# Paleo-pCO2 Database Messel Formation, Germany Eocene Stomata CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23571 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/grein2011stomata.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-03-09 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Messel Formation, Germany Eocene Stomata CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Grein, M.; Konrad, W.; Wilde, V.; Utescher, T.; Roth-Nebelsick, A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from fossil plant stomata collected in the Messel Formation, Germany, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # # Evaluation of error margin: # With the introduction of the model approach (Konrad et al. 2008, Journal of Theoretical Biology 253, 638-658), the most “critical“ input parameters were identified. # Critical parameters have the widest uncertainty ranges and the strongest influence on the results. # These are # relative humidity # temperature T (of growing season)) # q # Ci/Ca # Environmental parameters are obtained by paleoclimate reconstruction, via coexistence approach and/or leaf margin analysis. The results are ranges. # q is obtained by measurement and literature values of extant relatives of the fossil taxon. Here, also ranges are the result. # Ci/Ca is calculated from carbon isotopes of the fossil material. The result is a mean with standard deviation. # To approximate the error margin, the critical parameters were varied systematically: for each, the lowest and the highest value was inserted. # While for q and environment this corresponds to the lower and upper end of the ranges, it is for Ci/Ca the mean plus and minus standard deviation. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: M. Grein, W. Konrad, V. Wilde, T.Utescher, A. Roth-Nebelsick # Published_Date_or_Year: 2011-09-01 # Published_Title: Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany # Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology # Volume: 309 # Edition: # Issue: 3-4 # Pages: 383-391 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003101821100383X # Full_Citation: # Abstract: In this study, atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene (~ 47 Ma) is reconstructed using fossil plants from the Messel Formation close to Darmstadt, Germany. CO2 concentration is calculated using a mechanistic model of gas exchange which optimizes CO2 uptake by photosynthesis against water vapor loss by transpiration, a strategy that is commonly realized in land plants. Input data for the model are stomatal data (density and pore length), paleoclimate data obtained by two different approaches and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis. Leaves from three taxa belonging to two different families were studied: Laurophyllum lanigeroides, Daphnogene crebrigranosa (both Lauraceae) and Rhodomyrtophyllum sinuatum (Myrtaceae). The results suggest that CO2 was between 853 and 1033 ppm during the development of the Messel Formation. Stomatal data therefore indicate a CO2 concentration that was substantially higher than today. The reconstructed range of CO2 concentration is close to data provided by geochemical modeling results and conforms to various data that indicate a warm and ice-free climate during this time interval. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Messel Formation # Location: Europe>Western Europe>Germany # Country: Germany # Northernmost_Latitude: 49.91 # Southernmost_Latitude: 49.91 # Easternmost_Longitude: 8.76 # Westernmost_Longitude: 8.76 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Grein2011stomata # Earliest_Year: 48000000 # Most_Recent_Year: 47600000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # REFERENCE AND CONTACT INFORMATION SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AGE CONSTRAINTS TAXONOMIC INFORMATION COUNTING STOMATAL AND OTHER ANATOMICAL DATA d13C DATA BIOCHEMICAL DATA FROM EXTANT RELATIVE SPECIES PALEOCLIMATE INPUT DATA RESULTS proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm Name of individual entering the data Contact email Reference of the data product DOI link to reference Citation Sample namea "Sample Repository" Location "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Family Genus Species "Counting Method (Image, microscope)" "Counting box dimensions (µm × µm)" Number of countsa Stomatal density SD [1/mm2] 2s uncertainty Stomatal pore length SL [µm] 2s uncertainty Stomatal pore depth [µm] (derived from guard cell width) 2s uncertainty Maximum aperture width [µm] derived from pore length/2 2s uncertainty Thickness of assimilating tissue [µm] own measurements or estimation from literatureb if own measurements: 2s uncertainty Reference for thickness of assimilating tissue Porosity of leaf tissueb [-] Reference for porosity of leaf tissue Tortuosity of leaf tissueb [-] Reference for tortuosity of leaf tissue Leaf length estimated [mm] d13C atmosphere calculated from marine carbonates [‰] Reference for d13C atmosphere calculated from marine carbonates d13C plant material [‰] 2s uncertainty Ci/Ca from d13C [-] 2s uncertainty Mean q (=Vcmax) [µmol*m-2*s-1] range of values as derived from literatureb Min q (=Vcmax) [µmol*m-2*s-1] Max q (=Vcmax) [µmol*m-2*s-1] References for q Rd25 [µmol*m-2*s-1] as derived from literatureb Reference for Rd25 Paleoclimate reconstruction used for estimating air temperature range during vegetation period Reference for method for estimating air temperature range during vegetation period Mean T of vegetation period [°C] range of values as derived from paleoclimate reconstruction Min T of vegetation period [°C] Max T of vegetation period [°C] Paleoclimate reconstruction used for estimating relative humidity during vegetation period Reference for relative humidity Mean relative humidity of vegetation period [%] Min relative humidity of vegetation period [%] Max relative humidity of vegetation period [%] Wind speed [m/s] Estimation O2 of air [ppm] Reference for O2 CO2 mean from resulting CO2 range [ppm] Min CO2 [ppm] Max CO2 [ppm] stomata-konrad-OM Grein 2011 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 47800 200 200 690 343 343 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" RS1-RS24 State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Messel pit Messel Oil Shale Various layers 47.8 48 47.6 GTS2012 40Ar/39Ar 49.91 8.76 Myrtaceae Rhodomyrtophyllum Rhodomyrtophyllum sinuatum microscope 300 x 300 24 leaves 282 59 7.56 2 13.2 1.3 3.78 2 117 55 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 63 -6.2 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -27.6 0.9 0.78 0.04 50 33.7 54.3 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.5 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" Coexistence approach and Leaf Margin Analysis "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 22 16.8 23.9 Coexistence approach and Leaf Margin Analysis "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 75 73 77 1 210000 690 347 1033 stomata-konrad-OM Grein 2012 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 47800 200 200 918 451 451 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" LL1-LL28 State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Messel pit Messel Oil Shale Various layers 47.8 48 47.6 GTS2012 40Ar/39Ar 49.91 8.76 Lauraceae Laurophyllum Laurophyllum lanigeroides microscope 300 x 300 28 leaves 410 65 7.12 1.5 21.8 1.4 3.56 1.5 90.8 8 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 67 -6.2 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -28.7 0.8 0.83 0.04 40 33.7 53 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.5 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" Coexistence approach and Leaf Margin Analysis "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 22 16.8 23.9 Coexistence approach and Leaf Margin Analysis "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 75 73 77 1 210000 918 467 1369 stomata-konrad-OM Grein 2013 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 47800 200 200 1502 649 649 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.008 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" DC1-DC23 State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Messel pit Messel Oil Shale Various layers 47.8 48 47.6 GTS2012 40Ar/39Ar 49.91 8.76 Lauraceae Daphnogene Daphnogene crebriganosa microscope 300 x 300 23 leaves 327 46 6.29 1.3 16.3 1 3.15 1.3 88 9 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 63 -6.2 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -29.5 0.7 0.87 0.03 40 33.7 53 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.5 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" Coexistence approach and Leaf Margin Analysis "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 22 16.8 23.9 Coexistence approach and Leaf Margin Analysis "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 75 73 77 1 210000 1502 853 2151