# Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Last Glacial Maximum Hydoclimate Proxy Synthesis
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# plus the Online Resource and date accessed.
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14428
#
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/dinezio2013/dinezio2013mar-raw.txt
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2013-05-19
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Last Glacial Maximum Hydoclimate Proxy Synthesis
#--------------------
# Investigators
#      Investigators: DiNezio, P.N.; Tierney, J.E.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#      Description: Synthesis of hydoclimatic proxy records for the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool at the Last Glacial Maximum,
#      indicating wet or dry hydroclimatic conditions from both marine and terrestrial proxies. terr_raw and marine_raw
#      contain the locations and hydroclimate state at the LGM from a collection of proxy records. Their "val" field
#      indicates whether the proxy captured dry(val=-1)/unchanged(val=0)/wetter(val=1) or fresh(val=-1)/unchanged(val=0)/salty(val=1)
#      climate at the LGM. "n_obs" is the number of proxy techniques used to estimate LGM hydroclimate from each location.
#      is_robust=1 indicates when different proxy techniques agree in their estimates of LGM hydroclimate at each location.
#      is_robust also takes the value of 1 when only one proxy technique is used. "chrono_flag=1" indicates whether the proxy
#      record contains one or more radiocarbon U/Th or well-constrained OSL dates near to or during the LGM. chrono_flag=0
#      indicates that the LGM was dated via wiggle-matching the local benthic d18O to a global stack or another method.
#      terr_gridded and marine_gridded are the final "gridded" data as seen in the main text of DiNezio and Tierney (2013),
#      in which proxies were averaged within a search radius of 150 km. The "is_robust" field of terr_gridded and marine_gridded
#      indicates whether the observations merged into each "gridded" point agree (is_robust=1) or not (is_robust=0).
#      See DiNezio and Tierney (2013) for more details.
#
#--------------------
# Publication
#       Authors: Pedro N. DiNezio and Jessica E. Tierney
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-05-19
#       Published_Title: The effect of sea level on glacial Indo-Pacific climate
#       Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience
#       Volume:
#       Edition:
#       Issue:
#       Pages:
#       DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1823
#       Abstract: The Indo-Pacific warm pool - the main source of heat and moisture to the global atmosphere - plays a prominent role in tropical and global climate variability. During the Last Glacial Maximum, temperatures within the warm pool were cooler than today and precipitation patterns were altered, but the mechanism responsible for these shifts remains unclear. Here we use a synthesis of proxy reconstructions of warm pool hydrology and a multi-model ensemble of climate simulations to assess the drivers of these changes. The proxy data suggest drier conditions throughout the centre of the warm pool and wetter conditions in the western Indian and Pacific oceans. Only one model out of twelve simulates a pattern of hydroclimate change similar to our reconstructions, as measured by the Cohen's K statistic. Exposure of the Sunda Shelf by lower glacial sea level plays a key role in the hydrologic pattern simulated by this model, which results from changes in the Walker circulation driven by weakened convection over the warm pool. We therefore conclude that on glacial-interglacial timescales, the growth and decay of ice sheets exert a first-order influence on tropical climate through the associated changes in global sea level.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#       Grant: AGS 1204011
#------------------
# Funding_Agency
#       Funding_Agency_Name: International Pacific Research Center
#       Grant:
#------------------
# Site_Information
#       Site_Name: Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
#       Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean
#	Country:
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 20.0
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: -16.0
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -155.0
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 55.0
# 	Elevation: 0 m
#------------------
# Data_Collection
#	Collection_Name: DiNezio2013MarineRaw
#	Earliest_Year: 21000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 18000
#	Time_Unit: Cal Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes:
#------------------
# Chronology:
#
#
#
#----------------
# Variables
#
# Data variables follow (have no #)
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:
Longitude	Latitude	Location	Core ID	Proxy	Category	Is_Robust	N_obs	chrono_flag	Reference		"KEY: -1 = Fresher, 0 = No Change, 1 = Saltier"
111.83	-24.74	Western Australia	Fr10/95-GC20	radiolaria transfer function	0	1	1	0	"Rogers, J. & De Deckker, P. (2007) Marine Micropaleontology"
108.51	-24.46	Western Australia	Fr10/96-GC10	radiolaria transfer function	-1	1	1	0	"Rogers, J. & De Deckker, P. (2007) Marine Micropaleontology"
108.37	-23.95	Western Australia	Fr10/95-GC11	radiolaria transfer function	0	1	1	0	"Rogers, J. & De Deckker, P. (2007) Marine Micropaleontology"
166.15	-23.00	Coral sea	MD06-301	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Russon, T. et al. (2011) Paleoceanography"
113.50	-22.13	Western Australia	Fr10/95-GC17	radiolaria transfer function	-1	1	1	0	"Rogers, J. & De Deckker, P. (2007) Marine Micropaleontology"
110.51	-19.41	Western Australia	Fr10/95-GC14	radiolaria transfer function	-1	1	1	0	"Rogers, J. & De Deckker, P. (2007) Marine Micropaleontology"
115.00	-17.64	Western Australia	Fr10/95-11	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	0	1	1	0	"Martinez, J. I., De Deckker, P. & Barrows, T. T. (2002) in Bridging Wallace’s Line: The Environmental and Cultural History and Dynamics of the SE-Asian-Australian Region"
166.28	-15.79	Coral sea	ODP 828A	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	1	1	1	0	"Martinez, J. I., De Deckker, P. & Barrows, T. T. (2002) in Bridging Wallace’s Line: The Environmental and Cultural History and Dynamics of the SE-Asian-Australian Region"
119.50	-15.31	Timor Sea	SO184506	d18Osw	0	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
121.03	-14.01	Western Australia	Fr10/95-5	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	1	1	1	0	"Martinez, J. I., De Deckker, P. & Barrows, T. T. (2002) in Bridging Wallace’s Line: The Environmental and Cultural History and Dynamics of the SE-Asian-Australian Region"
120.70	-14.98	Timor Sea	SO184500	d18Osw	1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
120.00	-13.85	Timor Sea	SO184507	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
121.79	-13.08	Timor Sea	MD01-2378	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
122.42	-11.52	Timor Sea	SO18473	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
121.70	-11.30	Timor Sea	SO18475	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
120.99	-10.95	Timor Sea	SO18476	d18Osw	1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
120.67	-10.83	Timor Sea	SO18477	d18Osw	1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
51.77	-10.15	western Indian Ocean	WIND 28K	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Kiefer, T., McCave, I. & Elderfield, H. (2006) Geophysical Research Letters"
129.24	-9.09	Timor Sea	SO18462	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
128.64	-8.79	Timor Sea	SO18460	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
128.17	-8.50	Timor Sea	SO18459	d18Osw	1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
103.25	-5.94	West Sumatra	GeoB 10038-4	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Mohtadi, M., Steinke, S., Lu ?ckge, A., Groeneveld, J. & Hathorne, E. (2010) Earth and Planetary Science Letters"
117.90	-4.69	Makassar Strait	MD98-2162	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Visser, K., Thunell, R. & Stott, L. (2003) Nature; Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
100.13	-1.49	West Sumatra	GeoB 10029-4	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Mohtadi, M., Steinke, S., Lu ?ckge, A., Groeneveld, J. & Hathorne, E. (2010) Earth and Planetary Science Letters"
90.00	-1.00	Bay of Bengal	RC14-35	foram transfer function	0	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
159.36	0.32	Ontong Java Plateau	ODP806B	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Lea, D., Pak, D. & Spero, H. (2000) Science"
129.79	1.13	West Pacific	MD01-2386	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
146.14	1.25	West Pacific Warm Pool	MD97-2138	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"de Garidel-Thoron, T. et al. (2007) Paleoceanography"
44.78	1.25	Arabian Sea	IOE-143KK	d18Osw	1	1	1	0	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
67.34	1.90	Arabian Sea	SO28-18KL	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
90.00	2.00	Bay of Bengal	RC14-37	foram transfer function	0	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
141.77	2.03	West Pacific Warm Pool	MD97-2140	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"de Garidel-Thoron, T., Rosenthal, Y., Bassinot, F. & Beaufort, L. (2005) Nature"
127.74	2.68	Molucca Sea	K12	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	0	1	1	0	"Martinez, J. I., De Deckker, P. & Barrows, T. T. (2002) in Bridging Wallace’s Line: The Environmental and Cultural History and Dynamics of the SE-Asian-Australian Region"
73.88	5.07	Arabian Sea	MD90-0963	d18Oruber+alkenone SST	1	1	1	0	"Rostek, F. et al. (1993) Nature"
90.52	5.85	Bay of Bengal	RC14-39	foram transfer function	0	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
90.08	5.18	Bay of Bengal	SK157-14	d18Oruber	1	1	1	1	"Ahmad, S., Babu, G., Padmakumari, V. & Raza, W. (2008) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
60.25	5.39	Arabian Sea	SO28-11KL	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
125.83	6.30	Mindanao	MD98-2181	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Stott, L. D., Poulsen, C., Lund, S. & Thunell, R. C. (2002) Science"
111.82	6.37	South China Sea	SO18267	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
113.42	6.47	South China Sea	MD01-2390	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Steinke, S. et al. (2006) Quaternary Science Reviews"
126.50	6.51	West Pacific	MD06-3067	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
139.64	8.02	Caroline Basin	3cBX	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Sagawa, T., Yokoyama, Y., Ikehara, M. & Kuwae, M. (2012) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
121.30	8.80	Sulu Sea	MD97-2141	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Rosenthal, Y., Oppo, D. & Linsley, B. (2003) Geophysical Research Letters"
90.03	9.13	Bay of Bengal	RC12-339	foram transfer function	-1	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
57.74	10.50	Arabian Sea	SO42-87KL	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
51.93	10.77	Arabian Sea	NIOP 905	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Anand, P. et al. (2008) Paleoceanography"
115.31	10.90	South China Sea	SO17957	d18Osw	1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
96.04	12.46	Andaman Sea	RC12-344	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Rashid, H., Flower, B., Poore, R. & Quinn, T. (2007) Quaternary Science Reviews"
90.02	12.70	Bay of Bengal	RC12-340	foram transfer function	0	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
82.00	14.04	Bay of Bengal	SK218/1	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Govil, P. & Divakar Naidu, P. (2011) Quaternary Science Reviews"
57.35	14.32	Arabian Sea	SO42-74KL	d18Osw	-1	1	1	1	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
83.58	14.71	Bay of Bengal	VM29-19	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Rashid, H., England, E., Thompson, L. & Polyak, L. (2011) Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci."
111.53	14.76	South China Sea	SO17954	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
90.00	15.00	Bay of Bengal	RC12-343	foram transfer function	1	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
72.97	15.25	Arabian Sea	ORV SK17	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Anand, P. et al. (2008) Paleoceanography"
72.85	15.48	Arabian Sea	SK117-GC8	d18Osw	1	1	1	1	"Banakar, V., Mahesh, B., Burr, G. & Chodankar, A. (2010) Quaternary Research"
68.76	15.52	Arabian Sea	SO42-26KL	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
112.90	16.09	South China Sea	SO17950	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
69.05	17.08	Arabian Sea	SO42-36KL	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
119.45	17.25	South China Sea	SO17927	d18Osw	-1	1	1	0	"Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M. & Andersen, N. (2010) Paleoceanography"
58.80	17.38	Arabian Sea	TN47-6GGC	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Dahl, K. & Oppo, D. (2006) Paleoceanography"
90.00	17.50	Bay of Bengal	MD77-181	foram transfer function	1	1	1	0	"Cullen, J. (1981) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"
126.24	-8.46	Banda Sea	SHI-9016	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	1	1	1	1	"Spooner, M., Barrows, T., DeDeckker, P. & Paterne, M. (2005) Global and Planetary Change"
113.48	-22.08	Western Australia	MD00-2361	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	-1	1	1	1	"Spooner, M., De Deckker, P., Barrows, T. & Fifield, L. (2011) Global and Planetary Change"
118.34	-9.65	Indonesia	MD98-2165	d18Osw	0	1	1	1	"Levi, C. et al. (2007) Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems "
36.33	-20.40	Mozambique Channel	MD79-257	d18Oruber+foram transfer SST	0	1	1	1	"Levi, C. et al. (2007) Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems "