Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-02-07
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2020-02-25
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Oligocene/Miocene Stomata CO2 Data 
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Tesfamichael, T.; Royer, D.L.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Stomata Paleo-CO2 data from Tesfamichael et al. 2017, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. 
#	File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format
#
# Additional references:
# Franks, P.J., Royer, D.L., Beerling, D.J., Van de Water, P.K., Cantrill, D.J., Barbour, M.M., Berry, J.A. 2014. New constraints on atmospheric CO2 concentration for the Phanerozoic. Geophysical Research Letters, 41: 4685-4694.
# Kowalczyk, J.B., Royer, D.L., Miller, I.M., Anderson, C.W., Beerling, D.J., Franks, P.J., Grein, M., Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Bowring, S.A., Johnson, K.R., and Ramezani, J., 2018. Multiple proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 from an early Paleocene rainforest: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, p. 1427-1438. 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: Tekie Tesfamichael, Bonnie Jacobs, Neil Tabor, Lauren Michel, Ellen Currano, Mulugeta Feseha, Richard Barclay, John Kappelman, Mark Schmitz
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-10-02 
#	Published_Title: Settling the issue of "decoupling" between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature: [CO2]atm reconstructions across the warming Paleogene-Neogene divide
#	Journal_Name: Geology
#	Volume: 45
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 11
#	Pages: 999-1002
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1130/G39048.1
#	Online_Resource: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/45/11/999/516665/settling-the-issue-of-decoupling-between
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Recent variations in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]atm) have been shown to affect carbon fixation during photosynthesis and are correlated with anatomical and physiological changes observed in leaves of woody dicots. These include changes in stomatal frequency and size and in d13C values. These attributes can be measured on organically preserved leaf fossils, and therefore can be used as proxies for Earth's atmospheric CO2 history. This study tests the link between [CO2]atm and global temperature for the late Oligocene and early Miocene using fossil leaves collected from Ethiopia, by estimating [CO2]atm using a leaf gas exchange model. The results of this study show a statistically significant [CO2]atm rise from ~390 ppm in the late Oligocene to ~870 ppm in the early Miocene. These values demonstrate a positive correlation between [CO2]atm and global average temperature, contrary to some previous studies for this time interval. The results of this study have important implications for understanding future climate change driven by rising [CO2]atm.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: 
#	Grant: 
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Chilga
#	Location: Africa>Eastern Africa>Ethiopia
#	Country: Ethiopia
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 12.51
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 12.51
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 37.12
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 37.12
# 	Elevation:  m
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Tesfamichael2017stomata_Franks
#	Earliest_Year: 27260000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 21700000
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 	
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
#
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
proxy	first_author_last_name	publication_year	doi	age_ka	Age_uncertainty_pos_ka	Age_uncertainty_neg_ka	CO2_ppm	CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm	CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm	person who entered data	date of data entry	Citation	doi	"Sample
Name"	Family	Genus	Species	"Sample
repository"	"Geologic
Formation"	Stratigraphic Level	Age (Ma)	"Age uncertainty, old (Ma)"	"Age uncertainty, young (Ma)"	Age scale (GTS20XX)	How was age determined?	"Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)"	"Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)"	Estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm)	CO2 type	CO2 low (ppm)	CO2 high (ppm)	"What is the CO2 range (""low"" and ""high"")?"	What is the distribution of the uncertainties?	"Counting Method
(Image, microscope)"	"Counting box dimensions
(µm × µm)"	Dab	eDab	N_eDab	Dad	eDad	N_eDad	GCLab	eGCLab	N_eGCLab	GCLad	eGCLad	N_eGCLad	GCWab	eGCWab	N_eGCWab	GCWad	eGCWad	N_eGCWad	d13Cp	ed13Cp	N_ed13Cp	d13Ca	ed13Ca	N_ed13Ca	CO2_0	A0	eA0	N_eA0	CiCa0	eCiCa0	N_eCiCa0	gb	egb	N_egb	s1	es1	N_es1	s2	es2	N_es2	s3	es3	N_es3	s4	es4	N_es4	s5	es5	N_es5	fixed_A	b	d.v.	gamma	temp
stomata-franks	Tesfamichael	2017	10.1130/G39048.1	21730	30	30	809	300	168	Dana L. Royer	Dec-17	"Tesfamichael, T., Jacobs, B., Tabor, N., Michel, L., Currano, E., Feseha, M., Barclay, R., Kappelman, J., and Schmitz, M., 2017, Settling the issue of “decoupling” between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature: [CO2]atm reconstructions across the warming Paleogene-Neogene divide: Geology, v. 45, p. 999-1002."	10.1130/G39048.1	Mush Valley mean	Salicaceae	Scolopia	NA	National Museum of Ethiopia	unnamed	Ten sub-localities from lacustrine shales spanning 7m in stratigraphic distance	21.73	21.76	21.7	NA	U-Pb age from zircons in ash directly underneath fossil plant bed	9.79	39.65	809	"median (note: the median and percentiles were calculated by estimating CO2 from each leaf separately, and then combining the resamples into a grand list (10000 resamples x 31 leaves = 310000; estimating CO2 from the site means of the inputs listed in this row will return a different answer)"	641	1109	16 and 84 percentiles	right skewed	microscope	400x magnification; three 0.15mm^2 fields-of-view were counted for each cuticle fragment	2.18E+08	7.18E+06	31 leaves	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	31 leaves	1.67E-05	1.92E-07	31 leaves	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	31 leaves	8.18E-06	4.37E-07	31 leaves	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	31 leaves	-29.50	0.25	31 leaves	-6.1	0.6	age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851)	400	12	1	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean			not given because v1 of the model was used	2	0.1	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	1	0	"pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error"	0.74	0.01	source of measurements are not described	1	0.05	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	0.2	0.01	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	0.01	0.00065	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	no	30	0.000940096	40	25
stomata-franks	Tesfamichael	2017	10.1130/G39048.1	27230	30	30	384	59	46	Dana L. Royer	Dec-17	"Tesfamichael, T., Jacobs, B., Tabor, N., Michel, L., Currano, E., Feseha, M., Barclay, R., Kappelman, J., and Schmitz, M., 2017, Settling the issue of “decoupling” between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature: [CO2]atm reconstructions across the warming Paleogene-Neogene divide: Geology, v. 45, p. 999-1002."	10.1130/G39048.1	Chilga mean	Fabaceae	Cynometra	chaka	National Museum of Ethiopia	unnamed	Guang River site (three sub-localities from same stratigraphic level)	27.23	27.26	27.2	NA	U-Pb age from zircons in ash interbedded with fossil plants	12.51	37.12	384	"median (note: the median and percentiles were calculated by estimating CO2 from each leaf separately, and then combining the resamples into a grand list (10000 resamples x 14 leaves = 140000; estimating CO2 from the site means of the inputs listed in this row will return a different answer)"	338	443	16 and 84 percentiles	right skewed	microscope	400x magnification; three 0.15mm^2 fields-of-view were counted for each cuticle fragment	5.15E+08	2.44E+07	14 leaves	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	14 leaves	1.42E-05	3.84E-07	14 leaves	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	14 leaves	7.29E-06	2.42E-07	14 leaves	0.00E+00	0.00E+00	14 leaves	-26.17	0.20	14 leaves	-6.1	0.6	age model of Tipple et al. (2010; 10.1029/2009PA001851)	400	12	1	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean			not given because v1 of the model was used	2	0.1	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	1	0	"pore length was measured directly, so this scalar has no error"	0.79	0.01	source of measurements are not described	1	0.05	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	0.2	0.01	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	0.01	0.00065	generic value from Franks et al. (2014); 1 sigma error is 5% of mean	no	30	0.000940096	40	25