# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3560012 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004887 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3560012.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3560012 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3560012 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.7543 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.7543 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.4999 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.4999 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3560012-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1994 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.20 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.251 # 17th -0.338 # 18th -0.798 # 19th -0.863 # 20th 0.310 # Date of logging (Year): 1993.930 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.68 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 26.51 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 20.00 10.310 22.00 10.430 24.00 10.540 26.00 10.700 28.00 10.870 30.00 11.010 32.00 11.140 34.00 11.260 36.00 11.380 38.00 11.520 40.00 11.680 42.00 11.840 44.00 11.980 46.00 12.110 48.00 12.230 50.00 12.330 52.00 12.420 54.00 12.500 56.00 12.590 58.00 12.660 60.00 12.760 62.00 12.860 64.00 12.960 66.00 13.050 68.00 13.120 70.00 13.210 72.00 13.290 74.00 13.360 76.00 13.410 78.00 13.470 80.00 13.500 82.00 13.570 84.00 13.640 86.00 13.690 88.00 13.750 90.00 13.830 92.00 13.890 94.00 13.950 96.00 14.010 98.00 14.080 100.00 14.170 102.00 14.310 104.00 14.350 106.00 14.390 108.00 14.390 110.00 14.430 112.00 14.480 114.00 14.520 116.00 14.570 118.00 14.610 120.00 14.870 122.00 15.060 124.00 15.120 126.00 15.200 128.00 15.300 130.00 15.370 132.00 15.420 134.00 15.500 136.00 15.540 138.00 15.610 140.00 15.650 142.00 15.710 144.00 15.780 146.00 15.820 148.00 15.870 150.00 15.930 152.00 16.000 154.00 16.030 156.00 16.100 158.00 16.170 160.00 16.250 162.00 16.310 164.00 16.360 166.00 16.420 168.00 16.470 170.00 16.530 172.00 16.580 174.00 16.640 176.00 16.700 178.00 16.750 180.00 16.850 182.00 16.900 184.00 16.960 186.00 17.000 188.00 17.080 190.00 17.160 192.00 17.190 194.00 17.230 196.00 17.300 198.00 17.390 200.00 17.420 202.00 17.460 204.00 17.500 206.00 17.560 208.00 17.620 210.00 17.690 212.00 17.700 214.00 17.730 216.00 17.840 218.00 17.870 220.00 17.900 222.00 17.890 224.00 18.030 226.00 18.050 228.00 18.160 230.00 18.200 232.00 18.270 234.00 18.340 236.00 18.360 238.00 18.420 240.00 18.450 242.00 18.510 246.00 18.600 248.00 18.660 250.00 18.710 252.00 18.760 254.00 18.810 256.00 18.960 258.00 19.000 260.00 19.010 262.00 19.080 264.00 19.140 266.00 19.190 268.00 19.250 270.00 19.300 272.00 19.350 274.00 19.420 276.00 19.480 278.00 19.510 280.00 19.580 282.00 19.620 284.00 19.670 286.00 19.750 288.00 19.800 290.00 19.920 292.00 19.940 294.00 20.010 296.00 20.060 298.00 20.140 300.00 20.200 302.00 20.230 304.00 20.280 306.00 20.330 308.00 20.380 310.00 20.430 312.00 20.480 314.00 20.550 316.00 20.590 318.00 20.620 320.00 20.720 322.00 20.750 324.00 20.830 326.00 20.880 328.00 20.900 330.00 21.010 332.00 21.050 334.00 21.100 336.00 21.240 338.00 21.300 340.00 21.300 342.00 21.310 344.00 21.360 346.00 21.410 348.00 21.460 350.00 21.510 352.00 21.560 354.00 21.590 356.00 21.680 358.00 21.710 360.00 21.750 362.00 21.820 364.00 21.880 366.00 21.930 368.00 21.970 370.00 22.030 372.00 22.080 374.00 22.130 376.00 22.180 378.00 22.220 380.00 22.280 382.00 22.320 384.00 22.380 386.00 22.430 388.00 22.500 390.00 22.550 392.00 22.610 394.00 22.660 396.00 22.700 398.00 22.760 400.00 22.800 402.00 22.870 404.00 22.910 406.00 22.970 408.00 22.990 410.00 23.070 412.00 23.080 414.00 23.180 416.00 23.230 418.00 23.270 420.00 23.330 422.00 23.370 424.00 23.430 426.00 23.480 428.00 23.570 430.00 23.580 432.00 23.610 434.00 23.660 436.00 23.710 438.00 23.760 440.00 23.830 442.00 23.860 444.00 23.920 446.00 24.030 448.00 24.050 450.00 24.100 452.00 24.140 454.00 24.220 456.00 24.250 458.00 24.300 460.00 24.380 462.00 24.430 464.00 24.490 466.00 24.550 468.00 24.610 470.00 24.610 472.00 24.650 474.00 24.730 476.00 24.770 478.00 24.830 480.00 24.880 482.00 24.930 484.00 24.970 486.00 25.040 488.00 25.090 490.00 25.130 492.00 25.200 494.00 25.250 496.00 25.300 498.00 25.350 500.00 25.400 502.00 25.460 504.00 25.500 506.00 25.560 508.00 25.600 510.00 25.660 512.00 25.750 514.00 25.770 516.00 25.850 518.00 25.900 520.00 25.960 522.00 26.020 524.00 26.080 526.00 26.160 528.00 26.200 530.00 26.230 532.00 26.290 534.00 26.350 536.00 26.410 538.00 26.470 540.00 26.530 542.00 26.560 544.00 26.630 546.00 26.680 548.00 26.720 550.00 26.780 552.00 26.830 554.00 26.880 556.00 26.940 558.00 26.990 560.00 27.050 562.00 27.120 564.00 27.200 566.00 27.210 568.00 27.280 570.00 27.320 572.00 27.370 574.00 27.420 576.00 27.480 578.00 27.540 580.00 27.600 582.00 27.660 584.00 27.720 586.00 27.780 588.00 27.830 590.00 27.890 592.00 27.950 594.00 28.010 596.00 28.060 598.00 28.120 600.00 28.180