# Paleo-pCO2 Database Cenozoic Stomata CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25910 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/steinthorsdottir2016stomata.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-12-25 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-07-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Cenozoic Stomata CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Steinthorsdottir, M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from fossil plant stomata, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Margret Steinthorsdottir, Amanda S. Porter, Aidan Holohan, Lutz Kunzmann, Margaret Collinson, and Jennifer C. McElwain # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-02-25 # Published_Title: Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 12 # Edition: # Issue: 2 # Pages: 439-454 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 # Online_Resource: https://www.clim-past.net/12/439/2016/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A unique stratigraphic sequence of fossil leaves of Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis (extinct trees of the beech family, Fagaceae) from central Germany has been used to derive an atmospheric pCO2 record with multiple data points spanning the late middle to late Eocene, two sampling levels which may be earliest Oligocene, and two samples from later in the Oligocene. Using the inverse relationship between the density of stomata and pCO2, we show that pCO2 decreased continuously from the late middle to late Eocene, reaching a relatively stable low value before the end of the Eocene. Based on the subsequent records, pCO2 in parts of the Oligocene was similar to latest Eocene values. These results suggest that a decrease in pCO2 preceded the large shift in marine oxygen isotope records that characterizes the Eocene-Oligocene transition and that when a certain threshold of pCO2 change was crossed, the cumulative effects of this and other factors resulted in rapid temperature decline, ice build up on Antarctica and hence a change of climate mode. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Margret Steinthorsdottir, Vivi Vajda, Mike Pole # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-12-15 # Published_Title: Global trends of pCO2 across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary supported by the first Southern Hemisphere stomatal proxy-based pCO2 reconstruction # Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology # Volume: 464 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 143-152 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.033 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216300967 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Reliable reconstructions of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) are required at higher resolution than currently available to help resolve the relationship between mass extinctions and changes in palaeo-pCO2 levels. Such reconstructions are needed: 1, at a high temporal resolution for constraining the pre- and post-extinction atmospheres; and 2, at a sufficient spatial resolution to constrain potential inter-hemispheric differences. Here we estimate pCO2 based on fossil Lauraceae leaf cuticle specimens derived from three localities with strata spanning the latest Cretaceous to the mid-Paleocene, including a new Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (K-Pg) locality, in New Zealand. We use two independent methods of stomatal density-based pCO2 reconstructions; a transfer function calibrated using herbarium material and the stomatal ratio method, producing three calibration sets. Our results based on the mean values of each of the three calibration methods indicate pCO2 ranging between ca. 460 and 650 ppm during the latest Cretaceous, falling precipitously to average values between ca. 360 and 430 ppm across the K-Pg boundary, and further to ca. 305-320 ppm in the mid-Paleocene. A 'spike' of extremely high pCO2 at the K-Pg could not be confirmed, but our results are, nonetheless, consistent with previously published pCO2 records from the Northern Hemisphere, and show that stomatal density worldwide was responding to significant changes in pCO2 across the K-Pg. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Margret Steinthorsdottir, Vivi Vajda, Mike Pole # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-02-01 # Published_Title: Significant transient pCO2 perturbation at the New Zealand Oligocene-Miocene transition recorded by fossil plant stomata # Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology # Volume: 515 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages:152-161 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.039 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018217307332 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The reorganisation of Earth's climate system from the Oligocene to the Miocene was influenced by complex interactions between Tethyan tectonics, orbital parameters, oceanographic changes, and carbon cycle feedbacks, with climate modelling indicating that pCO2 was an important factor. Oscillating episodes of climate change during the Oligocene-Miocene transition (OMT) have however been difficult to reconcile with existing pCO2 records. Here we present a new pCO2 record from the OMT into the early Miocene, reconstructed using the stomatal proxy method with a database of fossil Lauraceae leaves from New Zealand. The leaf database derives from three relatively well-dated sites located in the South Island of New Zealand; Foulden Maar, Mataura River and Grey Lake. Atmospheric pCO2 values were obtained based on four separate calibrations with three nearest living equivalents, using the stomatal ratio method as well as transfer functions. Our results, based on the mean values of each of the four calibrations, indicate pCO2 ranging ~582-732 ppm (average 650 ppm) at the OMT, falling precipitously to mean values of ~430-538 ppm (average 492 ppm) for the earliest Miocene and ~454-542 ppm (average 502 ppm) in the early Miocene. The much higher values of pCO2 at the OMT indicate that pCO played an important role in climate dynamics during this time, potentially including the abrupt termination of glaciations. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Stockholm University postdoctoral research fellowship # Grant: SU 619-2974-12 Nat #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Bolin Centre for Climate Research # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swedish Research Council # Grant: NT-7 2016 04905, VR 2015 4264 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Global # Location: Global # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -90 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Steinthorsdottir2016stomata # Earliest_Year: 65900000 # Most_Recent_Year: 19000000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NA # proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty_neg_ppm person who entered data email of individual entering the data Reference of the data product doi "Sample name" Family Genus Species "Sample Repository" "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic Level Age (Ma) Age uncertainty, old (Ma) Age uncertainty, young (Ma) Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? Number of leaves/leaf fragments Modern Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Modern Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Paleo Latitude (decimal degree, south negative) Paleo Longitude (decimal degree, west negative) Number of stomatal counts per leaf sample "Counting Method (microscope, published image)" "Counting box dimensions (µm × µm)" # Stomata # Epidermal Cells Mean stomatal density (n/mm2) SD error (+/- 1 s.e.m.) Mean epidermal density (n/mm2) ED error (+/- 1 s.e.m.) Mean stomatal index (%) SI error (+/- 1 s.e.m.) "Nearest Living Equivalent species" "NLE SD/SI value" Standardization (Modern or Carboniferous) Reported mean CO2 (ppm) Reported CO2 Uncertainty (Low) Reported CO2 Uncertainty (High) What is the uncertainty range? Remarks stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 24000 1000 1000 476 107 107 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Witznitz, Espenhain-Störmthal Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Cottbus latest Oligocene 24 25 23 NA Palynology 45 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 569.02 108.40 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 476 369 583 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 26000 1500 1500 429 79 79 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Kleinsaubernitz Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Cottbus late Oligocene 26 27.5 24.5 NA Palynology 25 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 623.29 97.82 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 429 350 508 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 33800 1000 1000 409 80 80 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Schleenhain 4, Haselbach 2 Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Bo¨hlen earliest Oligocene 33.8 34.8 32.8 NA Palynology 21 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 657.13 118.98 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 409 329 489 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 34000 1000 1000 410 48 48 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Schleenhain 3 Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Bo¨hlen latest Eocene 34 35 33 NA Palynology 11 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 642.88 84.05 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 410 362 458 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 35500 1000 1000 365 72 72 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Schleenhain 2 Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Borna late Eocene 35.5 36.5 34.5 NA Palynology 39 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 740.65 148.90 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 365 293 437 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 36000 1500 1500 422 72 72 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Schleenhain 1 Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Borna late Eocene 36 37.5 34.5 NA Palynology 4 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 661.18 90.93 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 422 350 494 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 37500 1500 1500 538 93 93 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Knau Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Borna late Eocene 37.5 39 36 NA Palynology 4 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 495.50 77.80 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 538 445 631 NA stomata-SR Steinthorsdottir 2016a 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 39000 1500 1500 633 138 138 Margret Steinthorsdottir margret.stein@gmail.com Steinthorsdottir, M., Porter, A. S., Holohan, A., Kunzmann, L., Collinson, M., and McElwain, J. C., 2016a, Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO2 prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary: Climate of the Past, v. 12, p. 439-454. 10.5194/cp-12-439-2016 Profen-Süd Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Germany Profen late middle Eocene 39 40.5 37.5 NA Palynology 1 NA NA NA NA 5 Microscope 0.042 mm2 NA NA 426.14 83.56 NA NA NA NA Trigonobalanus doichangensis SD = 546.11 mm2 at pCO2 of 351 ppm Both for min & max 633 495 771 NA