# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Shimoduma #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000599 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Shimoduma.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Shimoduma #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Shimoduma # Location: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.19 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.19 # Easternmost_Longitude: 139.95 # Westernmost_Longitude: 139.95 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Shimoduma-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2004 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: M. Taniguchi (JP) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 16.21 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -1.197 # 17th -1.172 # 18th -0.829 # 19th 0.323 # 20th 1.831 # Date of logging (Year): 2003.19 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.78 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 21.53 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 34.00 15.620 36.00 15.600 38.00 15.640 40.00 15.650 42.00 15.660 44.00 15.670 46.00 15.700 48.00 15.730 50.00 15.760 52.00 15.810 54.00 15.830 56.00 15.870 58.00 15.910 60.00 15.960 62.00 16.010 64.00 16.060 66.00 16.100 68.00 16.150 70.00 16.210 72.00 16.250 74.00 16.310 76.00 16.360 78.00 16.420 80.00 16.480 82.00 16.540 84.00 16.590 86.00 16.680 88.00 16.710 90.00 16.760 92.00 16.820 94.00 16.880 96.00 16.940 98.00 17.000 100.00 17.060 102.00 17.110 104.00 17.170 106.00 17.220 108.00 17.270 110.00 17.330 112.00 17.380 114.00 17.420 116.00 17.490 118.00 17.530 120.00 17.580 122.00 17.650 124.00 17.700 126.00 17.760 128.00 17.820 130.00 17.880 132.00 17.930 134.00 18.000 136.00 18.060 138.00 18.110 140.00 18.160 142.00 18.220 144.00 18.290 146.00 18.330 148.00 18.400 150.00 18.460 152.00 18.520 154.00 18.580 156.00 18.650 158.00 18.720 160.00 18.780 162.00 18.840 164.00 18.900 166.00 18.980 168.00 19.030 170.00 19.080 172.00 19.150 174.00 19.210 176.00 19.260 178.00 19.310 180.00 19.360 182.00 19.430 184.00 19.490 186.00 19.540 188.00 19.580 190.00 19.650 192.00 19.700 194.00 19.760 196.00 19.820 198.00 19.880 200.00 19.950 202.00 20.000 204.00 20.050 206.00 20.120 208.00 20.160 210.00 20.240 212.00 20.290 214.00 20.370 216.00 20.420 218.00 20.460 220.00 20.530 222.00 20.580 224.00 20.640 226.00 20.690 228.00 20.750 230.00 20.800 232.00 20.860 234.00 20.900 236.00 20.950 238.00 21.000 240.00 21.060 242.00 21.100 244.00 21.140 246.00 21.210 248.00 21.250 250.00 21.300 252.00 21.340 254.00 21.400 256.00 21.450 258.00 21.510 260.00 21.560 262.00 21.610 264.00 21.660 266.00 21.710 268.00 21.750 270.00 21.800 272.00 21.840 274.00 21.900 276.00 21.940 278.00 21.990 280.00 22.020 282.00 22.060 284.00 22.110 286.00 22.140 288.00 22.190 290.00 22.230 292.00 22.250 294.00 22.290 296.00 22.310 298.00 22.340