# Arctic Ostracode Database 2020 (AOD2020) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/32312 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cronin2021/cronin2021-aod2020-species.txt # Description: NOAA Template (tab-delimited data); Arctic Ostracode Database Species Table # # # Data_Type: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: Population abundance #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-01-11 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-01-11 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Arctic Ostracode Database 2020 (AOD2020) #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cronin, T.M.; Gemery, L.; Briggs, Jr., W.M.; Brouwers, E.M.; Schornikov, E.I.; Stepanova, A. ; Wood, A.; Yasuhara, M.; Siu, S. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Note: Gemery et al.(2015) sources AOD2015; more than 200 samples have been added to this updated version. There is no publication affiliated with AOD2020. # Provided Keywords: Arctic, Benthic, Biogeography, Crustacea, Ecology, Ostracoda, Meiofauna #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gemery, L., T.M. Cronin, W.M. Briggs, Jr., E.M. Brouwers, E.I. Schornikov, A. Stepanova, A. Wood, M. Yasuhara. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: An Arctic and Subarctic ostracode database: biogeographic and paleoceanographic applications. # Journal_Name: Hydrobiologia # Volume: 786 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 59-95 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/s10750-015-2587-4 # Online_Resource: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2587-4 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A new Arctic Ostracode Database-2015 (AOD-2015) provides census data for 96 species of benthic marine Ostracoda from 1340 modern surface sediments from the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas. Ostracoda is a meiofaunal, Crustacea group that secretes a bivalved calcareous (CaCO3) shell commonly preserved in sediments. Arctic and subarctic ostracode species have ecological limits controlled by temperature, salinity, oxygen, sea ice, food, and other habitat-related factors. Unique species ecology, shell chemistry (Mg/Ca ratios, stable isotopes), and limited stratigraphic ranges make them a useful tool for paleoceanographic reconstructions and biostratigraphy. The database, described here, will facilitate the investigation of modern ostracode biogeography, regional community structure, and ecology. These data, when compared to downcore faunal data from sediment cores, will provide a better understanding of how the Arctic has been affected by climatic and oceanographic change during the Quaternary. Images of all species and biogeographic distribution maps for selected species are presented, with brief discussion of representative species' biogeographic and ecological significance. Publication of AOD-2015 is open-sourced and will be available online at several public websites with latitude, longitude, water depth, and bottom water temperature for most samples. It includes material from Arctic abyssal plains and submarine ridges, continental slopes, and shelves of the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and several subarctic regions. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gemery, L., L.W. Cooper, C. Magen, T.M. Cronin, and J.M. Grebmeier # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: Stable oxygen isotopes in shallow marine ostracodes from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas # Journal_Name: Marine Micropaleontology # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2021.101979 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Stable oxygen isotope measurements on calcitic valves of benthic ostracodes (δ18Oost) from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas were used to examine ecological and hydrographic processes governing ostracode and associated seawater δ18O values. Five cryophilic taxa were analyzed for δ18Oost values: Sarsicytheridea bradii; Paracyprideis pseudopunctillata; Heterocyprideis sorbyana; Heterocyprideis fascis; and the subarctic species Normanicythere leioderma. Controls on the stable oxygen isotope composition of ostracode calcite were investigated by first establishing species’ vital effects and then comparing δ18Oost to seawater δ18O values (that ranged from -2.7 to -0.5‰), CTD temperature (-1.7 to 8.7°C) and salinity (30-34) measured at sampling stations in the Bering and Chukchi Seas during the six summers of 2013-2018. Results from 297 δ18Oost measurements from 53 sites on the Bering and Chukchi Sea continental shelves are consistent with the temporal and spatial variation in δ18O values of continental shelf bottom water, as impacted by seasonality, regional hydrography, and physical processes (i.e., sea-ice melt and extent, vertical mixing, precipitation/evaporation). Regression statistics for δ18Oost values of two species, N. leioderma and P. pseudopunctillata, showed correlations to temperature and salinity that may facilitate prediction of water-mass characteristics when applied to sediment core records. Specifically, a significant linear regression relationship was found between δ18Oost values of N. leioderma and P. pseudopunctillata and temperature (R2 = 0.67 and 0.52, respectively). A principal component analysis confirmed temperature as the main controlling factor in the δ18Oost values of all species except S. bradii, with samples of distinct water masses grouping together. The δ18Oost values of S. bradii exhibited a narrow range of values (~3 to 4.5‰) across a temperature range of 10°C. Due to strong vital effects and possibly other undetermined factors, the incorporation of δ18Oost in S. bradii was not driven by any obvious predominant environmental factors. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gemery, L., T.M. Cronin, L.W. Cooper, H.J. Dowsett, and J.M. Grebmeier # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: Biogeography and Ecology of Ostracoda in the U.S. northern Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas # Journal_Name: PLoS ONE # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Ostracoda (bivalved Crustacea) comprise a significant part of the benthic meiofauna in the Pacific-Arctic region, including more than 50 species, many with identifiable ecological tolerances. These species hold potential as useful indicators of past and future ecosystem changes. In this study, we examined benthic ostracodes from nearly 300 surface sediment samples, >34,000 specimens, from three regions -- the northern Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas -- to establish species’ ecology and distribution. Samples were collected during various sampling programs from 1970 through 2018 on the continental shelves at 20 to ~100m water depth. Ordination analyses using species’ relative frequencies identified six species, Normanicythere leioderma, Sarsicytheridea bradii, Paracyprideis pseudopunctillata, Semicytherura complanata, Schizocythere ikeyai, and Munseyella mananensis, as having diagnostic habitat ranges in bottom water temperatures, salinities, sediment substrates and/or food sources. Species relative abundances and distributions can be used to infer past bottom environmental conditions in sediment archives for paleo-reconstructions and to characterize potential changes in Pacific-Arctic ecosystems in future sampling studies. Statistical analyses further showed ostracode assemblages grouped by the summer water masses influencing the area. Offshore-to-nearshore transects of samples across different water masses showed that complex water mass characteristics, such as bottom temperature, productivity, as well as sediment texture, influenced the relative frequencies of ostracode species over small spatial scales. On the larger biogeographic scale, synoptic ordination analyses showed dominant species-- N. leioderma (Bering Sea), P. pseudopunctillata (offshore Chukchi and Beaufort Seas), and S. bradii (all regions)—remained fairly constant over recent decades. However, during 2013-2018, northern Pacific species M. mananensis and S. ikeyai increased in abundance by small but significant proportions in the Chukchi Sea region compared to earlier years. It is yet unclear if these assemblage changes signify a meiofaunal response to changing water mass properties and if this trend will continue in the future. Our new ecological data on ostracode species and biogeography suggest these hypotheses can be tested with future benthic monitoring efforts." #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Land Change Science Program / Florence Bascom Geoscience Center # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Arctic and Subarctic to 50N # Location: Arctic Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 89.98 # Southernmost_Latitude: 50.74 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AOD2020 Species List Cronin # First_Year: 1933 # Last_Year: 2018 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## AOD2020 notes,,,,,,,,C,species name in AOD 2020 ## AOD2015/MAOD2010 notes,,,,,,,,C,species name in AOD2015/MAOD 2010 ## notes notes,,,,,,,,C,notes ## Photo_in_Gemery2015 notes,,,,,,,,C,Is photo published in Gemery 2015? ## OtherPubPhotos notes,,,,,,,,C,References with photos ## OtherNotes notes,,,,,,,,C,Additional references and notes #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA AOD2020 AOD2015/MAOD2010 notes Photo_in_Gemery2015 OtherPubPhotos OtherNotes Acanthocythereis dunelmensis (Norman 1869) sensu lato Acanthocythereis dunelmensis (Norman 1869) May include Acanthocythereis elofsoni Bassiouni 1965 and Acanthocythereis horrida (Sars 1866). Workers have noted there is a gradation from the most ornate carapaces to more simple forms, and therefore, this genus is considered sensu lato-- in a broader sense. E. Schornikov has found that Acanthocythereis dunelmensis (Norman 1869) and Acanthocythereis horrida (Sars, 1866) are common in the Arctic, but most researchers do not discern them. Their juveniles are perfectly differentiated by shape and sculpture of the shell. Adult specimens are well distinguished by structure of the penis. Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Acetabulastoma arcticum Schornikov 1970 Acetabulastoma arcticum Schornikov 1970 NA Yes Whatley, 1982 and Joy & Clark, 1977 NA Argilloecia spp. Argilloecia spp. May include Argilloecia sp. (Schornikov 2001) and Argilloecia robinwhatleyi Yasuhara, Okahashi and Cronin 2009. In Western Troms samples, includes Argilloecia conoidea Sars 1923 and Argilloecia cylindrica Sars 1866 (Stepanova et al., 2006) Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014; 2009 Note full reference: Yasuhara, M., A. Stepanova, H. Okahashi, T. M. Cronin, E. M. Brouwers. 2014. Taxonomic revision of deep-sea Ostracoda from the Arctic Ocean. Micropaleontology 60 (5): 399-444. Baffinicythere howei Hazel 1967 Baffinicythere howei Hazel 1967 NA Yes Whatley et al., 1998 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Bythocythere constricta Sars 1866 Bythocythere constricta Sars 1866 May include some specimens of Bythoceratina lomonosovensis Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014, which show overall similarity, but Sars drawing does not show a ventrolateral ridge and spine on its apex, as does B. lomonosovensis. (Sars' original description is only by text.) See Yasuhara et al., 2014 Yes Stepanova et al., 2007 and Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Bythoceratina scaberrima (Brady 1887) Bythoceratina scaberrima (Brady 1887) Also described in Russian by one of us (E.S.) as Retibythere (Bathybythere) sp. There is certain degree of variation in the development of spines and primary reticulation in this species. We tentatively consider this difference as intraspecific variation. Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Benson, 1973, Guernet, 2005 NA Cluthia cluthae (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874) Cluthia cluthae (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874) Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Cluthia horni Schornikov and Zenina 2006 Yes Stepanova et al., 2007 and Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 NA Cluthia whatleyi Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014 Nannocythere sp. See Yasuhara et al., 2014 Yes Whatley et al., 1998 NA Cythere lutea Mueller 1785 Cythere lutea Mueller 1785 NA Yes Cronin, 1988, Whatley, 1982 NA Cytheretta teshekpukensis Swain 1963 Cytheretta teshekpukensis Swain 1963 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2007 NA Cytheromorpha macchesneyi (Brady and Crosskey 1871) Cytheromorpha macchesneyi (Brady and Crosskey 1871) Sometimes assigned to Roundstonia ( i.e. Stepanova et al., 2003) Beaufort/Chukchi samples may include some specimens of Pteroloxa chaunensis Schornikov and Zenina 2006. More work needs to be done on the genus Pteroloxa. Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Cytheropteron angulatum Brady and Robertson 1872 Cytheropteron angulatum Brady and Robertson 1872 NA Yes Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron arcticum Neale and Howe 1973 Cytheropteron arcticum Neale and Howe 1973 NA Yes Cronin, 1988 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Cytheropteron arcuatum Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 Cytheropteron arcuatum Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2004 and Stepanova et al., 2003 and Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron biconvexa Whatley and Masson 1979 Cytheropteron biconvexa Whatley and Masson 1979 NA Yes Stepanova, 2006 and Stepanova et al., 2004 and Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron champlainum Cronin 1981 Cytheropteron champlainum Cronin 1981 May include some specimens of Cytheropteron dimlingtoneneis Neale and Howe 1973, Cytheropteron tarrensis Brouwers 1994 sensu Stepanova 2006 is synonymous. Yes Stepanova et al., 2007 and Stepanova et al., 2004 and Stepanova et al., 2003 and Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron elaeni Cronin 1989 Cytheropteron elaeni Cronin 1989 Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Cytheropteron sp. cf. elaeni Cronin 1989 sensu Schornikov 2004 Yes Stepanova et al., 2007 NA Cytheropteron excavoalatum Whatley and Masson 1979 Cytheropteron excavoalatum Whatley and Masson 1979 NA Yes Whatley and Masson 1979 NA Cytheropteron higashikawai Ishizaki 1981 Cytheropteron alatum Sars 1866 See Yashuhara et al., 2014 Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014 NA Cytheropteron inflatum Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 Cytheropteron inflatum Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2013 and Stepanova et al., 2004 and Stepanova et al., 2003 and Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron laptevensis Stepanova 2004 Cytheropteron laptevensis Stepanova 2004 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2004 NA Cytheropteron latissimum (Norman 1865) Cytheropteron latissimum (Norman 1865) NA Yes Cronin, 1988 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Cytheropteron montrosiense Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 Cytheropteron montrosiense Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Cytheropteron aff. montrosiense Brady, Crosskey and Robertson 1874 sensu Schornikov and Zenina 2006 Yes Stepanova et al., 2007, Stepanova et al., 2004, Stepanova et al., 2003 and Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron nodosoalatum Neale and Howe 1973 Cytheropteron nodosoalatum Neale and Howe 1973 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2004, Stepanova et al., 2003, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Cytheropteron nodosum Brady 1868 Cytheropteron nodosum Brady 1868 NA Yes Cronin, 1988 and Whatley et al., 1998 NA Cytheropteron paralatissimum Swain 1963 Cytheropteron paralatissimum Swain 1963 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2007, Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Cytheropteron parahamatum Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014 Cytheropteron hamatum Sars 1869 NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014 NA Cytheropteron pararcticum Whatley and Masson 1979 Cytheropteron pararcticum Whatley and Masson 1979 NA Yes Whatley and Masson 1979 NA Cytheropteron perlaria Hao 1988 Cytheropteron testudo Sars 1869 See Yasuhara et al., 2014 and Swanson and Ayress 1999 Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014 NA Cytheropteron porterae Whatley and Coles 1987 Cytheropteron porterae Whatley and Coles 1987 May include some Cytheropteron irizukii Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014. See Yasuhara et al., 2014 Yes Stepanova et al., 2004, Stepanova et al., 2003, Whatley et al., 1998 NA Cytheropteron pseudoinflatum Whatley and Eynon 1996 Cytheropteron pseudoinflatum Whatley and Eynon 1996 NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Whatley et al., 1998 NA Cytheropteron pseudomontrosiense Whatley and Masson 1979 Cytheropteron pseudomontrosiense Whatley and Masson 1979 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2004, Cronin, 1988 NA Cytheropteron pyramidale Brady 1868 Cytheropteron pyramidale Brady 1868 NA Yes Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014 Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Cytheropteron scoresbyi Whatley and Eynon 1996 Cytheropteron carolinae Whatley and Coles 1987 See Yasuhara et al., 2014 Yes Yasuhara 2014, Yasuhara et al., 2013 and Yasuhara et al. 2009 and Whatley et al., 1998 NA Cytheropteron sedovi Schneider 1969 Cytheropteron bronwynae Joy and Clark 1977 A similar species to C. sedovi is Cytheropteron aielloi Yasuhara, Okahashi and Cronin 2009. See Yasuhara et al., 2014 Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Whatley et al., 1998, Deninno et al., 2014 NA Cytheropteron sulense Lev 1972 Cytheropteron sulense Lev 1972 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2003, Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 NA Cytheropteron suzdalskyi Lev 1972 Cytheropteron suzdalskyi Lev 1972 NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Cytheropteron tumefactum Lev 1972 Cytheropteron tumefactum Lev 1972 Synonym of Cytheropteron simplex Whatley and Masson 1979. See Stepanova, 2006 Yes Stepanova et al., 2007, Stepanova et al., 2004 NA Cytheropteron spp. Cytheropteron spp. May include Cytheropteron aielloi Yasuhara, Okahashi & Cronin 2009 and Cytheropteron groenlandicum Whatley & Eynon 1996, Cytheropteron lanceae Yasuhara et al 2014, Cytheropteron scoresbyi Whatley and Eynon 1996, Cytheropteron brastadensis Lord 1981 and Cytheropteron dimlingtonensis Neale and Howe 1973, Cytheropteron furreri Hartmann 1993. Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Cytheropteron brastadensis Lord 1981 (note Cytheropteron discoveria [Brouwers 1994] is a junior synonym of C. brastadensis), Cytheropteron dimlingtonense Neale and Howe 1973, Cytheropteron occultum Whatle yand Masson 1979, Cytheropteron sibiricum Schornikov and Zenina 2006. Count includes 5 samples (Bart LT20 Hazel 10, Bart 55, Bart 98, PS2452-2 and GV83033-44) containing Cytheropteron n. sp. B (Cronin 1988). Yes, C. brastadensis Whatley et al., 1998 (for C. scoresbyi) NA Elofsonella concinna (Jones 1857) Elofsonella concinna (Jones 1857) Counts may include some E. neoconcinna in Chukchi and Laptev-Kara Seas. See note below. One of us (E.S.) idenitfies this species as Elofsonella granulata Hulings 1967 (See: Hulings, N.C. 1967. Marine Ostracoda from the western North Atlantic Ocean: Labrador Sea, Gulf of St. Lawrence and off Nova Scotia. Crustaceana 13: 310- 329.) Hulings reported that E. granulata appears to be closely related to E. concinna but differs differs significantly in ornamentation, lacking the well developed reticulations and in the structure of the copulatory organ. Yes Stepanova et al., 2007, Stepanova et al., 2003, Cronin, 1988, Cronin and Ikeya, 1987. See Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 for E. pinegensis (Lev 1983) and Elofsonella sp. A NA Elofsonella neoconcinna Bassiouni 1965 Elofsonella neoconcinna Bassiouni 1965 Bassiouni (1965) described two subspecies: smooth specimens as E. concinna concinna and strongly ornamented specimens as E. concinna neoconcinna. Stepanova (2006) did not designate these subspecies and used E.concinna but noted that only the ornamented morphotype with well-developed sculptural elements was recorded in the Laptev Sea. In this database, we recognize they are part of a morphological continuum, but the differences in surface ornamentation are distinct, so we retain the two species designation Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Elofsonella sp. A sensu Schornikov and Zenina 2006 Yes Stepanova 2006 NA Eucythere argus (Sars 1866) Eucythere argus (Sars 1866) NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Stepanova et al., 2003, Whatley et al., 1998 NA Eucythere declivis (Norman 1865) Eucythere declivis (Norman 1865) NA Yes, E. cf declivis Horne and Whittaker 1985 NA Eucythere sp. Eucythere sp. Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Eucythere sp. 1 sensu Schornikov 2004 ____ Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014, Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 NA Eucytherura delineata Whatley and Eynon 1996 Eucytherurua delineata Whatley and Eynon 1996 May include Eucytherurua complexa Brady 1867 Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Yasuhara et al., 2013, Whatley et al., 1998 NA Finmarchinella angulata (Sars 1866) Finmarchinella angulata (Sars 1866) NA Yes Cronin and Ikeya, 1987, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Finmarchinella barentzovoensis (Mandelstam 1957) Finmarchinella barentzovoensis (Mandelstam 1957) NA Yes Cronin, 1988, Whatley et al., 1998, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Finmarchinella finmarchica (Sars 1866) Finmarchinella finmarchica (Sars 1866) NA Yes Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014, Cronin, 1988, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Finmarchinella logani (Brady and Crosskey 1871) Finmarchinella logani (Brady and Crosskey 1871) NA Yes Cronin, 1988, Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 NA Hemicythere borealis (Brady 1868) Hemicythere borealis (Brady 1868) NA Yes Whatley, 1982 NA Hemicythere emarginata (Sars 1866) Hemicythere emarginata (Sars 1866) Hemicythere in Bering/Chukchi assumed to be H.emarginata. More study is needed. Yes Cronin and Ikeya, 1987 NA Hemicythere villosa (Sars 1866) Hemicythere villosa (Sars 1866) NA Yes Alvarez-Zarikian 2009 NA Hemicytherura clathrata (Sars 1866) Hemicytherura clathrata (Sars 1866) NA Yes Cronin, 1988 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Henryhowella asperrima (Reuss 1850) Henryhowella asperrima (Reuss 1850) NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Yasuhara et al. 2009, Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014 NA Heterocyprideis fascis (Brady and Norman 1889) Heterocyprideis fascis (Brady and Norman 1889) Synonym of Heterocyprideis macrotuberculata Masson and Whatley 1977 or may be a very closely related species to H. macrotuberculata Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Heterocyprideis sorbyana (Jones 1857) Heterocyprideis sorbyana (Jones 1857) NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2003, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Jonesia acuminata (Sars 1866) sensu lato Jonesia acuminata (Sars 1866) We added sensu lato ("in the broad sense") to this species group because there are several species in this genus that may be confused with one another. Jonesia arctica Schornikov 1980 and J. acuminata particulalry reflect the morphologic similarity in carapace structure, and both species are found in the Arctic. Some samples, particularly "IK25" and "2NK" samples, may include Jonesia arctica Schornikov 1980 and Jonesia barentsovensis Schornikov 1980. Yes, J. arctica and J. acuminata Stepanova et al., 2007 and Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Kotoracythere arctoborealis Schornikov and Zenina 2006 Pectocythere sp. NA Yes Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 and for Pectocythere janae: Brouwers, 1990 NA Krithe hunti Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014 Krithe glacialis Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 Previously called Krithe glacialis per Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874 Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Yasuhara et al., 2013 NA Krithe minima Coles, Whatley, & Moguilevsky 1994 Krithe minima Coles, Whatley, & Moguilevsky 1994 NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Yasuhara et al., 2013 NA Loxoconcha venepidermoidea Swain 1963 Loxoconcha venepidermoidea Swain 1963 Referred to as Kuiperiana by Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 and assigned to Kuiperiana by numerous authors, including one of us (A.W.) Yes Stepanova, 2006 NA Microcythere medistriata (Joy and Clark 1977) Microcythere medistriata (Joy and Clark 1977) NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Joy and Clark 1977 NA Microcytherura sp. Tetracytherura? sp. A Tetracytherura is a junior synonym of Microcytherura. May include Microcytherura nealei Schornikov and Zenina 2006 Yes, M. nealei NA NA Muellerina abyssicola (Sars 1866) Muellerina abyssicola (Sars 1866) NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2013 and Whatley et al., 1998 NA Munseyella mananensis Hazel and Valentine 1969 Munseyella kiklukhensis (Brouwers 1990) Munseyella arctica Schornikov and Zenina 2006 is a junior synonym of Munseyella mananensis. Munseyella kiklukhensis and Pectocythere kiklukhensis (Brouwers 1990) may be the same species. More study needs to be done. Yes Hazel and Valentine, 1969, Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 NA Normanicythere leioderma (Norman 1869) Normanicythere leioderma (Norman 1869) Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples may include Normanicythere concinella Swain 1963. Per Hazel (1967) difference in pitting may be intraspecific variation Yes Stepanova et al., 2007, Cronin and Ikeya, 1987, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Palmenella limicola (Norman 1865) Palmenella limicola (Norman 1865) May include Palmenella dentatomarginata Akatova 1946. In particular, "IK25" and "2NK" samples were identified by E.S. as including P. dentatomarginata. According to data from E. Schornikov, only Palmenella dentatomarginata Akatova 1946 occurs all along the Arctic coast, from the Barents to the Chukchi Sea. The true Palmenella limicola (Norman 1865) is common in the North Atlantic and enters only the western Barents Sea. It also is distributed along the American Arctic and reaches the Chukchi Sea. Dedicated studies are required. Two species-Palmenella dentatomarginata Akatova 1946 and Palmenella cf. californica Triebel, 1957 s. Schornikov 2013)-inhabit the Bering Sea. Note WoRMS lists accepted name as Kyphocythere limicola. Yes Yasuhara and Okahashi, 2014, Stepanova et al., 2007, Stepanova et al., 2003 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Paracyprideis pseudopunctillata Swain 1963 Paracyprideis pseudopunctillata Swain 1963 Nearly all specimens of Semicytherura spp. in Chukchi samples resemble S. sp. 1 of Stepanova et al., 2007, however the density of pore structures is variable; Category also may include Semicytherura sp. 1 and Semicytherura sp. 2 Schornikov, 2001 Yes Stepanova et al., 2007 and Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Paracytherois spp. Paracytherois chukchiensis Joy and Clark 1977 May include Paracytherois chukchiensis Joy and Clark 1977; Paracytherois sp. A per Schornikov, 2004 Yes Yasuhara et al. 2009, 2014, Joy and Clark 1977 NA Paradoxostoma? spp. Paradoxostoma spp. NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Patagonacythere dubia (Brady 1868) Patagonacythere dubia (Brady 1868) NA Yes Cronin and Ikeya, 1987 NA Patagonacythere robusta Tabuki 1986 Patagonacythere robusta Tabuki 1986 NA Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014 NA Pedicythere spp. Pedicythere neofluitans Joy and Clark 1977 Includes Pedicythere neofluitans Joy and Clark 1977 and Pedicythere arctica Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014. In AOD samples, P. neoflutians is more common than P. arctica. See Schornikov, 2005 for terminology for this genus. Schornikov, E. 2005. The question of cosmopolitanism in the deep-sea ostracod fauna: the example of the genus Pedicythere. Hydrobiologia, 538: 193-215. Yes Yasuhara et al., 2014, Joy and Clark 1977 NA Polycope spp. Polycope spp. Includes P. arcys (Joy & Clark, 1977), P. bireticulata Joy & Clark 1977, P. inornata Joy & Clark 1977, P. punctata (Sars 1869), P. bispinosa Joy & Clark 1977, P. horrida Joy & Clark 1977, P. moenia Joy & Clark 1977, P. semipunctata Joy & Clark 1977, P. obicularis Sars 1866. See Yasuhara et al., 2014 for photos of several species. Yes, P. bireticula and P. inornata Yasuhara et al., 2014, Yasuhara et al. 2009 NA Pontocythere spp. Pontocythere sp. A May include Pontocythere sp. s. Schornikov 2004 and Pontocythere sp. 1 in Stepanova et al., 2007 No Stepanova et al., 2007 NA Propontocypris sp. Propontocypris sp. NA Yes NA NA Pseudocythere spp. Pseudocythere caudata Sars 1866 To be conservative, we use genus-level categorization here. There is certain degree of morphological variation in Pseudocythere caudata. For example, North Atlantic deep-sea specimens have more inflated posteroventral area and less prominent caudal process (Yasuhara et al. 2009) compared to Arctic specimens. Furthermore, some specimens have a small spine in anterodorsal corner. Until further investigation, we believe most Pseudocythere in AOD are P. caudata. There are other species that inhabit subarctic and Arctic waters. At best P. caudata, herein, is a species group, containing many different taxa. For additional information, see: Horne, D.J., 1986. Two new species of Pseudocythere Sars (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Britain and Norway. Hydrobiologia,139: 119-122. Yes, Pseudocythere caudata Yasuhara et al., 2014, Yasuhara et al. 2009, Stepanova et al., 2007 NA Pteroloxa chaunensis Schornikov and Zenina 2006 Pteroloxa chaunensis Schornikov and Zenina 2006 40 Pteroloxa gukovi Schornikov and Zenina 2006 was identified in sample IK25-27 Yes Stepanova, 2006, Schornikov and Zenina 2006 NA Pterygocythereis mucronata (Sars 1866) Pterygocythereis mucronata (Sars 1866) Reported from shelf and uppermost bathyal depths of the subpolar North Atlantic regions (see Penney, 1993) Yes Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014 and Yasuhara et al., 2013 NA Rabilimis mirabilis (Brady 1868) Rabilimis mirabilis (Brady 1868) NA Yes Stepanova, 2006, Whatley et al., 1998 NA Rabilimis septentrionalis (Brady 1866) Rabilimis septentrionalis (Brady 1866) NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Robertsonites tuberculatus (Sars 1866) Robertsonites tuberculatus (Sars 1866) Includes Robertsonites sp. sensu Schornikov 2001 identified in 3 "2NK" samples Yes Cronin, 1988 NA Roundstonia globulifera (Brady 1868) Roundstonia globulifera (Brady 1868) NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2007, Stepanova et al., 2003, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Sarsicytheridea bradii (Norman 1865) Sarsicytheridea bradii (Norman 1865) Sarsicytheridea parapapillosa (Swain 1963) was identified in some "IK25" and "2NK" samples (E.S.). However, other workers have synomized this species with S. bradii (i.e. Brouwers 1992, 1994). Yes Stepanova et al., 2003, Schornikov and Zenina, 2006 NA Sarsicytheridea macrolaminata (Elofson 1939) Sarsicytheridea macrolaminata (Elofson 1939) NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Sarsicytheridea punctillata (Brady 1865) Sarsicytheridea punctillata (Brady 1865) NA Yes Cronin, 1981 NA Schizocythere ikeyai Tsukagoshi and Briggs 1998 Schizocythere ikeyai Tsukagoshi and Briggs 1998 NA Yes Tsukagoshi and Briggs 1998 (Full reference: Tsukagoshi, A. and Briggs, W. M. Jr., 1998: On Schizocythere ikeyai Tukagoshi & Briggs sp. nov. A Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, vol. 25, pt. 10, pp. 43-52, pl. 25. (Reference No. 0780) NA Sclerochilis spp. Sclerochilus contortus (Norman 1861) We replaced the S.contortus category with Sclerochilus spp. Most of the species in the literature have been identified as S. contortus. One of us (E.S.) finds Sclerochilus jurasovi Schornikov 2004, Sclerochilus karaensis Schornikov and Zenina 2006, Sclerochilus laptevensis Schornikov 2004, and Sclerochilus semiletovi Schornikov and Zenina 2006. A re-examination of this genus would be worthwhile. Yes Stepanova et al., 2003, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Semicytherura affinis (Sars 1866) Semicytherura affinis (Sars 1866) NA Yes Cronin, 1988 and Cronin and Ikeya, 1987 and Whatley et al., 1998 and Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Semicytherura complanata (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874) Semicytherura complanata (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874) NA Yes Stepanova et al., 2003 NA Semicytherura concentrica (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874) Semicytherura concentrica (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson 1874) NA Yes Cronin, 1988, Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Semicytherura mainensis (Hazel and Valentine 1969) Semicytherura mainensis (Hazel and Valentine 1969) NA Yes Cronin and Ikeya, 1987 NA Semicytherura spp. Semicytherura spp. Nearly all specimens of Semicytherura spp. in Chukchi samples resemble S. sp. 1 of Stepanova et al., 2007, however the density of pore structures is variable; Category also may include Semicytherura sp. 1 Schornikov, 2001 and Semicytherura sp. 2 Schornikov, 2001. Also "FM" samples from Western Troms Norway include Semicytherura acuticostata (Sars 1866), Semicytherura nigrescens (Baird 1838), Semicytherura sella (Sars 1866), Semicytherura similis (Sars 1866) and Semicytherura striata (Sars 1866). Some "IK25" and "2NK" samples include Semicytherura cf. henryhowei Hanai and Ikeya 1977 sensu Cronin 1989 and Semicytherura sp. 2 sensu Schornikov 2001. Yes, specimen shown is from the Chukchi Sea shelf, but does not appear synonymous with Semicytherura sp. 1 of Stepanova et al., 2007 or Semicytherura sp. 2 sensu Schornikov 2001 Stepanova et al., 2007; Schornikov and Zenina 2006 NA Semicytherura undata (Sars 1866) Semicytherura undata (Sars 1866) NA Yes Neale and Howe, 1975 NA Thaerocythere crenulata (Sars 1866) Thaerocythere crenulata (Sars 1866) NA Yes Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014, Yasuhara et al., 2013, Whatley et al., 1998 NA Xestoleberis depressa Sars 1866 Xestoleberis depressa Sars 1866 NA Yes Cronin, 1988, Whatley 1982, Neale and Howe, 1975, Yasuhara and Okahashi , 2014 NA Other Other "CESAR" and "AH"-mid-depth samples include Swainocythere spp. (e.g. Swainocythere nanseni Joy & Clark 1981), Microcythere sp., Bythocythere spp., (e.g. Bythoceratina lomonosovensis Yasuhara, Stepanova, Okahashi, Cronin and Brouwers 2014), Parakrithe minuta Joy & Clark 1977, Axelheibergella spp. (Briggs 1997). Western Troms (FM) samples include Cytherella abyssorum Sars 1866, Cytherura atra Sars, 1866, Hemicytherura cellulosa (Norman 1865), Hirschmannia viridis (Mueller 1785), Laperousecythere yahtsensis Brouwers 1993, Neonesidea inflata (Norman 1862), Palmoconcha laevata (Norman 1865), Phlyctocythere fragilis (Sars 1866), Pontocypris mytiloides (Norman 1862), Sclerochilus spp. and Xestolebris spp. Some Bering and Chukchi Sea samples include Celtia sp. (reviewed in Wood, 2005). Sample HLY02-03 29 EHS7 includes Swainocythere sp. A few "IK" samples from E.Siberian and Laptev Sea samples include Arctostoma dudarevi Schornikov and Zenina 2006. NA Wood, A.M., 2005. Revision of the ostracod genus Celtia Neale 1973, and other so-called tricostate 'Trachyleberidinae' from the Neogene to Recent of Europe. The Italian Paleontological Society, 44(1): 55-80. NA