# Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Last Glacial Maximum Hydoclimate Proxy Synthesis #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14428 # # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/dinezio2013/dinezio2013terr-raw.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-05-19 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Last Glacial Maximum Hydoclimate Proxy Synthesis #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: DiNezio, P.N.; Tierney, J.E. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Synthesis of hydoclimatic proxy records for the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool at the Last Glacial Maximum, # indicating wet or dry hydroclimatic conditions from both marine and terrestrial proxies. terr_raw and marine_raw # contain the locations and hydroclimate state at the LGM from a collection of proxy records. Their "val" field # indicates whether the proxy captured dry(val=-1)/unchanged(val=0)/wetter(val=1) or fresh(val=-1)/unchanged(val=0)/salty(val=1) # climate at the LGM. "n_obs" is the number of proxy techniques used to estimate LGM hydroclimate from each location. # is_robust=1 indicates when different proxy techniques agree in their estimates of LGM hydroclimate at each location. # is_robust also takes the value of 1 when only one proxy technique is used. "chrono_flag=1" indicates whether the proxy # record contains one or more radiocarbon U/Th or well-constrained OSL dates near to or during the LGM. chrono_flag=0 # indicates that the LGM was dated via wiggle-matching the local benthic d18O to a global stack or another method. # terr_gridded and marine_gridded are the final "gridded" data as seen in the main text of DiNezio and Tierney (2013), # in which proxies were averaged within a search radius of 150 km. The "is_robust" field of terr_gridded and marine_gridded # indicates whether the observations merged into each "gridded" point agree (is_robust=1) or not (is_robust=0). # See DiNezio and Tierney (2013) for more details. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Pedro N. DiNezio and Jessica E. Tierney # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-05-19 # Published_Title: The effect of sea level on glacial Indo-Pacific climate # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1823 # Abstract: The Indo-Pacific warm pool - the main source of heat and moisture to the global atmosphere - plays a prominent role in tropical and global climate variability. During the Last Glacial Maximum, temperatures within the warm pool were cooler than today and precipitation patterns were altered, but the mechanism responsible for these shifts remains unclear. Here we use a synthesis of proxy reconstructions of warm pool hydrology and a multi-model ensemble of climate simulations to assess the drivers of these changes. The proxy data suggest drier conditions throughout the centre of the warm pool and wetter conditions in the western Indian and Pacific oceans. Only one model out of twelve simulates a pattern of hydroclimate change similar to our reconstructions, as measured by the Cohen's K statistic. Exposure of the Sunda Shelf by lower glacial sea level plays a key role in the hydrologic pattern simulated by this model, which results from changes in the Walker circulation driven by weakened convection over the warm pool. We therefore conclude that on glacial-interglacial timescales, the growth and decay of ice sheets exert a first-order influence on tropical climate through the associated changes in global sea level. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS 1204011 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: International Pacific Research Center # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Indo-Pacific Warm Pool # Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 20.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: -16.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: -155.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: 55.0 # Elevation: 0 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: DiNezio2013TerrRaw # Earliest_Year: 21000 # Most_Recent_Year: 18000 # Time_Unit: Cal Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Longitude Latitude Location Core or Site ID Proxy Category Is_Robust N_obs chrono_flag Reference "KEY: -1 = Drier, 0 = No Change, 1 =Wetter" 132.3 -22.8 central Australia Lake Lewis high dune activity -1 1 1 1 "Chen, X., Chappell, J. & Murray, A. (1995) Geomorphology; English, P., Spooner, N., Chappell, J., Questiaux, D. & Hill, N. (2001), Quaternary International" 113.5018333 -22.04566667 Western Australia Fr10/95-GC17 pollen -1 1 1 1 "van der Kaars, S., De Deckker, P. & Gingele, F. (2006) Journal of Quaternary Science" 127.45 -19.8 Northwestern Australia "Lake Gregory, Fitzroy Basin" "lake desiccation, dune activity" -1 1 2 1 "Wyrwoll, K. & Miller, G. (2001) Quaternary International" 46.91666667 -19.78333333 Madagascar Lake Tritrivakely diatoms -1 1 1 1 "Gasse, F. & Campo, E. V. (1998) Quaternary Research" 37.8685 -18.24116667 Zambezi River Delta 64PE203-80 "CBT index, dDwax" 1 1 2 1 "Castaņeda, I. et al. (2010), AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts; Wang, Y. et al. (2012) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta" 125 -17.45 Northwestern Australia Carpenter's Gap phytoliths -1 1 1 1 "Wallis, L. (2001) Quaternary International" 145.7 -17.36666667 Northeastern Australia Lynch's Crater "pollen, charcoal" -1 1 2 1 "Kershaw, A. (1986) Nature" 146.6333333 -16.83333333 "Northeast Queensland, Australia" Lake Euramoo pollen -1 1 1 1 "Haberle, S. (2005) Quaternary Research" 146.3 -16.63333333 Northeastern Australia ODP Site 820 "pollen, charcoal" -1 1 2 1 "Moss, P. & Kershaw, P. (2000) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 118.3833333 -16.35 Eastern Indian Ocean SO-14-08-05 dust flux -1 1 1 1 "Hesse, P. & McTainsh, G. (2003) Quaternary Science Reviews" 35.5 -15.5 Malawi Lake Chilwa shorelines/lake level 1 0 1 1 "Thomas, D., Bailey, R., Shaw, P., Durcan, J. & Singarayer, J. (2009) Quaternary Science Reviews" 121.5856667 -13.16683333 North Australian Basin MD98-2167 pollen -1 1 1 1 "Kershaw, A., van der Kaars, S. & Flenley, J. (2007) in Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change; Williams, M. et al. (2009) Quaternary Science Reviews" 131 -13 Northwestern Australia "Lily pond, Wangi falls, Waterfall creek" evidence for paleofloods 1 1 1 0 "Nott, J. & Price, D. (1999) Earth and Planetary Science Letters" 34 -12 Malawi Lake Malawi "d13Cwax, vivianite, dDwax, diatoms, OM characterization" 0 0 1 1 "Barker, P. A. & Gasse, F. (2003) Quaternary Science Reviews; Filippi, M. & Talbot, M. (2005) Quaternary Science Reviews; Cohen, A. S. et al. (2007) PNAS; Castan?eda, I. S., Werne, J. P. & Johnson, T. C. (2007) Geology; Konecky, B. et al. (2011) Earth and Planetary Science Letters" 140 -12 northern Australia Gulf of Carpentaria lake level -1 1 1 1 "Reeves, J. et al. (2008) Quaternary International" 118.0666667 -10.78333333 Lombok Ridge G6-4 "pollen, charcoal" -1 1 2 1 "Wang, X., van der Kaars, S., Kershaw, P., Bird, M. & Jansen, F. (1999) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 33.755 -9.333 Malawi/Rungwe Mountains Lake Masoko "runoff (magnetic susceptibility), pollen" 1 1 2 1 "Garcin, Y., Vincens, A., Williamson, D., Guiot, J. & Buchet, G. (2006) Geophysical Research Letters; Vincens, A., Garcin, Y. & Buchet, G. (2007) Journal of Biogeography" 29.75 -9.083333333 Zambia Lake Cheshi lake level 0 1 1 0 "Stager, J. C. (1988) Quaternary Research" 36 -8 Tanzania Eastern Arc Mountains pollen 1 1 1 0 "Mumbi, C. T., Marchant, R., Hooghiemstra, H. & Wooller, M. J. (2008) Quaternary Research" 107.8 -7.2 West Java Bandung Basin pollen -1 1 1 1 "van der Kaars, W. & Dam, M. (1995) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 107.5 -7.1 Java Situ Bayongbong pollen 0 1 1 1 "Stuijts,I. ,Newsome, J. & Flenley, J. (1988) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology" 102.4181667 -6.0755 Sumatra BAR94-42 pollen 0 1 1 1 "van der Kaars, S., Bassinot, F., De Deckker, P. & Guichard, F. (2010) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 30 -6 East Africa Lake Tanganyika "diatoms, trace metals, dDwax" -1 1 2 1 "Gasse, F., Ledee, V., Massault, M. & Fontes, J. C. (1989) Nature; Felton, A. A. et al. (2007) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology; Tierney, J. E. et al. (2008) Science" 126.9666667 -5.766666667 Banda Sea SHI-9014 "pollen, charcoal" -1 1 2 1 "van der Kaars, S., Wang, X., Kershaw, P., Guichard, F. & Setiabudi, D. (2000) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 143 -5.5 Papua New Guinea Tari basin "pollen, charcoal" 0 1 2 1 "Haberle, S. (1998) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 133.4458333 -5.002666667 Aru Sea MD98-2175 pollen -1 1 1 1 "Kershaw, A., van der Kaars, S. & Flenley, J. (2007) in Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change; Williams, M. et al. (2009) Quaternary Science Reviews" 35.82 -3.92 Tanzania Lake Manyara lake level 1 1 1 1 "Street, F. A. & Grove, A. T. (1979) Quaternary Research; Street-Perrott, F. A., Marchand, D. S., Roberts, N. & Harrison, S. P. (1998) U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report; COHMAP Members (1994) Oxford Lake Levels Database; Casanova, J. & Hillaire-Marcel, C. (1992) Quaternary Research" 29.5 -3.5 eastern central Africa Multiple sites pollen -1 1 1 1 "Bonnefille, R. & Chalie, F. (2000) Global and Planetary Change" 37.7 -3.31666 Kenya/Tanzania Lake Challa "BIT index, dDwax, lake level" 1 1 2 1 "Tierney, J. E., Russell, J. M., Sinninghe Damste ?, J. S., Huang, Y. & Verschuren, D. (2011) Quaternary Science Reviews; Verschuren et al. (2009) Nature" 121.3 -2.5 "Sulawesi, Indonesia" Wanda Site "pollen, site nearly desiccated" -1 1 2 0 "Hope, G. (2001) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 140.5 -2.333 Irian Jaya Lake Hordorli "pollen, charcoal" 0 1 2 1 "Hope, G. & Tulip, J. (1994) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 100.7666667 -1.066666667 Sumatra Danau di Atas pollen 0 1 1 0 "Stuijts,I. ,Newsome, J. & Flenley, J. (1988) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Newsome, J. & Flenley, J. (1988) Journal of Biogeography" 33 -1 Tanzania/Uganda/Kenya Lake Victoria lake desiccation -1 1 1 0 "Johnson et al. (1996) Science; Talbot, M. & Laerdal, T. (2000) Journal of Paleolimnology" 117.5 -0.75 Kalimantan Mahakam Delta pollen -1 1 1 0 "Caratini, C. & Tissot, C. (1988) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology" 36.33 -0.68 Kenya Lake Naivasha lake level 1 1 1 0 "Street, F. A. & Grove, A. T. (1979) Quaternary Research; Street-Perrott, F. A., Marchand, D. S., Roberts, N. & Harrison, S. P. (1998) U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report; COHMAP Members (1994) Oxford Lake Levels Database" 36.17 -0.42 Kenya Lake Nakuru-Elementaita lake level -1 1 1 0 "Street, F. A. & Grove, A. T. (1979) Quaternary Research; Street-Perrott, F. A., Marchand, D. S., Roberts, N. & Harrison, S. P. (1998) U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report; COHMAP Members (1994) Oxford Lake Levels Database" 37 0 Kenya Aberdare Mountains pollen 1 1 1 0 "Perrott, R. A. & Street-Perrott, F. A. (1982) Palaeoecology of Africa" 37.53333333 0.05 Kenya Sacred Lake d13Corganic carbon -1 1 1 1 "Olago, D., Street-Perrott, F., Perrott, R., Ivanovich, M. & Harkness, D. (1999) Journal of African Earth Sciences; Olago, D. et al. (2000) Global and Planetary Change" 112.1 0.85 Kalimantan Lake Sentarum site nearly desiccated -1 1 1 1 "Anshari, G., Peter Kershaw, A. & van der Kaars, S. (2001) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 124.893 1.227 "Sulawesi, Indonesia" Lake Tondano "pollen, diatoms, lake desiccation" -1 1 2 0 "Dam, R., Fluin, J., Suparan, P. & van der Kaars, S. (2001) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 103.8 1.4 Singapore Nee Soon pollen -1 1 1 0 "Taylor, D., Yen, O., Sanderson, P. & Dodson, J. (2001) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 31 1.666 Albert Lake Albert lake level -1 1 1 0 "Williams, M. et al. (2006) Quaternary Science Reviews" 99.03333333 2.25 Sumatra Pea Bullok pollen 0 1 1 1 "Maloney, B. & McCormac, F. (1995) Radiocarbon" 107.8833333 2.783333333 South China Sea SO18323 pollen -1 1 1 1 "Wang, X., Sun, X., Wang, P. & Stattegger, K. (2009) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 101.7 3.216666667 Peninsular Malaysia Batu Cave bat guano d13C -1 1 1 1 "Wurster, C. et al. (2010) PNAS" 113.7666667 3.816666667 northern Borneo Niah Cave bat guano d13C 0 1 1 1 "Wurster, C. et al. (2010) PNAS" 114 4 Borneo (Malaysia) Gunang Buda speleothem d18O -1 1 1 1 "Partin, J. W., Cobb, K. M., Adkins, J. F., Clark, B. & Fernandez, D. P. (2007) Nature" 108.5666667 4.15 South China Sea SO18302 pollen 0 1 1 1 "Wang, X., Sun, X., Wang, P. & Stattegger, K. (2009) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 108.65 4.35 South China Sea SO18300 pollen -1 1 1 1 "Wang, X., Sun, X., Wang, P. & Stattegger, K. (2009) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 36 5 Kenya Lake Turkana lake level -1 1 1 0 "Street, F. A. & Grove, A. T. (1979) Quaternary Research; Street-Perrott, F. A., Marchand, D. S., Roberts, N. & Harrison, S. P. (1998) U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report; COHMAP Members (1994) Oxford Lake Levels Database" 112.2133333 6.158333333 South China Sea SO17964 pollen 0 1 1 1 "Sun, X., Li, X., Luo, Y. & Chen, X. (2000) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 125.8333333 6.483333333 "Davao Gulf, Phillipines" MD06-3075 pollen -1 1 1 0 "Bian, Y. et al. (2011) Chinese Science Bulletin" 117.55 8.516666667 "Palawan, Phillipines" Gangub Cave bat guano d13C -1 1 1 1 "Wurster, C. et al. (2010) PNAS" 119.45 10.46666667 "Palawan, Phillipines" Makangit Cave bat guano d13C -1 1 1 1 "Wurster, C. et al. (2010) PNAS" 75.23333333 10.5 Pakistan MD77-194 pollen -1 1 1 0 "Van Campo, E. (1986) Quaternary Research" 41.6 11.1 Ethiopia/Djibouti Lake Abhe lake level 1 1 1 0 "Gasse, E. & Street, F. A. (1978) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" 76.75 11.25 southern India Nilgiri Hills peat d13C -1 1 1 1 "Sukumar, R., Ramesh, R., Pant, R. & Rajagopalan, G. (1993) Nature; Rajagopalan, G., Sukumar, R., Ramesh, R., Pant, R. & Rajagopalan, G. (1997) Current Science" 44.3 11.955 Gulf of Aden P178-15P dDwax -1 1 1 1 "Tierney & deMenocal (2013), in prep" 54 12.5 Socotra Moomi Cave speleothem d18O -1 1 1 1 "Shakun, J. D. et al. (2007) Earth and Planetary Science Letters" 72.5 15.5 Pakistan MD76-131 pollen -1 1 1 0 "Van Campo, E. (1986) Quaternary Research" 102.9 17.1 Northeast Thailand Nong Pa Kho charcoal -1 1 1 0 "Penny, D. (2001) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"