Atlantic Coretop Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and d18O Calibration Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Atlantic Coretop Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and d18O Calibration Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Arbuszewski, J., P. deMenocal, A. Kaplan, and E.C. Farmer. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-013 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Arbuszewski, J., et al. 2011. Atlantic Coretop Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and d18O Calibration Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-013. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Arbuszewski, J., P. deMenocal, A. Kaplan, and E.C. Farmer. 2010. On the fidelity of shell-derived d18Oseawater estimates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 300, Issues 3-4, pp. 185-196, 1 December 2010. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.035 ABSTRACT: Paired foraminiferal Magnesium/Calcium ratio and oxygen isotope analyses are widely used to estimate surface ocean d18Oseawater, a robust proxy for surface salinity. We assess the fidelity of shell-derived d18Oseawater estimates for the surface-dwelling foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white) using an Atlantic meridional coretop transect spanning basin-scale temperature and salinity gradients. Shell-derived and observed d18Oseawater values are well correlated (r2=0.77), but a large systematic bias is observed. Shell Mg/Ca ratios are significantly elevated above values expected from observed and isotopic calcification temperatures in the saline subtropical gyres of both hemispheres. This temperature-independent shell Mg/Ca ratio variability, termed "excess Mg/Ca", is highly correlated with surface salinity (r2=0.77), and the observed salinity dependence (27±4%) is much higher than indicated by culture studies (6±2%). Our coretop data are used to develop new Atlantic Basin temperature and salinity calibration equations that are accurate (±1.1°C and ±0.20, respectively), precise (r2=0.82 and 0.81, respectively), and verifiable using previously published data. These results are valid for the relatively high salinities of the subtropical Atlantic (35.5-37.3). We discover that inclusion of other published data from lower salinity regions (< 35) indicates little or no excess Mg/Ca. Taken together, these results point to a strongly non-linear, positive salinity effect on shell Mg/Ca ratios that significantly affects the accuracy of SST and d18Oseawater estimates in high salinity settings (>35). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Anand, P., H. Elderfield, and M.H. Conte. 2003. Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography 18, 15. Dekens, P.S., D.W. Lea, D.K., Pak, and H.J. Spero. 2002. Core top calibration of Mg/Ca in tropical foraminifera: refining paleotemperature estimation. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3, 29. Farmer, E.C. 2005. Tropical Atlantic Climate Change From Mg/Ca and Oxygen Isotopes of Planktonic Foraminifera. Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University. Ferguson, J.E., G.M. Henderson, M. Kucera, and R.E.M. Rickaby. 2008. Systematic change of foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios across a strong salinity gradient. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 265, 153–166. Lea, D., D.K. Pak, L.C. Peterson, and K.A. Hughen. 2003. Synchroneity of tropical and high latitude Atlantic temperatures over the last glacial termination. Science 301, 1361–1364. Lund, D.C. and W. Curry. 2006. Florida current surface temperature and salinity variability during the last Millennium. Paleoceanography 21, 15. Mathien-Blard, E. and F. Bassinot. 2009. Salinity bias on the foraminifera Mg/Ca thermometry: correction procedure and implications for past ocean hydrographic reconstructions. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 10, 17. McConnell, M.C. and R.C. Thunell. 2005. Calibration of the planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometer: sediment trap results from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Paleoceanography 20, 18. Oppo, D.W., Y. Rosenthal, and B.K. Linsley. 2009. 2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool. Nature 460, 1113–1116. Richey, J.N., R.Z. Poore, B.P. Flower, and T. Quinn. 2007. 1400 year multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Geology 35, 423–426. Schmidt, M.W., H.J. Spero, and D.W. Lea. 2004. Links between salinity variation in the Caribbean and North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Nature 428, 160–163. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: Modern FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE-07-52649, Lamont Climate Center, Lamont REU program, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grants NA07OAR4310060 and NAOAR4320912 to A. Kaplan. DESCRIPTION: Coretop foraminiferal magnesium/calcium ratio and oxygen isotope data from a meridional transect of 64 Atlantic samples. Mg/Ca ratio and d18O measured on Globigerinoides ruber (white) are used to evaluate shell-derived d18Oseawater estimates across different salinity regimes in the Atlantic Ocean. DATA: 1. Mg/Ca and d18O coretop data for Arbuszewski et al. 2010 64-core Atlantic transect CoreID SampleDepth Lat. Long. WaterDepth Mg/Ca d18O Mg/Ca Avg.Shell d18Osw (cm) (m) (mmol/mol) per mil excess weight(ug) calculated VM29-178 6.5 42.85 -25.15 3448 2.732 -0.365 0.64 1.47 VM30-97 5.5 41 -32.93 3371 2.798 -0.085 0.91 1.80 VM30-96 3.5 39.95 -33.13 3188 2.757 -0.483 0.47 1.34 VM27-267 0 35.63 -44.28 4722 2.646 0.09 0.96 14.2 2.01 VM27-263 9.5 35.02 -40.92 3704 3.52 -0.537 1.17 1.92 VM27-161 0 33.58 -13.97 4446 2.81 0.062 1.05 16.92 2.09 VM17-165 3.5 32.75 -41.9 3924 3.108 -0.507 0.77 1.69 VM27-261 2.5 31.37 -35.98 3253 3.666 -0.109 1.59 2.38 VM19-308 4.5 29.02 -41.4 3197 4.603 -0.686 1.87 2.33 VM22-219 4.5 27.92 -43.63 2582 4.841 -0.937 1.65 2.11 VM20-244 1.5 26 -48.27 3953 4.802 -1.119 1.58 2.09 VM10-93 2.5 24.2 -47.47 3574 5.248 -0.856 2.29 2.51 VM16-206 6.5 23.33 -46.48 3733 4.841 -0.965 1.77 2.23 VM14-2 2.5 20.72 -49.43 4171 4.416 -0.677 1.84 2.36 VM16-21 3.5 17.27 -48.42 3975 4.489 -0.915 1.69 2.14 VM16-22 0.5 16.4 -45.77 3948 4.59 -1.381 1.2 1.72 VM16-205 6.5 15.4 -43.4 4043 3.986 -0.668 1.54 2.12 VM22-202 0 14.4 -21.15 4310 3.045 -0.841 0.63 13.29 1.36 VM25-44 2.5 11.5 -45.15 4049 3.55 -1.393 0.4 1.13 VM32-67 2.5 11.28 -42.5 4082 3.606 -1.828 -0.24 0.73 VM16-203 1.5 9.35 -39.87 4158 3.736 -1.689 0.23 17.91 0.96 VM20-234 9.5 5.32 -33.03 3133 4.261 -2.019 0.01 0.81 VM25-60 3.5 3.3 -34.8 3750 3.917 -1.549 0.54 16.47 1.16 VM22-30 7.5 3.25 -34.25 3529 3.785 -1.85 -0.11 0.75 VM20-233 4.5 2.01 -35.93 3884 4.016 -1.573 0.6 16.17 1.21 RC13-189 4.5 1.85 -30 3233 4.029 -1.565 0.53 0.73 VM22-31 7.5 1.85 -32.47 3436 4.131 -2.06 -0.18 1.14 RC13-188 2.5 1.8 -33.7 3450 3.964 -1.701 0.27 15.09 1.00 RC13-190 0 1.78 -25.43 3797 3.726 -1.42 0.57 14.6 1.18 VM25-59 2.5 1.37 -33.48 3824 3.952 -1.882 0.03 0.86 VM22-32 5.5 0.9 -31.8 3000 4.295 -1.706 0.48 15.32 1.12 VM14-5 7.5 0.85 -32.85 3255 3.817 -1.781 -0.07 0.81 RC24-01 0 0.55 -13.65 3837 3.126 -1.593 -0.2 0.61 RC24-02 0 0.55 -13.68 3880 3.05 -1.413 -0.02 0.73 VM30-41 1.5 0.22 -23.07 3874 3.297 -1.541 -0.06 0.78 VM25-50 5.5 0.2 -42.77 3749 4.34 -1.759 0.57 1.19 VM27-181 4.5 -0.05 -25.48 3601 3.53 -1.621 -0.02 17.73 0.83 VM30-40 0 -0.2 -23.15 3706 3.256 -1.702 -0.39 0.57 VM26-102 0 -0.38 -39.13 4301 3.325 -1.376 0.22 11.82 1.02 VM22-182 9.5 -0.53 -17.27 3776 3.119 -1.534 -0.22 0.65 RC24-07 0 -1.34 -11.9 3899 3.119 -1.43 -0.02 0.77 VM26-99 0 -1.47 -32.72 4632 3.486 -0.989 0.89 14.62 1.56 VM26-100 0 -1.55 -34.65 4308 3.773 -1.235 0.83 14.18 1.46 VM20-230 2.5 -1.95 -39.03 3294 4.343 -1.866 0.29 1.02 RC24-11 0 -2.18 -11.25 3445 3.303 -1.585 -0.15 16.24 0.69 RC24-13 0 -3.73 -10.88 3921 2.932 -1.851 -0.85 0.21 RC24-15 0 -4.1 -10.87 3504 3.141 -1.733 -0.54 0.43 V22-179 2.5 -4.88 -15.73 3576 3.519 -1.473 0.2 17.31 0.97 RC24-16 0 -5.03 -10.18 3559 3.305 -1.828 -0.53 0.46 RC24-17 0.5 -5.05 -10.18 3559 3.362 -1.758 -0.36 0.57 RC11-17 0 -5.28 -33.43 4490 3.641 -0.762 1.24 14.23 1.87 RC24-19 0 -7.02 -10 3581 3.389 -1.455 0.07 0.90 RC24-21 0 -8.18 -10.12 3718 3.602 -1.203 0.6 1.31 VM22-175 1.5 -8.77 -14.28 2950 3.966 -1.441 0.46 1.20 RC13-210 7.5 -9.13 -10.6 3658 3.847 -1.061 0.97 17.26 1.59 VM22-174 1.5 -10.07 -12.82 2630 4.04 -1.27 0.67 15.45 1.37 RC16-77 6.5 -12.7 -13.4 3400 3.778 -0.32 1.56 2.26 VM22-169 3.5 -16.25 -5.73 3499 3.673 -0.765 1.05 1.76 VM16-35 7.5 -17.65 -15.1 3891 4.234 -0.649 1.72 2.26 VM16-36 13.5 -19.37 -11.43 3329 3.466 0.109 1.63 2.48 VM16-37 3.5 -21.33 -8.95 3908 3.289 -0.166 1.31 15.93 2.16 RC08-18 6.5 -24.07 -15.12 3977 3.817 -0.453 1.57 16.02 2.23 RC08-19 10.5 -24.3 -14.7 3640 4.261 -0.383 2.04 2.51 RC08-23 9.5 -25.15 -12.77 3338 3.921 -0.458 1.61 16.02 2.20 2. Previously published Mg/Ca and d18O coretop data Basin Lat. Long. WaterDepth(m) CoreID annSSS AnnSST DCO32-* d18Osw Mg/Ca d18Ocalite d18Osw ExcessMg/Ca Reference Repl.Mg/Ca GLODAP dCO32- NOTES Pacific -2.22 156.95 1625 MW91-9-8 34.44 29.35 14.61 0.26 4.48 -2.40 0.14 0.75 Dekens et al., 2002 WOA 05 Salinity Pacific -0.49 157.84 2022 MW91-9-34 34.41 29.33 9.20 0.26 4.28 -2.56 -0.12 0.37 Dekens et al., 2002 Schmidt d18O seawater Pacific 2.80 -89.85 2030 TR-163 18 33.33 26.69 1.71 -0.02 2.90 -1.88 -0.34 0.32 Dekens et al., 2002 Samples from the Rio Grande Rise should not be used as stated in the Dekens et al., 2002 publication Pacific 2.25 -90.95 2340 TR-163 19 33.53 26.30 -0.25 0.03 2.98 -1.87 -0.27 0.40 Dekens et al., 2002 Pacific 0.01 159.37 2456 MW91-9-38 34.46 29.33 4.85 0.27 3.96 -2.13 0.13 0.77 Dekens et al., 2002 Pacific 0.32 159.37 2520 ODP 806B 34.46 29.32 2.57 0.27 4.02 -2.40 -0.11 0.46 Dekens et al., 2002 Pacific -2.47 -82.98 2890 TR-163 32 34.36 22.56 -3.28 0.24 2.39 -1.40 -0.31 0.15 Dekens et al., 2002 Pacific -2.24 -86.58 3180 TR-163 27 34.54 23.37 -5.66 0.29 2.50 -1.12 0.07 0.50 Dekens et al., 2002 Pacific -2.32 -86.23 3200 TR-163 28 34.54 23.29 -5.91 0.29 2.46 -0.86 0.30 0.68 Dekens et al., 2002 Pacific -7.60 -167.97 4430 CHN100 87PG 35.25 29.13 -23.05 0.47 3.50 -1.64 0.33 0.98 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 31.9 -64.3 4469 OCE 173-4 “G” 36.53 23.14 2.15 1.00 3.13 -0.58 1.70 0.81 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 18.4 -21.1 3093 V30-49 36.18 22.89 26.17 0.92 3.20 -1.44 0.72 -0.29 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 16.5 -74.8 3047 KNR-64 5PG 35.63 27.67 30.98 0.79 4.27 -2.19 0.63 -0.31 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 6.6 -21.9 3527 EN66 10 35.42 27.56 19.40 0.74 3.35 -0.94 1.38 0.81 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 5.5 -21.1 3160 EN6616 35.39 27.74 27.01 0.73 3.31 -1.78 0.46 -0.41 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 5.3 -21.7 3423 EN66 44 35.40 27.72 22.22 0.73 3.45 -1.71 0.66 -0.11 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.9 -42.9 4556 KNR-110 55 35.71 27.57 -5.15 0.81 3.26 -1.84 0.55 -0.39 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.9 -43.2 3995 KNR-110 50 35.71 27.58 14.47 0.81 4.01 -2.12 0.67 -0.24 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.8 -43.0 4341 KNR-110 58 35.72 27.58 -0.75 0.81 3.80 -1.93 0.78 -0.05 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.8 -43.3 3810 KNR-110 91 35.73 27.58 20.88 0.81 3.74 -2.30 0.31 -0.91 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.6 -43.4 3547 KNR-110 66 35.75 27.58 26.00 0.82 4.10 -2.08 0.71 -0.20 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.4 -43.7 3164 KNR-110 71 35.79 27.58 33.22 0.83 3.94 -2.08 0.57 -0.47 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.3 -43.4 3063 KNR-110 75 35.79 27.58 32.14 0.83 3.69 -2.32 0.16 -1.23 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 4.3 -43.5 2816 KNR-110 82 35.79 27.58 36.74 0.83 3.85 -2.31 0.24 -1.11 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 2.5 -19.8 5105 EN66 29 35.46 27.37 -21.20 0.75 2.97 -1.60 0.64 -0.14 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 1.4 -33.5 3824 VM25-59 35.87 27.38 19.00 0.85 3.57 -2.01 0.49 -0.59 Dekens et al., 2002 Atlantic 32.75 -76.25 1809 Site 1055 36.21 24.70 52.7 0.92 4.46 -1.56 0.97 0.09 deMenocal, unpublished Atlantic 12.75 -78.75 2828 Site 999 35.71 27.66 13.96 0.80 4.14 -1.86 0.50 -0.58 Schmidt, 2004 Atlantic 11.50 -78.45 3623 VM28-122 35.68 27.72 16.93 0.80 3.83 -1.97 0.67 -0.22 Schmidt, 2004 Atlantic 24.30 -83.25 547 MC62 36.02 26.67 119.68 0.88 4.21 -1.55 0.85 -0.05 Lund and Curry, 2006 Atlantic 24.55 -79.25 531 MC118 36.26 26.82 123.67 0.94 4.91 -1.92 0.84 -0.21 Lund and Curry, 2006 Atlantic 24.75 -79.26 694 MC125 36.26 26.82 88.02 0.94 4.86 -1.93 0.80 -0.29 Lund and Curry, 2006 Atlantic 27.18 -91.40 2280 PigmyBasin PBBC-1 36.14 24.24 43.44 0.91 4.40 -1.53 0.97 0.12 Richey et al, 2007 Atlantic 10.70 -64.93 790 PL07-39PC 36.60 26.00 34.0 1.02 4.27 -1.11 1.32 0.53 Lea et al., 2003 GLODAP dCO32- Atlantic 29.81 -43.22 2836 INMD48BX.1 36.96 23.27 38.20 1.19 4.13 -0.48 1.88 1.06 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 37.61 Mg/Ca values are reduced by 10% from the published values to account for the difference between the cleaning protocol used in the Mathien-Blard and Bassinot study (oxidative only) and that used in Arbuszewski et al., 2010 (oxidative + reductive cleaning) Atlantic 34.80 -28.37 2520 INMD68BX.6 36.47 20.43 42.30 1.04 3.25 -0.27 1.53 0.62 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 45.32 S taken straight from Mathien-Blard and Bassinot paper Atlantic 37.75 -20.18 2310 MD952038 36.23 18.63 47.70 0.94 2.56 -0.12 1.12 0.20 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 50.45 delta carbonate shown is from Mathien-Blard and Bassinot paper Atlantic 42.50 -32.35 3290 9007P 35.98 17.36 34.80 0.78 2.72 -0.05 1.34 0.58 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 26.53 Atlantic 41.00 -32.00 2865 9004P 36.03 18.07 26.30 0.81 3.00 -0.42 1.19 0.46 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 36.90 Atlantic 40.57 -30.95 2220 9002P 36.03 18.01 49.10 0.83 2.88 -0.06 1.46 0.69 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 52.64 Atlantic 40.05 -32.00 2475 9003P 36.09 18.49 39.50 0.84 2.70 -0.27 1.10 0.29 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 46.42 Atlantic 43.83 -30.58 3080 9008P 35.89 16.51 39.40 0.74 2.74 -0.29 1.11 0.41 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 31.66 Atlantic 42.00 -32.67 3510 9006P 35.98 17.60 32.50 0.78 2.66 0.00 1.34 0.57 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 21.17 Atlantic 17.43 -77.65 1020 CHO 288-54 35.72 N/A 47.60 0.82 4.82 -2.06 0.65 -0.37 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 81.92 Atlantic 47.45 -8.53 2174 MD95-2002 35.52 13.95 50.40 0.56 1.88 0.34 0.87 0.24 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 53.76 Atlantic 34.97 -75.20 620 MD99-2203 35.99 22.75 93.70 0.72 3.99 -1.42 0.85 0.22 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 91.68 Indian -19 37.5 1226 MD79-255 35.04 26.44 20.60 0.44 3.56 -1.90 0.11 -0.54 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 31.80 Indian -20.4 36.33 1262 MD79-257 35.10 26.16 18.90 0.44 3.81 -1.81 0.36 -0.14 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 31.27 Indian 12.02 44.32 1327 MD92-1002 36.29 27.98 8.90 0.77 4.89 -1.76 0.98 0.43 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 30.31 Indian -9.22 114.72 2775 MD00-2359 34.15 27.86 17.50 0.26 4.26 -2.44 -0.01 -0.54 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 8.88 Indian -9.65 118.33 2100 MD98-2165 34.10 28.13 14.90 0.28 4.32 -2.59 -0.13 -0.84 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 18.87 Indian 14.52 93.13 1375 MD77-176 32.57 28.28 16.40 -0.10 4.23 -3.02 -0.61 -1.04 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 29.60 Indian -20.08 112.67 980 MD00-2360top 35.00 25.71 20.20 0.42 4.12 -1.71 0.64 0.38 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 35.44 Indian 14.43 42.23 708 MD92-1008 36.49 28.88 138.70 0.50 5.89 -1.86 1.32 1.75 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 39.47 Indian -12.28 112.72 2520 MD002358top 34.36 28.07 31.10 0.31 3.32 -1.97 -0.12 -0.68 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 12.65 Indian -9.22 114.72 2775 MD00-2359 34.15 27.86 17.50 0.26 4.19 -2.70 -0.31 -1.17 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 8.88 Indian 18.05 57.62 808 ODP117-723 36.10 N/A 16.80 0.61 6.17 -2.25 1.03 1.03 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 37.99 Indian 7.5 76.72 1254 MD77-191 34.73 28.38 7.60 0.25 4.62 -2.44 0.17 -0.16 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 31.39 Pac -2.23 157 1598 ERDC92BX 34.46 29.35 8.00 0.27 4.56 -2.44 0.15 -0.25 Mathien-Blard and Bassinot, 2009 17.41 Pacific; 27.88 -111.67 485 sediment trap 35.32 23.38 N/A 0.26* SeeOriginalPub 0.00 -0.70 McConnell and Thunell, 2005 *=Keigwin 2002 value for d18Oseawater; average excess Mg shown; calculated by averaging each individual excess Mg value, T and S values are AVERAGE of available published data-see original data for individual values Guaymas Basin Pacific -4.5 118.5 459 31 MC 33.20 28.80 NotUsed 0.13* SeeOriginalPub -0.33 -1.07 Oppo et al., 2009 *=Legrande and Schmidt d18O seawater used for calculation of isotopic T and therefore, excess Mg/Ca; average excess Mg shown; calculated by averaging each individual excess Mg value, Atlantic 32.08 -64.25 3200 sediment trap 36.35 23.61 N/A 0.957* SeeOriginalPub 1.36 0.64 Anand et al., 2003 *= average Schmidt d18O seawater value; average excess Mg shown; calculated by averaging each individual excess Mg value, T and S values are AVERAGEof available published data-see original data for individual values replicate Mg/Ca Mediterranean 38.93 10.59 2654 T87 71B 37.72 19.0 NotUsed NotUsed 3.72 N/A N/A 1.54 Ferguson et al., 2008 3.56 Excess Mg/Ca values are those calculated DIRECTLY by Ferguson et al. in their paper; choice made because they do not have d18O values for the forams Mediterranean 38.64 10.78 904 T87 65B 37.72 19.0 NotUsed NotUsed 6.64 N/A N/A 4.46 Ferguson et al., 2008 6.77 Mediterranean 38.64 10.78 904 T87 65B 37.72 19.0 NotUsed NotUsed 6.29 N/A N/A 4.11 Ferguson et al., 2008 6.84 Mediterranean 35.85 13.03 1514 T87 43B 37.59 20.7 NotUsed NotUsed 4.47 N/A N/A 1.93 Ferguson et al., 2008 4.06 Mediterranean 35.85 13.03 1514 T87 43B 37.59 20.7 NotUsed NotUsed 4.15 N/A N/A 1.61 Ferguson et al., 2008 4.75 Mediterranean 38.57 19.92 1999 T87 14B 38.50 19.9 NotUsed NotUsed 4.98 N/A N/A 2.62 Ferguson et al., 2008 5.05 Mediterranean 38.57 19.92 1999 T87 14B 38.50 19.9 NotUsed NotUsed 4.93 N/A N/A 2.56 Ferguson et al., 2008 5.37 Mediterranean 33.24 23.09 2075 T83/2/1/67 38.74 20.7 NotUsed NotUsed 8.77 N/A N/A 6.22 Ferguson et al., 2008 8.42 Mediterranean 32.17 29.29 2034 T83/2/1/25 38.93 22.2 NotUsed NotUsed 6.56 N/A N/A 3.65 Ferguson et al., 2008 6.26 Mediterranean 32.17 29.29 2034 T83/2/1/25 38.93 22.2 NotUsed NotUsed 5.60 N/A N/A 2.69 Ferguson et al., 2008 6.45 Atlantic 16.13 -74.45 3005 VM26_124 35.65 27.60 30.86 0.79 4.40 -1.98 0.52 -0.55 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 15.62 -71.67 3788 RC13_150 35.57 27.50 17.35 0.77 3.95 -2.13 0.12 -1.28 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 15.40 -43.40 4043 VM16_205 36.47 25.99 10.32 0.99 3.51 -1.03 1.46 0.65 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 14.88 -78.75 2308 RC13_154 35.77 27.70 25.33 0.82 4.92 -1.90 0.86 0.08 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 13.18 -79.83 3016 RC13_158 35.81 27.71 22.58 0.83 3.41 -1.73 0.18 -1.10 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 12.87 -77.75 3930 RC13_155 35.75 27.62 11.59 0.81 3.70 -1.92 0.18 -1.16 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 10.98 -81.15 3162 VM28_126 35.62 27.80 5.18 0.78 4.03 -1.60 0.69 -0.16 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 8.72 -41.25 3720 VM22_026 35.70 27.09 21.42 0.80 3.72 -1.58 1.00 0.31 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 3.28 -34.83 3749 VM25_060 35.76 27.56 20.14 0.82 3.79 -1.67 0.97 0.24 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 1.78 -25.43 3797 RC13_190 35.66 27.22 17.05 0.79 3.38 -1.19 1.18 0.53 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 1.37 -33.48 3824 VM25_059 35.87 27.37 19.00 0.84 3.72 -1.89 0.71 -0.22 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic 0.55 -13.65 3837 RC24_001 35.48 26.45 14.67 0.75 3.13 -1.59 0.61 -0.20 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic -0.20 -23.15 3706 VM30_040 35.85 26.73 19.81 0.84 3.40 -1.51 0.87 0.05 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic -1.33 -11.90 3899 RC24_007 35.64 25.75 13.00 0.79 2.73 -1.21 0.68 -0.12 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic -3.00 -11.42 3486 RC24_012 35.70 25.70 20.30 0.80 3.50 -1.62 0.80 -0.01 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic -5.70 -9.45 3400 RC24_018 35.76 25.69 22.73 0.82 3.26 -1.63 0.61 -0.31 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis Atlantic -8.03 -10.13 3882 RC24_022 36.04 25.43 10.19 0.88 3.59 -1.23 1.30 0.59 Farmer et al., 2005 PhD Thesis * all of the delta CO32- values are GLODAP except for the Mathien-Blard and Bassinot data, where GLODAP values are reported separately 3. Ocean properties from Arbuszewski et al. 2010 CoreID SampleDepth Lat. Long. WaterDepth StratQual SST°C SSS DCO32-bot CO32-surf d18Osw(Schmidt) VM29-178 6.5 42.85 -25.15 3448 2 16.7 35.91 23.4 244.7 0.853 VM30-97 5.5 41 -32.93 3371 3 18.2 36.07 25.4 246.4 0.892 VM30-96 3.5 39.95 -33.13 3188 3 18.7 36.14 27.8 248.3 0.907 VM27-267 0 35.63 -44.28 4722 2 21.3 36.42 -4.8 274 0.973 VM27-263 9.5 35.02 -40.92 3704 3 21.4 36.48 19 273.4 0.989 VM27-161 0 33.58 -13.97 4446 2 19.5 36.58 3.2 260.5 1.011 VM17-165 3.5 32.75 -41.9 3924 3 22.2 36.64 14.2 277.9 1.025 VM27-261 2.5 31.37 -35.98 3253 4 22.4 36.8 27.1 274 1.063 VM19-308 4.5 29.02 -41.4 3197 2 23.4 37.04 29 290.7 1.121 VM22-219 4.5 27.92 -43.63 2582 5 23.9 37.15 40.2 295.8 1.146 VM20-244 1.5 26 -48.27 3953 3 24.8 37.21 13.5 300.1 1.162 VM10-93 2.5 24.2 -47.47 3574 6 25.2 37.27 21.2 301.5 1.177 VM16-206 6.5 23.33 -46.48 3733 3 25.3 37.28 17.5 301.5 1.179 VM14-2 2.5 20.72 -49.43 4171 3 25.9 37.02 6 299.1 1.117 VM16-21 3.5 17.27 -48.42 3975 3 26.1 36.73 11.2 295.6 1.048 VM16-22 0.5 16.4 -45.77 3948 3 26 36.61 12.3 294.2 1.019 VM16-205 6.5 15.4 -43.4 4043 3 26 36.47 10.3 292 0.987 VM22-202 0 14.4 -21.15 4310 4 24.7 35.76 2.7 287.2 0.817 VM25-44 2.5 11.5 -45.15 4049 4 26.7 35.91 11.9 274.9 0.853 VM32-67 2.5 11.28 -42.5 4082 2 26.6 36.04 11.6 275.8 0.883 VM16-203 1.5 9.35 -39.87 4158 6 26.9 35.75 11.3 274.3 0.814 VM20-234 9.5 5.32 -33.03 3133 3 27.5 35.69 31.6 284.3 0.800 VM25-60 3.5 3.3 -34.8 3750 2 27.6 35.76 20.1 282.6 0.818 VM22-30 7.5 3.25 -34.25 3529 6 27.5 35.76 24.9 282.6 0.817 VM20-233 4.5 2.01 -35.93 3884 5 27.5 35.85 16.6 282.3 0.838 RC13-189 4.5 1.85 -30 3233 3 27.3 35.76 25.7 281.6 0.831 VM22-31 7.5 1.85 -32.47 3436 4 27.4 35.82 27.3 281.2 0.818 RC13-188 2.5 1.8 -33.7 3450 6 27.4 35.84 25.6 281.9 0.836 RC13-190 0 1.78 -25.43 3797 3 27.2 35.66 17 281.1 0.793 VM25-59 2.5 1.37 -33.48 3824 3 27.4 35.87 19 281.7 0.843 VM22-32 5.5 0.9 -31.8 3000 6 27.3 35.88 33.9 281.3 0.845 VM14-5 7.5 0.85 -32.85 3255 5 27.3 35.9 27 281.5 0.849 RC24-01 0 0.55 -13.65 3837 2 26.4 35.48 14.7 285.3 0.749 RC24-02 0 0.55 -13.68 3880 3 26.4 35.48 13.7 285.3 0.750 VM30-41 1.5 0.22 -23.07 3874 1 26.8 35.8 14.9 281.5 0.826 VM25-50 5.5 0.2 -42.77 3749 5 27.4 35.96 19.2 280.8 0.864 VM27-181 4.5 -0.05 -25.48 3601 5 26.9 35.87 22.7 281 0.842 VM30-40 0 -0.2 -23.15 3706 2 26.7 35.85 19.8 281.5 0.838 VM26-102 0 -0.38 -39.13 4301 4 27.4 35.96 -7 282 0.865 VM22-182 9.5 -0.53 -17.27 3776 3 26.2 35.74 16.1 283.4 0.811 RC24-07 0 -1.34 -11.9 3899 3 25.7 35.64 13 284.9 0.788 VM26-99 0 -1.47 -32.72 4632 4 27.2 36.03 -22.1 281.7 0.882 VM26-100 0 -1.55 -34.65 4308 5 27.3 36.03 -7.5 281.9 0.880 VM20-230 2.5 -1.95 -39.03 3294 5 27.4 35.96 27.8 282.1 0.864 RC24-11 0 -2.18 -11.25 3445 2 25.7 35.66 21.7 284.4 0.794 RC24-13 0 -3.73 -10.88 3921 4 25.7 35.69 11.9 283.2 0.801 RC24-15 0 -4.1 -10.87 3504 4 25.8 35.7 20.2 282.8 0.802 VM22-179 2.5 -4.88 -15.73 3576 5 26.1 35.83 21.2 282.6 0.834 RC24-16 0 -5.03 -10.18 3559 3 25.8 35.72 20.3 281.7 0.807 RC24-17 0.5 -5.05 -10.18 3559 2 25.8 35.72 20.3 281.7 0.808 RC11-17 0 -5.28 -33.43 4490 6 27.4 36.13 -15.7 286.5 0.906 RC24-19 0 -7.02 -10 3581 4 25.6 35.9 19.2 278.9 0.851 RC24-21 0 -8.18 -10.12 3718 4 25.4 36.06 13.6 277.9 0.889 VM22-175 1.5 -8.77 -14.28 2950 4 25.6 36.14 28.2 280.4 0.907 RC13-210 7.5 -9.13 -10.6 3658 4 25.2 36.2 15.4 277.8 0.921 VM22-174 1.5 -10.07 -12.82 2630 3 25.2 36.32 35.7 279.3 0.951 RC16-77 6.5 -12.7 -13.4 3400 3 24.5 36.66 20.7 280.4 1.031 VM22-169 3.5 -16.25 -5.73 3499 5 22.5 36.47 18.8 273.2 0.985 VM16-35 7.5 -17.65 -15.1 3891 5 23.7 36.75 9.8 281.2 1.052 VM16-36 13.5 -19.37 -11.43 3329 3 23.1 36.56 23.8 274 1.008 VM16-37 3.5 -21.33 -8.95 3908 4 22.6 36.46 11.7 269.9 0.984 RC08-18 6.5 -24.07 -15.12 3977 5 23.2 36.54 8.1 273.7 1.002 RC08-19 10.5 -24.3 -14.7 3640 6 23.1 36.52 15.3 273 0.998 RC08-23 9.5 -25.15 -12.77 3338 5 22.7 36.46 23.6 270.3 0.982