Iceland 2000 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Iceland 2000 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Axford, Y., C.S. Andresen, J.T. Andrews, S.T. Belt, A. Geirsdóttir, G. Massé, G.H. Miller, S. Ólafsdóttir, and L.L. Vare IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-003 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Axford, Y., et al. 2012. Iceland 2000 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-003. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Axford, Y., C.S. Andresen, J.T. Andrews, S.T. Belt, A. Geirsdóttir, G. Massé, G.H. Miller, S. Ólafsdóttir, and L.L. Vare. 2011. Do paleoclimate proxies agree? A test comparing 19 late Holocene climate and sea-ice reconstructions from Icelandic marine and lake sediments. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 26, Issue 6, pp. 645-656, August 2011. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1487 ABSTRACT: Geochemical, mineralogical and biological indicators preserved in sediments are widely used to reconstruct past climate change, but proxies differ in the degree to which their utility as climate indicators has been validated via laboratory experiments, modern spatial calibrations, or down-core comparisons with instrumental climate data. Multi-proxy studies provide another means of evaluating interpretations of proxies. This paper presents a multi-proxy assessment comparing 19 sub-centennially resolved late Holocene proxy records, covering the period 300-1900 AD, from seven Icelandic marine and lacustrine core sites. We employ simple statistical comparisons between proxy reconstructions to evaluate their correlations over time and, ultimately, their utility as proxies for regional climate. Proxies examined include oxygen isotopic composition of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, abundance of the sea-ice biomarker IP25, allochthonous quartz in marine sediments (a proxy for drift ice around Iceland), marine carbonate abundance, total organic carbon concentration, chironomid assemblages, lacustrine biogenic silica and carbon/nitrogen ratios in lake sediments. Most of the examined proxy records, including temperature and sea-ice proxies, correlate strongly with each other over multi-centennial timescales, and thus do appear to record changes in regional climate. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Andresen, C.S., G. Bond, A. Kuijpers, P. Knutz, and S. Bjorck. 2005. Holocene climate variability at multi-decadal time-scales detected by sedimentological indicators in a shelf core NW off Iceland. Marine Geology, Vol. 214, pp. 323-338. Andrews, J.T., S.T. Belt, S. Olafsdottir, G. Masse, and L. Vare. 2009. Sea ice and marine climate variability for NW Iceland/Denmark Strait over the last 2000 cal. yr BP. The Holocene, Vol. 19, pp. 775-784. Castaneda, I.S., M.L. Smith, G.B. Kristjansdottir, and J.T. Andrews. 2004. Temporal changes in Holocene del18O records from the northwest and central North Iceland Shelf. Journal of Quaternary Science, 19: 1-14. Masse, G., S.J. Rowland, M.-A. Sicre, J. Jacob, and S.T. Belt. 2008. Abrupt climate changes for Iceland during the last millennium: Evidence from high resolution sea ice reconstructions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters: 1 of 5. doi.10.1016/j.epsl.2008 GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 1900 YrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/axford2011/axford2011.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/axford2011/axford2011.xls DESCRIPTION: These data were assembled and studied in the Axford et al. 2011 paper. The original data were resampled at 100-yr intervals using AnalySeries. In this paper the data set also included proxy data from Iceland lakes but these data are not included. For the analysis on 6 cores, given the different range of measurements, the data were normalized (mean = 0±1). The data include quartz wt%, IP25, TOC%, carbonate (calcite)%, and 18O on foraminifera. Data from MD99-2258, SW Iceland, show little evidence for the presence of sea ice. Core longitude latitude water depth MD99-2258 -24.443 63.963 355 B007-328PC -21.551 65.9566 94 MD99-2275 -17.699 66.551 470 MD99-2269 -20.863 66.641 365 KN158-4-72GGC -24.192 66.673 234 MD99-2263 -24.197 66.679 235 DATA: 1. Axford et al. 2011 Core KN158-4-72GGC Calcite and Quartz data Depth-cm AgeAD AgeCalYrBP %Calcite %Quartz 1 1918 32 29.9 2.2 2 1886 64 27.7 1.8 3 1854 96 30.0 2.3 4 1822 128 30.0 1.9 5 1790 160 29.1 1.9 6 1758 192 31.0 1.6 7 1726 224 26.2 2.7 8 1694 256 27.6 1.9 9 1662 288 25.3 2.0 10 1630 320 26.4 2.2 11 1598 352 25.8 2.1 12 1566 384 26.6 1.9 13 1534 416 24.1 2.4 14 1502 448 25.4 1.8 15 1470 480 25.8 2.2 16 1438 512 24.6 1.9 17 1406 544 25.6 2.8 18 1374 576 26.7 1.7 19 1342 608 31.3 1.9 20 1310 640 28.2 2.0 21 1278 672 27.8 2.0 22 1246 704 25.6 1.8 23 1214 736 25.8 2.0 24 1182 768 25.0 1.8 25 1150 800 26.7 1.8 26 1118 832 30.3 1.9 27 1086 864 30.9 1.9 28 1054 896 30.7 1.3 29 1022 928 29.7 1.5 30 990 960 31.7 1.3 31 958 992 30.4 1.6 32 927 1023 30.2 1.6 33 895 1055 30.3 1.7 34 864 1086 32.2 2.5 35 832 1118 31.1 1.5 36 800 1150 31.5 1.3 37 769 1181 31.9 1.3 38 737 1213 32.8 1.3 39 706 1244 32.8 1.2 40 674 1276 31.6 1.4 41 643 1307 31.4 2.0 42 611 1339 30.2 0.9 43 579 1371 28.5 1.4 44 548 1402 29.9 0.9 45 516 1434 34.5 1.1 46 485 1465 32.3 1.5 47 453 1497 32.3 1.4 48 421 1529 31.1 0.9 49 390 1560 30.5 0.9 50 358 1592 32.4 1.1 51 327 1623 35.2 1.0 52 295 1655 33.8 0.9 53 263 1687 33.6 1.4 54 232 1718 35.8 1.1 55 200 1750 36.3 1.2 56 169 1781 32.7 1.1 57 137 1813 32.5 1.1 58 106 1844 33.7 1.3 59 74 1876 32.6 1.1 60 42 1908 32.9 1.2 61 11 1939 32.9 0.9 62 -21 1971 32.4 1.0 63 -52 2002 36.1 1.1 64 -84 2034 34.4 0.9 65 -116 2066 36.2 1.3 66 -147 2097 30.6 0.8 67 -179 2129 32.5 1.5 2. Axford et al. 2011 Core MD99-2258 Quartz data Depth-cm %Quartz 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 2.5 0.2 3.5 0.7 4.5 0.4 5.5 0.2 6.5 0.5 7.5 0.3 8.5 0.4 9.5 0.3 10.5 0.1 11.5 0.3 12.5 0.2 13.5 1.5 14.5 0.4 15.5 0.4 15.5 0.3 16.5 0.4 17.5 0.3 18.5 0.6 19 0.3 19.5 0.4 20.5 0.2 20.5 0.6 21.5 0.4 21.5 0.5 22.5 0.3 24.5 0.9 25.5 0.1 26.5 0.2 27.5 0.1 28.5 0.3 29.5 0.1 30.5 0.4 31.5 0.2 32.5 0.1 33.5 0.3 34.5 0.3 35.5 0.2 36.5 0.3 37.5 0.3 38.5 0.3 3. Axford et al. 2011 Core MD99-2258 IP25 data Depth-cm IP25 MD99-2258* 0.5 0 *IP25 not detected in any samples (see Axford et al. JQS 2011) 2.5 0 4.5 0 6.5 0 8.5 0 10.5 0 12.5 0 13.5 0 14.5 0 16.5 0 17.5 0 18.5 0 20.5 0 21.5 0 22.5 0 24.5 0 26.5 0 27.5 0 28.5 0 30.5 0 32.5 0 34.5 0 35.5 0 36.5 0 38.5 0 39.5 0 40.5 0 42.5 0 43.5 0 44.5 0 46.5 0 48.5 0 50.5 0 52.5 0 54.5 0 56.5 0 58.5 0 61.5 0 62.5 0 64.5 0 65.5 0 66.5 0 68.5 0 70.5 0 71.5 0 4. Axford et al. 2011 Data, resampled with AnaalySeries AgeBP AgeAD C/N SVID TOC SVID BSi SVID temp SVID TOC HAUK BSi HAUK Qtz 2263 Calc 2263 TC 2263 IP25 2263 Qtz 2269 TOC 2269 Carb 2269 Qtz KN Calc KN d18O benth IP25 2275 d18O benth d18O planktic 2263 100 1850 8.92242 2.9526 12.7835 8.02038 1.69051 5.81604 1.28964 28.6604 4.96486 0.61575 3.84349 1.87387 9.14692 2.0144 29.3093 2.19686 1.66158 2.91393 2.27773 200 1750 8.73141 2.84986 13.9459 8.11754 1.55563 5.552 1.40494 30.1304 4.73879 0.681018 3.80615 1.83917 7.51863 2.04826 28.6519 2.32406 1.34381 2.81349 2.22067 300 1650 8.85697 2.60751 15.1365 8.52812 1.58231 4.74812 1.43577 26.9999 4.67644 0.641785 3.73516 1.68644 7.3262 2.06022 26.2198 2.3861 1.71332 2.82748 2.21689 400 1550 8.36645 2.69317 19.1151 8.30522 1.65257 5.798 1.37764 28.0603 4.70783 0.620195 3.91994 1.5984 8.14361 2.08265 25.4406 2.31904 0.623042 2.90115 2.24759 500 1450 8.05498 2.64921 23.7411 8.29878 1.35648 6.581 1.18848 30.6929 4.66441 0.613096 3.41949 1.58477 8.42149 2.16639 25.3219 2.30011 0.709519 2.90481 2.23605 600 1350 7.90707 2.17311 23.7684 8.28277 1.45277 6.82125 1.29362 29.5221 4.80115 0.537783 3.53709 1.6523 8.45614 1.96003 28.4396 2.05808 0.908291 2.89187 2.24214 700 1250 7.67238 2.36399 25.1925 8.47806 1.18406 7.18795 1.2505 30.8895 4.82166 0.397573 3.37308 1.57185 10.0752 1.90805 26.5018 2.13054 0.401033 2.86136 2.30994 800 1150 8.05696 2.51086 25.1531 9.34406 1.27527 7.13505 1.48435 28.0258 5.10154 0.252924 2.70645 1.58951 9.8109 1.86537 27.4169 2.05015 0.230936 2.82186 2.16057 900 1050 7.56664 2.61877 34.4865 8.72289 1.21819 6.8415 1.14016 32.4098 4.91506 0.21972 2.96798 1.58629 10.4509 1.56982 30.5129 2.08259 0.329619 2.91875 2.0858 1000 950 7.32153 2.6349 34.4807 8.99343 1.45746 6.02575 0.819502 32.3823 5.0765 0.304087 2.67363 1.45782 10.8167 1.63094 30.6302 1.96155 0.416226 2.83644 2.19356 1100 850 7.35004 2.56196 30.0912 8.64521 1.14442 5.7332 0.882168 33.9566 5.05714 0.153678 3.03723 1.68018 11.2702 1.68256 31.3478 1.9718 0.365405 2.84152 2.10857 1200 750 7.42629 2.32307 28.6017 9.14515 1.29116 5.60618 1.29651 32.8381 5.04281 0.132452 3.27386 1.71007 11.1866 1.45126 32.3103 2.08446 0.438255 2.82269 2.00635 1300 650 7.15559 2.338 35.5825 10.0215 1.30104 5.70137 1.62342 32.2986 5.10984 0.301077 2.87638 1.67163 11.8116 1.42016 31.2575 1.95233 0.527595 2.86658 2.07176 1400 550 7.0615 2.69034 48.918 10.5499 1.09713 5.4765 0.867379 33.8691 5.33825 0.318336 2.95294 1.6172 12.5695 1.2465 30.884 1.89121 0.43625 2.78728 2.10283 1500 450 7.00102 2.97601 53.5999 9.95651 1.0507 5.37296 1.08099 33.1024 5.14313 0.0638755 2.87811 1.65705 11.8578 1.16097 31.8928 1.88923 0.583864 2.78472 2.11827 1600 350 7.06945 3.10851 60.1476 9.73092 0.969618 5.599 1.02586 32.4356 5.10814 0.32729 2.92447 1.59603 11.8942 0.99364 32.9472 1.88086 0.45291 2.71035 2.17414 These data have been resampled using Analyseries, and were used in the PCA (and represented as black dots in Fig 2) of Axford et al. JQS 2011. 5. Axford et al. 2011 Normalized Data yrsBP Qtz2263_1 Calc 2263_1 TC 2263_1 IP25 2263_1 Qtz 2269_1 TOC 2269_1 Carb 2269_1 Qtz KN_1 Calc KN_1 d18O benth IP25 2275_1 d18O benth d18O planktic 2263_1 100 0.32 -1.06 0.03 1.14 1.4 2.2 -0.53 0.84 0 0.64 2.06 1.2 1.26 200 0.79 -0.4 -1.07 1.44 1.33 1.9 -1.49 0.94 -0.26 1.35 1.38 -0.59 0.55 300 0.96 -1.8 -1.37 1.24 1.16 0.41 -1.6 0.97 -1.23 1.76 2.17 -0.23 0.55 400 0.7 -1.33 -1.22 1.14 1.59 -0.48 -1.13 1.03 -1.54 1.35 -0.16 1.02 0.91 500 -0.11 -0.15 -1.47 1.09 0.41 -0.68 -0.96 1.27 -1.58 1.23 0.03 1.02 0.79 600 0.32 -0.67 -0.77 0.75 0.69 0.01 -0.94 0.7 -0.35 -0.19 0.46 0.84 0.79 700 0.15 -0.06 -0.67 0.07 0.29 -0.78 0.02 0.56 -1.12 0.22 -0.63 0.3 1.62 800 1.13 -1.34 0.73 -0.66 -1.26 -0.58 -0.14 0.45 -0.75 -0.25 -1 -0.41 -0.16 900 -0.33 0.63 -0.17 -0.81 -0.65 -0.58 0.24 -0.36 0.47 -0.07 -0.78 1.37 -1 1000 -1.7 0.61 0.63 -0.42 -1.36 -1.88 0.46 -0.2 0.52 -0.78 -0.59 -0.06 0.19 1100 -1.45 1.32 0.53 -1.15 -0.48 0.31 0.72 -0.06 0.81 -0.72 -0.7 -0.06 -0.76 1200 0.36 0.82 0.43 -1.25 0.06 0.61 0.67 -0.69 1.19 -0.07 -0.55 -0.41 -1.95 1300 1.74 0.58 0.78 -0.42 -0.86 0.21 1.04 -0.77 0.77 -0.84 -0.36 0.48 -1.23 1400 -1.49 1.28 1.93 -0.32 -0.7 -0.29 1.49 -1.24 0.62 -1.19 -0.55 -0.95 -0.88 1500 -0.59 0.93 0.93 -1.59 -0.86 0.11 1.07 -1.48 1.02 -1.19 -0.25 -1.13 -0.64 1600 -0.8 0.64 0.78 -0.27 -0.77 -0.48 1.09 -1.95 1.44 -1.25 -0.53 -2.38 -0.04