# Arabian Sea Geochemical and Sedimentological Data from Core SO130-289KL tor the Last 80 kyr
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#              World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                       NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
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# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
#
#  Online_Resource: http://www.hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:16277
# 
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/deplazes2014/deplazes2014-li.txt
#
# Archive: Paleoceanography
#
#--------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
# Date: 2014-04-07
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# Title:   Arabian Sea Geochemical and Sedimentological Data from Core SO130-289KL tor the Last 80 kyr
#--------------------------------
# Investigators: Deplazes, G.; Lückge, A.; Stuut, J.-B.W.; Pätzold, J.; Kuhlmann, H.; Husson, D.; Fant, M.; Haug, G.H.
#--------------------
# Description and Notes: 
# This data set contains elemental analyses (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Ni, Zr), total organic carbon (TOC) measurements, grain-size analyses and a Lamination Index record of sediment core SO130-289KL. The elemental analyses were accomplished with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using Philips PW 2400 and PW 1480 wavelength dispersive spectrometers TOC was acquired with a LECO CS-444 instrument. Grain size analyses were performed on a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter) LS200. The Lamination Index was determined visually on sediment cores.
#
# Keywords: Arabian Sea, Indian monsoon, Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations, Heinrich events
#--------------------
# Publication 
#   Authors: Deplazes, G., A. Lückge, J.-B.W. Stuut, J. Pätzold, H. Kuhlmann, D. Husson, M. Fant, and G.H. Haug
#   Journal_Name: Paleoceanography
#   Published_Title: Weakening and strengthening of the Indian monsoon during Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2014
#   Volume: 29
#   Pages: 
#   DOI: 10.1002/2013PA002509
#  Abstract: The Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations and Heinrich events described in North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice are expressed in the climate of the tropics, for example, as documented in Arabian Sea sediments. Given the strength of this teleconnection, we seek to reconstruct its range of environmental impacts. We present geochemical and sedimentological data from core SO130-289KL from the Indus submarine slope spanning the last ~ 80 kyr. Elemental and grain size analyses consistently indicate that interstadials are characterized by an increased contribution of fluvial suspension from the Indus River. In contrast, stadials are characterized by an increased contribution of aeolian dust from the Arabian Peninsula. Decadal-scale shifts at climate transitions, such as onsets of interstadials, were coeval with changes in productivity-related proxies. Heinrich events stand out as especially dry and dusty events, indicating a dramatically weakened Indian summer monsoon, potentially ! increased winter monsoon circulation, and increased aridity on the Arabian Peninsula. This finding is consistent with other paleoclimate evidence for continental aridity in the northern tropics during these events. Our results strengthen the evidence that circum-North Atlantic temperature variations translate to hydrological shifts in the tropics, with major impacts on regional environmental conditions such as rainfall, river discharge, aeolian dust transport, and ocean margin anoxia.
#--------------------------------
# Funding_Agency: 
#    Funding_Agency_Name: MARUM Summer Student Fellowship
#    Grant:
#--------------------------------
# Site Information: 
# Site_Name: SO130-289KL
# Location: Arabian Sea
#	Northernmost_Latitude:  23.12233
# 	Southernmost_Latitude:  23.12233
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 66.49722
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 66.49722
# 	Elevation: -571
#--------------------------------
# Data Collection 
# Collection_Name: SO130-289KL LI D14
# Oldest_Year: 
# Most_Recent_Year: 
# Time_Unit: 
# Core_Length 
# Notes: A Lamination Index (LI) has been established and is similar to the Bioturbation Index of Behl and Kennett [1996] and von Rad et al. [1999]. A value of 4 characterizes undisturbed sediments with fine laminations (typically < 1 mm to 2 mm thick). A value of 3 represents discontinuous or irregular laminations (typically 1 to 4 mm thick). A LI of 2 describes slightly to partly bioturbated sediments. A LI of 1 represents strongly to completely bioturbated or homogenous sediments. The LI is not defined on the entire cross-core length but on the 1.7 cm broad image transects of which the total color reflectance (L*) was determined.
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# Chronology:
#    The first-order age model for SO130-289KL is based on 20 accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates and cross correlation to radiocarbon dated color records from the same region [Deplazes et al., 2013]. The age model was further fine tuned by correlating the high-resolution total color reflectance (L*) records to the ice core δ18O record of North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) using the GICC05modelext age scale [North Greenland Ice Core Project Members, 2004; Wolff et al., 2010]. Because of this fine tuning it is not possible to interpret lead or lag relationships between the two records although lead and lag relationships among the proxies measured from the same core are certainly valid. An additional time control point is given by the Toba Ash layer identified in core SO130-289KL at 18.43 m subbottom depth (Figure2) [Schulz et al., 2002; von Rad et al., 2002; Storey et al., 2012].  
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# Variables    
# 
# Data variables follow (have double marker- "##")
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-nine components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
##	Depth_m	Depth,,,m	,,Paleoceanography,,,N
##  LI	Lamination Index,,, ,,Paleoceanography,,,N
# Data:
Depth_m	LI
0.200100005     2
0.244810969     2
0.244810969     3
1.155151248     3
1.155151248     2
1.43242383      2
1.43242383      1
1.816558361     1
1.816558361     2
1.904762387     2
1.904762387     4
2.387512207     4
2.387512207     2
2.409885645     2
2.409885645     1
2.894505739     1
2.894505739     2
2.950232267     2
2.950232267     3
2.985173464     3
2.985173464     4
3.129150629     4
3.129150629     3
3.240594625     3
3.240594625     4
3.314628124     4
3.314628124     3
3.464898825     3
3.464898825     2
3.508285999     2
3.508285999     1
3.60001874      1
3.60001874      2
3.731212854     2
3.731212854     3
4.295593739     3
4.295593739     2
4.352374077     2
4.352374077     3
4.472318172     3
4.472318172     1
4.598579407     1
4.598579407     2
4.622961998     2
4.622961998     3
5.080055237     3
5.080055237     1
5.415876865     1
5.415876865     3
5.522053242     3
5.522053242     1
5.832053661     1
5.832053661     2
5.96192503      2
5.96192503      1
6.022527218     1
6.022527218     2
6.332225323     2
6.332225323     3
6.35875988      3
6.35875988      2
6.439526081     2
6.439526081     3
6.463119984     3
6.463119984     4
6.633542538     4
6.633542538     1
6.901965141     1
6.901965141     3
6.942861557     3
6.942861557     2
6.961531162     2
6.961531162     1
7.325265884     1
7.325265884     3
7.515357494     3
7.515357494     1
7.807048798     1
7.807048798     2
7.88739109      2
7.88739109      3
7.924132824     3
7.924132824     4
7.975272179     4
7.975272179     2
7.99544239      2
7.99544239      3
8.011673927     3
8.011673927     2
8.033882141     2
8.033882141     4
8.144989967     4
8.144989967     3
8.219725609     3
8.219725609     4
8.457152367     4
8.457152367     3
8.521706581     3
8.521706581     1
9.473724365     1
9.473724365     3
9.59753418      3
9.59753418      2
9.620467186     2
9.620467186     3
9.874094009     3
9.874094009     1
10.11714172     1
10.11714172     3
10.32311916     3
10.32311916     1
10.50865269     1
10.50865269     2
10.57706642     2
10.57706642     3
10.6662941      3
10.6662941      4
10.98414516     4
10.98414516     3
11.00107479     3
11.00107479     1
11.33084774     1
11.33084774     2
11.37604332     2
11.37604332     3
11.45184708     3
11.45184708     2
11.52349281     2
11.52349281     3
12.36894798     3
12.36894798     1
12.81125546     1
12.81125546     3
12.93089008     3
12.93089008     1
13.24406147     1
13.24406147     3
13.66523838     3
13.66523838     2
13.68216228     2
13.68216228     3
13.73967743     3
13.73967743     1
13.8980484      1
13.8980484      3
14.03880787     3
14.03880787     1
14.34778786     1
14.34778786     2
14.36893559     2
14.36893559     1
14.38809204     1
14.38809204     3
14.702281       3
14.702281       2
14.725214       2
14.725214       1
15.5604763      1
15.5604763      3
15.58166695     3
15.58166695     1
15.60701275     1
15.60701275     3
15.76088619     3
15.76088619     4
15.80319786     4
15.80319786     3
15.8303442      3
15.8303442      4
15.88885975     4
15.88885975     3
15.93089485     3
15.93089485     4
15.96932888     4
15.96932888     3
15.99862099     3
15.99862099     2
16.01060104     2
16.01060104     3
16.02223587     3
16.02223587     4
16.07548904     4
16.07548904     3
16.12244034     3
16.12244034     1
16.14286804     1
16.14286804     2
16.15838051     2
16.15838051     1
16.25825119     1
16.25825119     3
16.27019691     3
16.27019691     2
16.29347229     2
16.29347229     3
16.31605911     3
16.31605911     2
16.32450485     2
16.32450485     3
16.430439       3
16.430439       4
16.56260109     4
16.56260109     3
16.61979103     3
16.61979103     4
16.64306641     4
16.64306641     3
16.71254539     3
16.71254539     1
16.72243118     1
16.72243118     3
16.74996185     3
16.74996185     4
16.90478134     4
16.90478134     1
16.94885826     1
16.94885826     2
16.97989082 	2
16.97989082     1
17.00529289     1
17.00529289     2
17.0455246      2
17.0455246      3
17.13724899     3
17.13724899     4
17.40988922     4
17.40988922     1
18.32908821     1
18.32908821     2
18.33939171     2
18.33939171     1
18.364048       1
18.364048       3
18.41906357     3
18.41906357     4
18.45752716     4
18.45752716     3
18.47971153     3
18.47971153     4
18.53932953     4
18.53932953     3
18.656847       3
18.656847       2
18.70121765     2
18.70121765     3
18.78981972     3
18.78981972     4
18.92450905     4
18.92450905     3
19.03282356     3
19.03282356     1
19.53470612     1
19.53470612     2
19.56548691     2
19.56548691     3
19.65432549     3
19.65432549     2
19.70125198     2
19.70125198     3
19.72413254     3
19.72413254     2
19.74213409     2
19.74213409     3
19.76226425     3
19.76226425     2
19.79545021     2
19.79545021     3
20.20000076     3