# Southern Ocean Oligocene-Miocene Boundary Lipid Biomarker Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35113 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-35113.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/8yr3-yv74 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kim2022/kim2022odp1168.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Core ODP 1168 GDGT and Biomarker Index Data # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kim2022/kim2022-supp.txt # Related_Online_Description: Supplemental File; GC-amenable Compound Data for IODP U1356 and ODP 1168 # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-28 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-18 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Southern Ocean Oligocene-Miocene Boundary Lipid Biomarker Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Kim, B.; Zhang, Y.G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Lipid biomarker and compound-specific carbon isotope data from ODP Sites 1168 and 1170, and IODP U1356, across the Oligocene-Miocene Boundary. Diagnostic lipid biomarkers linked to methane cycling were screened from the late Oligocene - early Miocene sediment samples, to evaluate the potential role of marine methane hydrate system in the global carbon cycle and climate across the Oligocene-Miocene Boundary. Data includes glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) measurements and GDGT-based indexes (i.e., TEX86, Methane Index, Ring Index, BIT), as well as archaeal/bacterial lipid biomarkers and their compound-specific carbon isotope measurements. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Bumsoo Kim and Yi Ge Zhang # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-02-14 # Published_Title: Methane hydrate dissociation across the Oligocene-Miocene Boundary # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 15 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 203-209 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41561-022-00895-5 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Methane hydrate dissociation has long been considered as a mechanism for global carbon cycle perturbations, climate change and even mass extinctions in Earth’s history. However, direct evidence of hydrate destabilization and methane release coinciding with such events is scarce. Here we report the presence of diagnostic lipid biomarkers with depleted carbon isotopes from three sites in the Southern Ocean that are directly linked to methane release and subsequent oxidation across the Oligocene–Miocene boundary (23 million years ago). The biomarker evidence indicates that the hydrate destabilization was initiated during the peak of the Oligocene–Miocene boundary glaciation and sea-level low stand, consistent with our model results suggesting the decrease in hydrostatic pressure eroded the base of global methane hydrate stability zones. Aerobic oxidation of methane in seawater consumes oxygen and acidifies the ocean, acting as a negative feedback that perhaps facilitated the rapid and mysterious termination of glaciation in the early Miocene. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Texas A&M University # Grant: Triads for Transformation Program #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Texas Sea Grant # Grant: Grants-In-Aid of Graduate Research Program (NA18OAR4170088) #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP 1168 # Location: Southern Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: -42.6 # Southernmost_Latitude: -42.6 # Easternmost_Longitude: 144.4 # Westernmost_Longitude: 144.4 # Elevation_m: #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Kim2022ODP1168GDGT # First_Year: 25000000 # Last_Year: 21000000 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: 138 # Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sample-interval sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Sample core and interval (cm) ## depth depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N, meters below sea floor ## GDGT-0 glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography,N,fractional abundance of GDGT-0; 1302 ## GDGT-1 glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography,N,fractional abundance of GDGT-1; 1300 ## GDGT-2 glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography,N,fractional abundance of GDGT-2; 1298 ## GDGT-3 glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,,fraction,,paleoceanography,,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography,N,fractional abundance of GDGT-3; 1296 ## [cren] glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,,microgram per gram,,paleoceanography,,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of crenarchaeol; ug/g sediment; 1292 ## [cren'] glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether,,,microgram per gram,,paleoceanography,,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography,N,concentration of crenarchaeol; ug/g sediment; 1292' ## TEX86 tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N, Schouten et al. 2002 ## MI methane index,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index; Zhang et al. 2011 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 307(3-4) pp.525-534 ## RI ring index,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index; Zhang et al. 2016 Paleoceanography 31(2) pp.220-232 ## RI' ring index,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N,ring index prime; glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index; Zhang et al. 2016 Paleoceanography 31(2) pp.220-232 ## DRI ring index,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N,Delta ring index; glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index; Zhang et al. 2016 Paleoceanography 31(2) pp.220-232 ## BIT branched and isoprenoid tetraether index,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N,BIT index; Hopmans et al. 2004 # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sample-interval depth GDGT-0 GDGT-1 GDGT-2 GDGT-3 [cren] [cren'] TEX86 MI RI RI' DRI BIT 41X-3, 115-123 381.49 0.52 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.28 0.04 0.66 0.36 1.54 2.51 -0.98 0.92 41X-6, 39-47 385.23 0.48 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.30 0.04 0.62 0.34 1.66 2.37 -0.71 0.92 42X-2, 53-61 388.97 0.46 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.29 0.04 0.58 0.39 1.67 2.25 -0.58 0.93 42X-4, 128-136 392.72 0.38 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.33 0.05 0.61 0.38 1.93 2.36 -0.43 0.92 42X-CC, 10-18 396.43 0.38 0.17 0.09 0.03 0.30 0.04 0.49 0.45 1.79 2.01 -0.22 0.92 43X-2, 0-6 398.03 0.31 0.10 0.07 0.02 0.46 0.04 0.58 0.27 2.32 2.25 0.07 0.78 43X-3, 4-10 399.57 0.29 0.13 0.20 0.02 0.33 0.03 0.67 0.48 2.04 2.55 -0.51 0.90 43X-3, 47-53 400.00 0.14 0.41 0.40 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.50 0.95 1.39 2.02 -0.63 0.95 43X-3, 100-108 400.54 0.39 0.09 0.09 0.02 0.36 0.05 0.65 0.33 1.95 2.48 -0.52 0.92 43X-5, 42-50 402.96 0.39 0.11 0.11 0.03 0.31 0.05 0.62 0.41 1.86 2.40 -0.54 0.93 43X-7, 12-20 405.36 0.45 0.13 0.09 0.02 0.27 0.03 0.53 0.45 1.61 2.12 -0.51 0.94 44X-1, 141-149 407.55 0.39 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.33 0.04 0.61 0.38 1.89 2.35 -0.45 0.83 44X-2, 37-43 408.00 0.37 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.36 0.06 0.62 0.35 2.02 2.37 -0.35 0.77 44X-3, 9-17 409.23 0.50 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.26 0.04 0.63 0.41 1.54 2.41 -0.87 0.93 44X-4, 30-38 410.94 0.37 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.66 0.36 2.01 2.52 -0.50 0.93 44X4, 70-76 411.33 0.28 0.15 0.16 0.03 0.35 0.03 0.59 0.47 2.09 2.29 -0.20 0.82 44X4, 130-136 411.93 0.42 0.23 0.08 0.01 0.24 0.02 0.32 0.56 1.44 1.68 -0.24 0.97 44X5, 42-48 412.55 0.32 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.43 0.05 0.64 0.29 2.26 2.47 -0.21 0.83 44X5, 100-106 413.13 0.47 0.09 0.08 0.02 0.31 0.03 0.59 0.36 1.67 2.30 -0.62 0.88 44X6, 4-10 413.67 0.35 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.38 0.05 0.68 0.34 2.11 2.60 -0.50 0.89 44X6, 100-106 414.63 0.31 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.41 0.04 0.63 0.34 2.22 2.42 -0.20 0.82 44X7, 4-10 414.87 0.34 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.41 0.05 0.70 0.29 2.20 2.66 -0.46 0.85 44X-CC, 3-11 415.22 0.31 0.21 0.22 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.57 0.67 1.64 2.22 -0.58 0.95 45X-1, 27-33 416.00 0.38 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.33 0.04 0.60 0.40 1.90 2.34 -0.44 0.86 45X-2, 9-15 417.32 0.32 0.15 0.15 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.57 0.49 1.92 2.22 -0.30 0.91 45X-3, 6-12 418.79 0.25 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.49 0.05 0.69 0.28 2.55 2.63 -0.09 0.82 45X-4, 44-50 420.67 0.30 0.09 0.07 0.03 0.46 0.04 0.62 0.28 2.36 2.40 -0.04 0.80 45X-4, 141-147 421.64 0.27 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.45 0.05 0.69 0.31 2.41 2.63 -0.22 0.83 45X5 89-95 422.62 0.30 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.44 0.05 0.64 0.30 2.32 2.46 -0.14 0.84 45X-6, 67-73 423.90 0.35 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.36 0.06 0.62 0.35 2.06 2.39 -0.33 0.90 45X-6_98.5-106.5 424.23 0.38 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.34 0.04 0.60 0.39 1.92 2.31 -0.39 0.92 46X-5, 67-73 432.00 0.37 0.10 0.08 0.03 0.36 0.05 0.63 0.34 2.03 2.43 -0.39 0.83 46X-6_25-33 433.09 0.34 0.12 0.10 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.59 0.39 2.03 2.31 -0.27 0.91 47X-5_86-94 441.80 0.37 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.63 0.37 1.99 2.44 -0.44 0.95 47X-5, 103-109 441.96 0.34 0.14 0.09 0.04 0.34 0.06 0.58 0.41 2.02 2.27 -0.25 0.87 48X-1_42-50 444.96 0.35 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.35 0.05 0.66 0.38 2.04 2.51 -0.47 0.93 48X-3_44-52 447.98 0.38 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.33 0.05 0.66 0.39 1.95 2.52 -0.56 0.92 48X-5_46-54 451.00 0.36 0.09 0.11 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.68 0.38 2.02 2.59 -0.57 0.94 48X-6, 94-100 452.97 0.33 0.10 0.11 0.04 0.37 0.05 0.67 0.37 2.14 2.57 -0.44 0.89 49X-5_0-8 460.14 0.34 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.39 0.06 0.65 0.33 2.15 2.49 -0.34 0.86 49X-6, 34-40 461.97 0.39 0.17 0.08 0.03 0.29 0.05 0.48 0.46 1.75 2.00 -0.25 0.90 49X-6_71-79 462.35 0.41 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.34 0.05 0.57 0.35 1.85 2.23 -0.38 0.88 50X-1_87-95 464.61 0.42 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.31 0.04 0.58 0.39 1.78 2.26 -0.48 0.93 50X-3_11-19 466.85 0.44 0.10 0.08 0.03 0.30 0.05 0.63 0.38 1.76 2.41 -0.65 0.90 50X-4_87-95 469.11 0.32 0.12 0.11 0.04 0.36 0.05 0.62 0.40 2.11 2.40 -0.29 0.95 50X-5,127-133 471.00 0.32 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.38 0.05 0.66 0.36 2.17 2.51 -0.34 0.88 50X-6, 11-20 471.36 0.34 0.11 0.11 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.64 0.39 2.05 2.46 -0.40 0.94 51X-1, 33-42 473.68 0.32 0.15 0.10 0.04 0.33 0.06 0.58 0.43 2.01 2.26 -0.24 0.95 51X-6, 14-20 480.97 0.30 0.15 0.13 0.05 0.31 0.06 0.61 0.48 2.04 2.34 -0.30 0.86 51X-6, 24-33 481.09 0.33 0.13 0.13 0.04 0.32 0.05 0.62 0.45 2.00 2.40 -0.40 0.91 52X-4, 107-116 488.52 0.32 0.11 0.10 0.04 0.38 0.05 0.64 0.36 2.16 2.45 -0.30 0.88 53X-3, 126-135 496.81 0.32 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.41 0.05 0.63 0.32 2.20 2.42 -0.22 0.87 54X-2, 81-90 504.46 0.33 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.37 0.06 0.65 0.36 2.13 2.48 -0.36 0.91 54X-CC, 14-23 511.63 0.43 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.35 0.04 0.64 0.31 1.88 2.44 -0.56 0.82 55X-5, 75-87 518.53 0.34 0.09 0.10 0.03 0.38 0.05 0.67 0.34 2.14 2.58 -0.43 0.91