Global Ocean Glacial Export Production Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Global Ocean Glacial Export Production Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Kohfeld, K.E., C. Le Quéré, S.P. Harrison, and R.F. Anderson IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-007 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Kohfeld, K.E., et al. 2012. Global Ocean Glacial Export Production Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-007. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Kohfeld, K.E., C. Le Quéré, S.P. Harrison, and R.F. Anderson. 2005. Role of Marine Biology in Glacial-Interglacial CO2 Cycles. Science, Vol. 308, No. 5718, pp. 74-78, 1 April 2005. DOI: 10.1126/science.1105375 ABSTRACT: It has been hypothesized that changes in the marine biological pump caused a major portion of the glacial reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide by 80 to 100 parts per million through increased iron fertilization of marine plankton, increased ocean nutrient content or utilization, or shifts in dominant plankton types. We analyze sedimentary records of marine productivity at the peak and the middle of the last glacial cycle and show that neither changes in nutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean nor shifts in plankton dominance explain the CO2 drawdown. Iron fertilization and associated mechanisms can be responsible for no more than half the observed drawdown. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global PERIOD OF RECORD: Last Glacial Period, ~100 - 18 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kohfeld2005/kohfeld2005.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kohfeld2005/kohfeld2005.xls DESCRIPTION: Tables and Table Notes Table S1. Change in export production at the LGM relative to Late Holocene. Table S2. Change in export production at the LGM relative to Stage 5a-d. Table S3. Change in export production at Stage 5a-d relative to Late Holocene. Table Notes Dating Control: d18O = oxygen isotope stratigraphy; 14C = radiocarbon dating of single species of foraminifera; LC = lithogenic correlation. CFP = Constant Flux Proxy. “Y” indicates that accumulation rates were corrected for sediment focusing using 230Th normalization. Data Evaluation: Data for each core were given scores for each of the three categories: (a) the quality of sediment age models, (b) the means by which sediment flux measurements are determined, and (c) the number and agreement between the indicators within a core. The four different types of age models were scored as follows: AMS radiocarbon dating = 4; marine isotope stratigraphy = 3; bulk radiocarbon or 230Th methods = 2; and lithogenic correlation = 1. Sediment flux measurements that used a ‘constant flux proxy’ such as 230Th normalization were given the highest score of 4. Sediment sites with mass accumulation rates that did not use 230Th normalization received a score of 2. Sites where only concentrations were determined received a score of 1. Finally, number of proxies measured in each core multiplied by the fraction of agreement between these proxies determined the third score. The final score (the sum of the score for the three categories) determined whether the data from that core received a confidence ranking of “high” (scores 10-14), “intermediate” (scores 7-10), or “low” (scores 6 or below). Assessed Change in Productivity and Productivity Indicators: Changes represent conditions at the LGM relative to today: -1 = decrease; -0.5 = slight decrease; 0 = no change; +0.5 = slight increase; 1 = increase; 99 = no assessment possible. All changes are based on accumulation rates unless otherwise indicated (in comments, or as a code of “1” in the “flux code” column). DATA: 1. Table 1a LGM values compared with Late Holocene values Data Evaluation Productivity Indicators Core RegioLongitudLatitudwater dating coCFP confidenage mfluxproxproxy Assessed 10Be Ba(biopaauth 231Paorg BenthibiomarkeReference CaCO3Comment North Atlantic Ocean PS2212-3 AT-AR 15.72 82.07 2550d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Wollenberg et al. (2001) PS2138-1 AT-AR 30.60 81.53 995d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Wollenberg et al. (2001) SU90/39 AT-NE -21.10 52.57 3900d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 0.0 0Villaneuva et al. (1997) alkenone conc., no coretop data SU90/08 AT-NE -30.40 43.50 310014C, d18O 6.0 4 1 1 1 0.5 0.5Villlaneuva et al. (1997; 2001) alkenone conc. MD952040 AT-NE -9.87 40.58 2465d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 0.5 0.5Pailler and Bard (2002) MD952039 AT-NE -10.35 40.58 338114C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Thomson et al. (1999; 2000) -1 MD952042 AT-NE -10.17 37.75 3146d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 0.5 1 0.5Pailler and Bard (2002) 0.5totC37 MD952037 AT-NE -32.03 37.08 2630d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 99.0 99Villanueva et al. (2001) alkenone conc., coretop sed rate unsure GeoB5559-2 AT-NE -13.19 31.65 3178d18O 6.5 3 1.5 3 0.666 1.0 1 1 -0.5 Moreno et al. (2002) diatom fluxes, %TOC, %Ba(xs) GeoB4216-1/2 AT-NE -12.40 30.63 2324d18O 6.5 3 1.5 2 1 1.0 1 1 Moreno et al. (2002); Freudenthal et al. ( -1diatom fluxes, %TOC, %Ba(xs) GeoB4242-5 AT-NE -17.89 29.68 4286d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Freudenthal et al. (2001); Nave et al. (20 -1diatom accumulation rates GeoB4241-11 AT-NE -15.45 29.17 3609d18O 6.0 3 2 2 0.5 99.0 1 -1 Henderiks et al. (2002); Nave et al. (2003 0.5diatom accumulation rates GeoB4223-2 AT-NE -12.47 29.02 775d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Freudenthal et al. (2002) 1 GeoB4240-2 AT-NE -13.23 28.89 1358d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Freudenthal et al. (2002); Nave et al. (20 0.5diatom accumulation rates 12309-2 AT-NE -15.84 26.84 2820d18O 4.5 3 1.5 0 1 99.0 Koopmann et al. (1981); Vogelsang et al. ( 1assumed DBD 12347-2 AT-NE -17.85 26.83 2576d18O 4.5 3 1.5 0 1 99.0 Koopmann et al. (1981); Vogelsang et al. ( 1 12310-4 AT-NE -18.72 26.50 2080d18O 4.5 3 1.5 0 1 99.0 Koopmann et al. (1981); Vogelsang et al. ( -1assumed DBD 12392-1 AT-NE -16.85 26.17 2575d18O 4.5 3 1.5 0 1 99.0 Koopmann et al. (1981); Vogelsang et al. ( 0.5 SU94-20bK AT-EE -16.65 25.02 1445d18O 9.0 3 2 4 1 1.0 1 0.5 1 1Martinez et al. (1996); Ternois et al. (20 1 SU94-11K AT-EE -17.95 21.48 1200d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1Ternois et al. (2000) ODP 658 AT-NE -18.58 20.75 226314C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 deMenocal et al. (2000) 0.5 Equatorial Atlantic Ocean V30-51K AT-EQ -19.92 19.87 340914C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 V30-49 AT-EQ -21.08 18.43 309314C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997);Vogelsang et al. (2001) -1 GIK16408-2 AT -21.46 9.01 4239d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Sarnthein et al. (1994) GIK16459-1 AT-EE -26.19 7.28 4835d18O/14Cstrat 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Sarnthein et al. (1994); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) EN06601-0010PG AT-EE -21.90 6.64 3527d18O/14Cstrat 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GIK13519-1 AT-EE -19.85 5.67 286214C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Sarnthein et al. (1994); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) EN6601-0047PG AT-EE -22.20 5.31N/A N/A 4.0 1 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0055PG AT-EQ -42.89 4.95 4556d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) EN66-38 AT-EE -20.50 4.92 2931d18O 7.0 3 4 0 1 Francois et al. (1990) -1 EN06601-0038PG AT-EQ -20.498 4.918 2937d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0050PG AT-EQ -43.205 4.865 3995d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB2910-1 AT-EE -21.05 4.85 2700d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kasten et al. (2001) KN11002-0058PG AT-EQ -43.038 4.792 4341D18o 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0091PG AT-EQ -43.307 4.76 3810d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1520-2 AT-EQ-41.9333 4.59 3915N/A 4.0 1 2 1 1 -1 -1 Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0066PG AT-EQ -43.382 4.563 3547d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0071PG AT-EQ -43.697 4.363 3164d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0075PG AT-EQ -43.408 4.342 3063d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) KN11002-0082PG AT-EQ -43.487 4.337 2816d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) EN06601-0036PG AT-EQ -20.212 4.305 4095d18O/14Cstrat 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1515-1 AT-WE -43.67 4.24 3129d18O y 8.0 3 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Ruhlemann et al. (1996) -0.5 RC13-184 AT-WE -43.31 3.86 3446d18O 4.5 3 1.5 0 1 Ruddiman (1992); Mix et al. (1986) -1 GeoB1523-1 AT-EQ-41.6217 3.8317 3292d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Rühlemann et al. (1996); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1523-1 AT-WE -41.62 3.83 3292d18O y 9.3 3 4 3 0.75 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.5 Ruhlemann et al. (1996); Kasten et al. (20 -1 GIK13521-1 AT-EQ-22.0317 3.02 450514C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 -1 -1 Sarnthein et al. (1994); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) EN66-29 AT-EE -19.76 2.46 5104d18O 7.0 3 4 0 1 Francois et al. (1990) -1 EN06601-0029PG AT-EQ -19.762 2.46 5105d18O/14Cstrat 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Curry and Lohmann (1990); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1505-2 AT-EQ -33.015 2.2667 3706d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2004) RC13-189 AT-WE -30.00 1.87 322314C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 GeoB1101-4/5 AT-EE -10.98 1.664588.0d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 V29-144 AT-EE 6.05 -0.20 268514C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 V30-40 AT-EE -23.15 -0.20 370614C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 V30-41K AT-EE -23.07 -0.22 387414C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 V22-182 AT-EE -17.27 -0.55 3776d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -0.5 ODP 663 AT-EE -11.88 -1.203708.0d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 deMenocal et al. (1993) -1 RC24-07 AT-EE -11.92 -1.35 389914C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 GeoB1105-4 AT-EQ-12.4283 -1.665 3225d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GIK16867-2 AT-EQ 5.1017-2.2017 389114C 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Sarnthein et al. (1994); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) RC24-12 AT-EE -11.42 -3.013486.0d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 Ruddiman (1992) -0.5 GeoB1041-3/1 AT-EE -7.60 -3.484035.0d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 GeoB1118-3 AT-EE -16.43 -3.564671.0d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0 GeoB1115-3 AT-EE -12.56 -3.56 2945d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0 GeoB3104-1 AT-EQ-37.7167-3.6667 76714C 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Arz et al. (1999); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1117-2/3 AT-EE -14.90 -3.823984.0d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 GeoB1117-2 AT-EQ-14.8967 -3.815 3987d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Bickert (1992); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB3117-1 AT-EQ-37.0917 -4.295 80014C 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Arz et al. (1999); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) 175-1075A AT-EE 10.08 -4.792996.0d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Jahn (2002) 1 RC24-16 AT-EE -10.20 -5.033543.014C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -0.5 T78-33 AT-EQ 7.97 -5.18 4120N/A 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Jansen et al. (1984); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) RC24-27 AT-EE -0.36 -5.41 371814C, d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 Ruddiman (1997) -1 GeoB1112-4 AT-EE -10.75 -5.78 3125d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Meinecke (1992); Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1112-4 AT-EQ -10.75-5.7783 3125d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Meinecke (1992); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1008-3 AT-EE 10.31 -6.58 3913d18O 9.0 3 2 4 1 1.0 0.5 1 1 1 Rutsch et al. (1995); Schneider et al. (1997); Ba at stage 2 enriched by high sed rate diagenesis eff T78-46 AT-EQ 10.76 -6.84 2100N/A 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Jansen et al. (1984); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1401-4 AT-EQ 9.0057-6.9262 3952LC? 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Gingele et al. (1998); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) V22-177 AT-EE -14.62 -7.75 3290d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Ruddiman (1997) 0.5 T78-45 AT-EQ 10.12 -7.8 4070N/A 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Jansen et al. (1984); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB2202-4 AT-EQ -34.265-8.1983 1156d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB2204-2 AT-EQ-34.0217-8.5283 2072d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0 0 Rühlemann et al. (1996); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) T78-42 AT-EQ 8.8 -8.61 4470N/A 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Jansen et al. (1984); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) V22-174 AT-EE -12.82 -10.072630.0d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 Ruddiman (1992) 0.5 GeoB1016-3 AT-EE 11.68 -11.77 3411d18O 8.0 3 2 4 0.75 1.0 1 0 1 1Mueller et al. (1994); Schneider et al. (1997); Hinrichs et al. (1999) GeoB1408-2 AT-EE -6.18 -12.82 1847d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Meinecke (1992); Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0 GeoB1408-2 AT-EQ -6.1817-12.818 1847d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Jansen et al. (1984); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1415-2 AT-EE -11.58 -15.50 321514C, d18O 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -0.5 Pfuhl et al. (in prep) 0 GeoB1906-4 AT-EE -13.75 -18.20 284614C, d18O 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Pfuhl et al. (in prep) 0 GeoB1704-4 AT-EQ 11.6117-19.406 398d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1705-1 AT-EQ 11.3983-19.505 642LC? 4.0 1 2 1 1 -1 -1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1706-2 AT-EQ 11.175-19.561 980d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1707-1 AT-EQ 10.6567 -19.69 1232LC? 4.0 1 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) South Atlantic 0 GeoB1028-5 AT-EQ 9.1858-20.104 2209d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1 1 1Schneider et al. (1996); Mollenhauer et al -1 GeoB2125-1 AT-EQ-39.8633-20.823 1503d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Mollenhauer et al. (2004) 175-1082A AT-SE 11.82 -21.09 1279d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Jahn (2002) -1 GeoB1035-4 AT-EQ 5.0283-21.586 4453d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Bickert (1992); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1035-3 AT-SE 5.03 -21.59 4453d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 GeoB1034-3 AT-EQ 5.4217-21.735 3773strat? 4.0 1 2 1 1 0 0 Bickert (1992); Mollenhauer et al. (2004) GeoB1034-3/1 AT-SE 5.42 -21.74 3772d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1031-4 AT-EQ 7.1017 -21.88 3105d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0 0 Mollenhauer et al. (2004) IOW226920-3 AT-EQ 12.36 -22.45 168314C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) -1 GeoB1032-3/2 AT-SE 6.04 -22.922505.0d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1712-4 AT-SE 12.81 -23.26 998d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 1.0 1 Kirst et al. (1999) GeoB1711-4 AT-SE 12.38 -23.32 196714C, d18O 6.0 4 1 1 1 1.0 1 Kirst et al. (1999) GeoB1710 AT-SW -11.70 -23.43 2987d18O 7.5 3 1.5 3 1 1.0 1 1 1Schmiedl and Mackensen (1997); Hinrichs et al. biomarker conc. GeoB1211-3/1 AT-SE 7.53 -24.48 4084d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 GeoB1214-1 AT-SE 7.24 -24.69 3210d18O 6.0 3 2 2 0.5 99.0 -1 0 Schneider et al., (1997); Schmiedl and Mac -0.5 GeoB3718-10 AT-EQ 13.1617-24.895 1350LC? 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB3720-3 AT-EQ 12.6667-25.068 2517LC? 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB3722-2 AT-EQ 12.0217 -25.25 350614C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB3606-1 AT-EQ 13.0833-25.466 178514C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) 175-1084A AT-EQ 13.0278-25.513 1992d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) RC13-229 AT-SE 11.00 -26.00 4194d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Rosenthal et al. (1995) GeoB2109-1 AT-EQ-45.8817-27.911 2504d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1719-7 AT-EQ 14.1783-28.926 1010d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1720-2 AT-EQ 13.835-28.995 1997d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1721-7 AT-EQ 13.0817-29.168 3044d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB1722-1 AT-EQ 11.75 -29.45 3973d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1 -1 Mollenhauer et al. (2002; 2004) GeoB3603-2 AT-EQ 17.5433-35.125 2840LC? 4.0 1 2 1 1 1 1 Mollenhauer et al. (2004) RC12-267 AT-ST 25.45 -38.68 4144d18O y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Chase et al. (2001) RC11-83 AT-SA 9.72 -41.60 471814C, d18Oy 9.0 4 4 1 1 1.0 1 Chase et al. (2001) V34-157 AT-SA 26.41 -41.95 3636d18O y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Chase et al. (2001) V22-109 AT-SA 0.25 -41.97 73314C bulk y 7.0 2 4 1 1 0.5 0.5 Chase et al. (2001) TN057-20 AT 0.60 -42.10 131214C, d18Oy 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Chase et al. (2001) authors argue: likely affected by post-depositional ox RC15-94 AT-SA -20.85 -42.98 3762d18O y 9.0 3 4 4 0.5 1.0 1 -1 0 1 Kumar et al. (1995) authors argue Ba unreliable V22-108 AT-SA -3.25 -43.18 4171d18O y 10.8 3 4 5 0.75 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) authors argue Ba unreliable PS2082-1/3 AT-SA 11.74 -43.22 4661d18O y 10.0 3 4 4 0.75 1.0 1 0 1 1 Frank et al. (2000); Nuernberg et al. (1997) authors argue Ba unreliable PS2498-1 AT-SA -14.23 -44.17 4610n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Koschmeider (1996); Frank et al. (2000) RC15-93 AT-SA -13.22 -46.10 271414C, d18Oy 11.0 4 4 4 0.75 1.0 -1 1 1 1 Kumar et al. (1995) authors argue Ba unreliable PS2499-5 AT-SA -15.33 -46.52 3175n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 0.5 0.5 Koschmeider (1996); Frank et al. (2000) authors argue Ba unreliable PS1754-1/2 AT-SA 7.61 -46.77 2476d18O y 11.0 3 4 4 1 1.0 1 1 1 1 Frank et al. (2000) RC13-254 AT-PF -5.57 -48.57 3636d18O, 14Cy 14.0 4 4 6 1 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) authors argue Ba unreliable PS1756-5/6 AT-PF 6.71 -48.73 3803d18O,230Ty 10.0 3 4 4 0.75 0.5 1 -10.5 0.5 Frank et al. (2000); Nuernberg et al. (1997) authors argue Ba unreliable RC11-78 AT-PF -9.86 -50.86 3115LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 1.0 1 Chase et al. (2001) RC13-271 AT-PF 4.52 -51.98 3634d18O y 9.0 3 4 4 0.5 0.5 1 0 1 0 Kumar et al. (1995) RC11-77 AT-PF -16.45 -53.05 4098LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 1.0 1 Chase et al. (2001) PS1768-8/6 AT-AZ 4.47 -53.61 329814C, d18Oy 10.0 4 4 4 0.5 99.0 1 -1 -1 1 Frank et al. (2000); Nuernberg et al. (1997) Ba and opal peak values occur on deglacial, linked to RC13-259 AT-AZ -4.93 -53.88 2677d18O y 12.0 3 4 60.8333 -1.0 0 -1-0. -1 -1 -1 Kumar et al. (1995) RC11-76 AT-AZ -22.13 -54.38 5229n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 -1.0 -1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) AII 107-22 AT-AZ -3.33 -54.80n/a n/a y 9.0 3 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Francois et al. (1997) PS1772-8/6 AT-AZ 1.16 -55.46 4136d18O, LC y 11.0 3 4 4 1 -1.0 -0.5 -1 -1 -1 Frank et al. (2000); Nuernberg et al. (1997) PS1575-1 AT-An -43.33 -62.83 3461LC 4.0 1 1 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1821-6 AT-An 37.47 -67.05 4027LC 3.0 1 1 2 0.5 -0.5 0 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1506-1 AT-An -5.83 -68.72 2426LC 4.0 1 1 2 1 -1.0 -1-0.5 Bonn et al. (1998) PS2038-2 AT-An 6.29 -69.35 1630LC 4.0 1 1 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1648-1 AT-An -6.52 -69.73 2529LC 4.0 1 1 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1375-3 AT-An -17.10 -72.15 1750LC 4.0 1 1 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) North Pacific Ocean ODP 887B PA-NE -148.45 54.37 364714C, d18O 6.0 4 1 2 0.5 -0.5 -1 0 McDonald et al. (1999) also Si/Al, in agreement with opal RAMA 44PC PA-NW 164.65 53.00n/a 14C 6.0 4 1 1 1 -1.0 -1 Keigwin et al. (1992); Kienast et al. (2004) %opal XP98-PC-2 PA-NW 148.33 51.40 125814C 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1Seki et al. (2004) XP98-PC-1 PA-NW 152.00 51.00 110714C 9.0 4 2 3 1 -1.0 -1 -1 -1Seki et al. (2004) Narita et al. (2002); Kienas% Ba ODP 882 PA-NW 167.60 50.37n/a d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1 Kienast et al. (2004) %opal KH99-03 Sta ES PA-NW 168.32 49.75 2388LC 4.0 1 1 2 1 -1.0 -1 -0.5Narita et al. (2002); Katsuki et al. (2003); Ki%opal XP98-PC-4 PA-NW 146.12 49.50 664LC 5.0 1 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1Seki et al. (2004) GGC-15 PA-So 151.34 48.17 198014C, d18O 8.0 4 2 2 1 -0.5 1 -0.5Keigwin (1998) (agemodel); Ternois et al. 1impacted by terrestrial input; Corg not reliable W8709A-13PC PA-NE -125.75 42.12 271214C 8.0 4 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Dean et al., (1997) Ba mostly derived from detrital, clastic material ODP 1020 PA-NE -126.43 41.00 3038d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1Herbert et al. (2001) L13-81-G138 PA-NE -123.97 38.41 253114C 6.0 4 2 2 0 0.5 0 1 Dean et al., (1997) Ba mostly derived from detrital, clastic material V21-146 PA-NW 163.03 37.68 3968d18O 3 2 0 0 Hovan et al. (1991) -1 NGC108 PA-NW 158.35 36.61n/a d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Maeda et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (2004) F2-92-P34 PA-NE -121.23 35.03 61014C 7.0 4 2 2 0.5 99.0 1 -1 Dean et al., (1997) H3571 PA-NW 125.84 34.90 3571d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kawahata et al. (2000); Ujiié (2003) 1 NP36 PA-NW 179.26 34.20 2664d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 99.0 99 Ujiié (2003) ODP 893 PA-NE -120.04 34.29 57514C, d18O 7.0 4 1 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1Herbert et al. (2001) V1-81-G15 PA-NE -120.43 33.35 143014C 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Dean et al., (1997) F2-92-P29 PA-NE -119.74 32.92 147514C 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Dean et al., (1997) S2612 PA-NW 157.85 32.33 2612d18O 8.0 3 2 3 1 1.0 1 1 1Kawahata et al. (1999); Amo and Minagawa ( -1 ODP 1012 PA-NE -118.38 32.28 1772d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1Herbert et al. (2001) LPAZ 21P PA-NE -109.47 22.99 624d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1Herbert et al. (2001) NH8P PA-NE -107.08 22.39 101814C, d18O 7.0 4 2 2 0.5 -0.5 0 -1 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) NH15P PA-NE -106.48 22.07 42014C, d18O 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) NH22P PA-NE -106.52 21.52 202514C, d18O 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) East Equatorial Pacific Ocean TT013-104 PA-EE -139.64 5.08 441614C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) GS7202-9 PA-EQ -89.32 4.83 3188d18O 4.0 3 0 1 1 -1.0 -1 Loubere (1999) benthic foraminiferal assemblages, not fluxes DSDP 503B PA-EQ -95.60 4.00 3672d18O 6.0 3 3 0 99.0 Murray et al. (1995) severely affected by sediment focussing TT013-076 PA-EE -140.15 2.07 441414C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) TT013-098 PA-EE -140.14 2.06 441314C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) TT013-077 PA-EE -140.14 2.06 441214C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) RC11-210 PA-EQ -140.00 1.82 4420d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 99.0 ? ? Rea et al. (1991); Loubere (1999); Murray ? severely affected by sediment focussing GC51 / WEC8803B-GPA-EQ -133.60 1.30 4410d18O 5.0 3 2 0 99.0 Murray et al. (1993); Loubere (1999) severely affected by sediment focussing MANOPC / W8402A-GPA-EE -138.96 0.95 4287d18O 6.0 3 1 2 1 1.0 1 1Prahl et al. (1989); Lyle et al. (1988) severely affected by sediment focussing P6 PA-EQ -86.13 0.87 271214C 6.0 4 1 1 1 1.0 1 Pedersen (1983) severely affected by sediment focussing ODP 849B PA-EQ -110.52 0.18 3851d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 Loubere et al. (2004) 0.5Modeled result suggests that export flux was lower at TT013-048 PA-EE -139.74 0.12 431514C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) TT013-069 PA-EE -139.72 0.11 430714C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) TT013-065 PA-EE -139.74 0.11 430714C y 9.0 4 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Stephens and Kadko (1997) RC13-110 PA-EQ -95.65 0.10 3231d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 99.0 Ikehara et al. (2000); Loubere (1999) 0severely affected by sediment focussing Y69-71 PA-EQ -86.48 0.10 2740n/a 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1 Loubere (1999); Loubere et al (2004) 1severely affected by sediment focussing PC72 / TT013-PC72PA-EE -140.00 0.00 4298d18O y 9.0 3 4 2 1 0.0 0 0 Marcantonio et al. (2001); Paytan et al. (1996); Murray et al. (1995) P2 PA-EQ -92.98 -1.41 351014C 6.0 4 1 1 1 1.0 1 Pedersen (1983);Pedersen et al. (1988); Pederseseverely affected by sediment focussing V19-28 PA-EQ -84.48 -2.47 2670d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 99.0 -1 Lyle et al. (1988); Loubere (1999) 1severely affected by sediment focussing ODP 846B PA-EQ -90.82 -3.10 3307d18O y 5.0 3 1 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Loubere (1999); Loubere et al (2004) 1severely affected by sediment focussing V19-29 PA-EQ -83.93 -3.58 3157n/a 4.0 3 1 0 1 99.0 Boyle (1983); Loubere (1999) 1severely affected by sediment focussing Y71-9-101 PA-EQ -106.94 -6.38 3175d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 Ikehara et al. (2000); Loubere (1999) severely affected by sediment focussing ODP 681A PA-EQ -77.96 -10.98 151d18O 4.0 3 1 0 99.0 Shrader and Sorkness (1990) severely affected by sediment focussing ODP 680 PA-EQ -78.08 -11.07 253d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1 Wefer et al. (1990) impacted by terrestrial input, Corg not reliable ODP 686A PA-EQ -76.89 -13.48 447d18O 4.0 3 1 0 99.0 Shrader and Sorkness (1990) severely affected by sediment focussing West Equatorial Pacific Ocean SCS90-36 PA-SC 111.49 18.00 205014C, d18O 8.0 4 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1Huang et al. (1997) -1 NGC34 / C2188 PA-WE 141.49 3.80 2188d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Kawahata and Eguchi (1996) -1 KH92-1-5cBX PA-WE 141.86 3.53 228214C 6.0 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1Ohkouchi et al. (1997) 0.5 C4402 PA-WE 135.02 3.00 4402d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kawahata et al. (1998); Kawahata et al. (2 1 O3187 PA-WE 160.57 1.22 3187d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Kawahata (1999) 0 ODP806 PA-WE 159.00 0.32 2550d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 Higgins et al. (2002) RC17-177 PA-WE 159.00 1.75 2550d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 Higgins et al. (2002) RNDB 74P PA-WE 159.37 0.34 2547d18O y 8.0 3 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Schwarz et al. (1996) -0.5 South Pacific NGC100 PA-SW 162.00 -25.27 1299d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Kawahata (2002) NGC99 PA-SW 162.00 -30.00 1158d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Kawahata (2002) 17748-2 PA-SE -72.03 -32.75 254514C 9.0 4 2 3 1 1.0 1 1 1 Klump et al. (2001); Hebbeln et al. (2002) 1 GeoB3302-1 PA-SE -72.09 -33.22 149814C 9.0 4 2 3 1 1.0 1 1 1 Klump et al. (2001); Hebbeln et al. (2002) 1 NGC98 PA-SW 162.51 -35.00 1338d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Kawahata (2002) NGC97 / LH3166 PA-SW 161.00 -35.50 3116d18O 6.0 3 2 2 0.5 0.5 1 0 Kawahata (2002); Kawahata et al. (1999a, b 0 Fr94-GC3 PA-SW 149.98 -44.25 2667d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 1.0 1Calvo et al. (2004) DSDP 594 PA-SE 171.95 -45.52 1204d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 1.0 1 Kowalski and Meyers (1997) TSP-2MC PA-SW 146.90 -48.13 228314C, d18O 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1Ikehara et al. (2000) full holocene record not recovered TSP-2PC PA-SW 146.88 -48.14 232114C, d18O 7.0 4 2 2 0.5 0.5 0 1Ikehara et al. (2000) -1full holocene record not recovered TSP-3PC PA-SW 146.41 -48.56 2897d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1Ikehara et al. (2000) full holocene record not recovered V16-121 PA-SW 164.38 -50.66 3514LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 0.5 0.5 R. F. Anderson (unpublished data) -0.5 E33-22 PA-S -120.00 -54.93 274414C, d18Oy 9.0 4 4 1 1 0.0 0 Chase et al. (2003) -1 V16-116 PA-SW 147.48 -55.09 3296LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 0.0 0 R. F. Anderson (unpublished data) -1 V16-115 PA-SW 141.28 -55.68 3147LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 -1.0 -1 R. F. Anderson (unpublished data) -1 E11-2 PA-S -115.09 -56.07 311114C, d18Oy 9.0 4 4 1 1 0.0 0 Chase et al. (2003) -1 RC8-71 PA-SW 155.73 -58.05 3224LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 R. F. Anderson (unpublished data) 1 E27-23 PA-SW 155.24 -59.62 3208LC y 7.0 1 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 R. F. Anderson (unpublished data) 0 E20-10 PA-S -127.05 -60.22 447414C, d18Oy 9.0 4 4 1 1 0.0 0 Chase et al. (2003) -1 E36-36 PA-SW 157.53 -60.39 2816LC y 6.0 1 4 1 1 -1.0 -1 R. F. Anderson (unpublished data) -1 NB9802_6PC1/6MC1 PA-S -169.98 -61.88 324514C, d18Oy 10.0 4 4 3 0.66 0.0 -1 0 0 Chase et al. (2003) -1 NB9802_4GC1/4MC1 PA-S -170.08 -64.2 268814C, d18Oy 9.0 4 4 2 0.5 -0.5 -1 0 Chase et al. (2003) 0 NB9802_5GC1/5MC1 PA-S -169.74 -66.11 294014C, d18Oy 10.0 4 4 3 0.66 -1.0 0 -1 -1 Chase et al. (2003) -1 NB9802_3GC1/3MC1 PA-S -169.50 -66.13 323214C, d18Oy 10.0 4 4 2 1 0.0 0 0 Chase et al. (2003) 0 ANTA91-8 PA 172.83 -70.78 2383230Thex 6.0 2 2 3 0.66 -0.5 -0.5-0.5 0 Ceccaroni et al. (1998) Equatorial Indian Ocean 93KL IN 64.22 23.58 1802d18O, LC y 9.0 3 4 2 1 1.0 1 1 Pourmand et al. (2004) 232SK IN 64.60 21.78 3098d18O 5.0 3 2 0 Sirocko (1989) -1 57KL IN 63.12 20.91 3422d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Sirocko (1989) -1 RC27-23 IN-Om 57.59 17.99 820d18O (GISP2) 5.0 3 1 1 1 -1.0 -1Altabet et al. (2002) chlorin concentrations 77200IN 67.89 16.54 2910d18O 5.0 3 2 0 Sirocko (1989) -1 74KL IN 52.38 14.32 3212d18O 8.0 3 4 1 1 -1.0 -1 Marcantonio et al. (2001) 14KL IN 44.75 14.26 3920d18O 5.0 3 2 0 Sirocko (1989) -1 15KL IN-EQ 44.75 14.26 3920d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 99.0 Sirocko (1989) -1 3104G IN 72.00 13.00 107014C 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Agnihotri et al. (2003) 1 MD85682 IN-EQ 52.38 10.89 3092d18O 4.0 3 1 0 Venec-Payre and Caulet (2000) 87KL IN 57.74 10.50 3773d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 -1.0 -1 Sirocko (1989) -0.5 MD77194 IN-Ar 75.23 10.47 1222d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 1.0 1Cayre and Bard (1999) TOTC37 conc. SK-185-20 IN 71.50 10.00 205014C 6.0 4 1 1 1 1.0 1 Agnihotri et al. (2003) -1 182SK IN 73.70 8.77 2234d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 Sirocko (1989) -1 76123IN 78.66 6.39 2631d18O 5.0 3 2 0 1 Sirocko (1989) 1 3101G IN 74.00 6.00 207014C 7.0 4 2 1 1 1.0 1 Agnihotri et al. (2003) 1 MD900963 IN-EQ 73.88 5.06 2446d18O 6.0 3.00 2 1 1 1.0 1 Beaufort (2000); Budziak et al. (2000) coccolith assemblage GC4 IN-Ti 52.38 -12.28 2069d18O 6.0 3 1 2 1 1.0 1 1 Mueller and Opdyke (2000) 1 GC5 IN-Ti 52.38 -12.37 1462d18O 6.0 3 1 2 1 1.0 1 1 Mueller and Opdyke (2000) 1 ODP 723 IN-Ar 57.61 18.05 816d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 0.5Budziak et al. (2000) GeoB3005 IN-Ar 54.37 14.97 2310d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1Budziak et al. (2000) 94KL IN 65.65 22.49 2109d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.0 1 1Schubert et al. (1998) South Indian Ocean E49-21 IN 94.90 -42.20 3328n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 RC11-120 IN 79.90 -43.50 3193d18O y 9.0 3 4 2 1 1.0 1 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD94-102 IN 79.80 -43.50 3205n/a y 10.0 3 4 3 1 1.0 1 1 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD84-527 IN 51.32 -43.83 326914C y 10.0 4 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 François et al. (1993) -1 E49-19 IN 90.10 -43.90 3069n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Bareille et al. (1998) E45-29 IN 106.50 -44.90 3863n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Bareille et al. (1998) MD88-768 IN 82.90 -45.80 3330n/a y 7.5 3 4 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD88-770 IN 96.50 -46.00 3290d18O y 9.0 3 4 2 1 1.0 1 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD88-769 IN 90.10 -46.10 3420d18O y 10.0 3 4 3 1 1.0 1 1 1 Bareille et al. (1998); Rosenthal et al. ( -1 MD88-767 IN 79.50 -46.70 2920n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 -0.5 -0.5 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 E49-23 IN 95.10 -47.10 3206n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD88-779 IN 146.55 -47.84 2260d18O 4.5 3 1 1 0.5 1.0 1 Nees et al. (1999) -0.5diatom abundances disagree - authors attribute diatom MD88-771 IN 100.10 -49.90 3310n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD88-772 IN 104.90 -50.00 3240n/a y 10.0 3 4 3 1 1.0 1 1 1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 KGL 01 IN 68.50 -50.70 1648n/a y 9.0 3 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD80-304 IN 67.43 -51.07 1930d18O 6.0 3 2 2 0.5 -1.0 0.5 -1 Rosenthal et al. (1995) authigenic Cd, no change MD88-773 IN 109.90 -52.90 2460n/a y 10.0 3 4 4 0.75 -1.0 -1 -1 1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998); Francois et al. 19 -1 MD84-552 IN 73.83 -54.92 1780d18O y 10.0 3 4 4 0.75 -1.0 -1 -1 1 -1 Francois et al. (1997); Dezileau et al. (2003) MD84-551 IN 73.27 -55.00 2230d18O y 10.0 3 4 3 1 -1.0 -1 -1 -1 Pichon et al. (1992); Bareille et al. (199 -1 MD84-787 IN 145.30 -56.40 3020n/a y 10.0 3 4 3 1 -1.0 -1 -1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 MD88-788 IN 144.60 -58.00 3740n/a y 9.0 3 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) MD84-540 IN 86.40 -60.70 3964n/a y 9.0 3 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) -1 KR8830 IN 93.20 -61.00 4300n/a y 10.0 3 4 3 1 -1.0 -1 -1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) KR8814 IN 144.40 -61.30 4200n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 -1.0 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) KR8815 IN 141.90 -63.30 3880n/a y 9.0 3 4 2 1 -1.0 -1 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) KR8824 IN 116.40 -63.80 2600n/a y 8.0 3 4 1 1 -1.0 -1 Bareille et al. (1998) MD88-791 IN 119.50 -64.70 3150n/a y 9.0 3 4 3 0.66 1.0 -1 1 1 Bareille et al. (1998) MD94-104 IN 88.10 -46.50 346014C, d18Oy 8.0 3 4 1 1 1.0 1 Dezileau et al. (2003) 2. Table 1b LGM values compared with Late Stage 5 values Productivity Indicators Core RegionLongitudLatituwater dating CFP confidenage mfluxproxproxprod10Be Ba(bioopal auth U231Pa org CBenthibiomarkeReference CaCO3 Comment North Atlantic Ocean SU90/39 AT-NE -21.10 52.57 3900d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 199.0 1Villaneuva et al. (1997) alkenone conc., no coretop data SU90/08 AT-NE -30.40 43.50 310014C, d18O 5.5 3.5 1 1 1 0.5 0.5Villanueva et al. (1997); (2001) alkenone conc. MD952040 AT-NE -9.87 40.58 2465d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 0.5 0.5Pailler and Bard (2002) MD952039 AT-NE -10.35 40.58 338114C, d18O 6.5 3.5 2 1 1 1.0 1 Thomson et al. (1999; 2000) -1 MD952042 AT-NE -10.17 37.75 3146d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.0 1 0.5Pailler and Bard (2002) 1 MD952037 AT-NE -32.03 37.08 2630d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 1.0 1Villanueva et al. (1997, 2001) GeoB4205 AT-NE -11.65 32.183296.0d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 99.0 Bozzano et al. (2002) -1 GeoB5559-AT-NE -13.19 31.65 3178d18O 7.0 3.0 1 3 1 1.0 1 1 1Moreno et al. (2002) GeoB4216-AT-NE -12.40 30.63 2324d18O 6.0 3.0 1 2 1 1.0 1 1Moreno et al. (2002); Freudenthal -1 GeoB4242-AT-NE -17.89 29.68 4286d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1-1.0 -1 Freudenthal et al. (2001) -1 GeoB4241-AT-NE -15.45 29.17 3609d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.0 0 Henderiks et al. (2002) -1 GeoB4240-AT-NE -13.23 28.89 1358d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Freudenthal et al. (2000) 1 SU94-20bKAT-EEQ -16.65 25.02 1445d18O 9.0 3.0 2 4 1 1.0 1 0.5 1 1Martinez et al. (1996); Ternois et 1 Equatorial Atlantic Ocean GeoB1515-AT-WEQ -43.67 4.24 3129d18O y 7.0 3.0 4 0 0 Ruhlemann et al. (1996) based on similarity with GeoB1523-1 GeoB1523-AT-WEQ -41.62 3.83 3292d18O y 10.0 3.0 4 3 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Ruhlemann et al. (1996);Kasten et -0.5 GeoB1101-AT-EEQ -10.98 1.664588.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1-0.5 -0.5 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 ODP 663 AT-EEQ -11.88 -1.203708.0d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 DeMenocal et al. (1993) -1 GeoB1105-AT-EEQ -12.43 -1.673225.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Meinecke (1992); Bickert and Wefer -0.5 RC24-12 AT-EEQ -11.42 -3.013486.0d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 1-0.5 Ruddiman (1992) -0.5 GeoB1041-AT-EEQ -7.60 -3.484035.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1118-AT-EEQ -16.43 -3.564671.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0.5 GeoB1115-AT-EEQ -12.56 -3.56 2945d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0 GeoB1117-AT-EEQ -14.90 -3.823984.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 175-1075AAT-EEQ 10.08 -4.792996.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Jahn (2002) 0.5 RC24-16 AT-EEQ -10.20 -5.033543.014C, d18O 5.5 3.5 2 0 1 Ruddiman (1997) 0 GeoB1112-AT-EEQ -10.75 -5.78 3125d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Meinecke (1992); Bickert and Wefer 0 GeoB1008-AT-EEQ 10.31 -6.58 3913d18O 8.0 3.0 2 40.75 1.0 -1 1 1 1 Rutsch et al. (1995); Schneider et al. (Ba and Be10 not reliable because of preservation problems in Stag V22-174 AT-EEQ -12.82-10.072630.0d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 1 Ruddiman (1992) 0 GeoB1016-AT-EEQ 11.68-11.77 3411d18O 8.0 3.0 2 3 1 1.0 1 0.5 99Mueller et al. (1994); Schneider et al. (1997); Hinrichs et al. (1999) GeoB1408-AT-EEQ -6.18-12.82 1847d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Meinecke (1992); Bickert and Wefer 0 South Atlantic Ruddiman (1992) 175-1082AAT-SE 11.82-21.09 1279d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Jahn (2002) 0.5 GeoB1035-AT-SE 5.03-21.59 4453d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1034-AT-SE 5.42-21.74 3772d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1032-AT-SE 6.04-22.922505.0d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1712-AT-SE 12.81-23.26 998d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 0.0 0 Kirst et al. (1999) %TOC GeoB1711-AT-SE 12.38-23.32 196714C, d18O 5.5 3.5 1 1 1 1.0 1 Kirst et al. (1999) %TOC GeoB1710 AT-SE -11.70-23.43 2987d18O 6.0 3.0 1 2 1 1.0 1 1 Schmiedl and Mackensen (1997); Hinrichs %TOC GeoB1211-AT-SE 7.53-24.48 4084d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1214-AT-SE 7.24-24.69 3210d18O 6.0 3.0 1 2 1 1.0 1 1 Schneider et al., (1997); Schmiedl 0 RC13-229 AT-SE 11.00-26.00 4194d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Rosenthal et al. (1995) RC15-94 AT-SAZ -20.85-42.98 3762d18O y 9.0 3.0 4 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kumar et al. (1995) V22-108 AT-SAZ -3.25-43.18 4171d18O y 11.0 3.0 4 5 0.8 1.0 1 1 1 -1 1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) PS2082-1/AT-SAZ 11.74-43.22 4661d18O y 11.0 3.0 4 4 1 1.0 1 0.5 1 0.5 Frank et al. (2000) RC15-93 AT-SAZ -13.22-46.10 271414C, d1y 8.5 3.5 4 2 0.5 0.5 0.5 99 Kumar et al. (1995) PS1754-1/AT-SAZ 7.61-46.77 2476d18O y 9.0 3.0 4 4 0.5-0.5 0.5 -0.5 99 -0.5 Frank et al. (2000) RC13-254 AT-PFZ -5.57-48.57 363614C, d1y 12.5 3.5 4 5 1 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) PS1768-8/AT-AZ 4.47-53.61 329814C, d1y 10.5 3.5 4 5 0.6 0.5 0.5 -1 -1 1 1 Frank et al. (2000) RC13-259 AT-AZ -4.93-53.88 2677d18O y 10.0 3.0 4 40.75-1.0 -1 -1 -1 0 Kumar et al. (1995) RC11-76 AT-AZ -22.13-54.38 5229d18O y 8.0 3.0 4 1 1-1.0 -1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) PS1772-8/AT-AZ 1.16-55.46 4136d18O, Ly 10.0 3.0 4 40.75-0.5 -0.5 -1 0 -0.5 Frank et al. (2000) PS1575-1 AT-Ant -43.33-62.83 3461LC 5.0 1.0 1 3 1 0.0 0 0 0 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1821-6 AT-Ant 37.47-67.05 4027LC 5.0 1.0 1 3 1 0.0 0 0 0 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1506-1 AT-Ant -5.83-68.72 2426LC 3.0 1.0 1 1 1 1.0 1 Bonn et al. (1998) %opal PS2038-2 AT-Ant 6.29-69.35 1630LC 3.0 1.0 1 1 1 0.0 0 Bonn et al. (1998) %opal PS1648-1 AT-Ant -6.52-69.73 2529LC 5.0 1.0 1 3 1 0.0 0 0 0 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1375-3 AT-Ant -17.10-72.15 1750LC 3.0 1.0 1 1 1 0.0 0 Bonn et al. (1998) %opal North Pacific Ocean ODP 887B PA-NEP -148.45 54.37 364714C, d18O 6.5 3.5 1 2 1-1.0 -1 -1 McDonald et al. (1999) XP98-PC-1PA-NWP 152.00 51.00 110714C, d18O 6.5 3.5 1 2 1-1.0 -1 -1 Narita et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (20%opal, Ba ppm ODP 882 PA-NWP 167.60 50.37n/a d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1-1.0 -1 Kienast et al. (2004) % opal KH99-03 SPA-NWP 168.32 49.75 2388LC 4.0 1.0 1 2 1-1.0 -1 -1Narita et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (20%opal V21-146 PA-NWP 163.03 37.68 3968d18O 3 2 0 099.0 Hovan et al. (1991) 1 NGC108 PA-NWP 158.35 36.61n/a d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Maeda et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (2004) H3571 PA-NWP 125.84 34.90 3571d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kawahata et al. (2000); Ujiié (200 1 ODP 893 PA-NEP -120.04 34.29 57514C, d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1-1.0 -1Herbert et al. (1995) alkenone conc. S2612 PA-NWP 157.85 32.33 2612d18O 8.0 3.0 2 3 1 1.0 1 1 1Kawahata et al. (1999b); Amo and M 1 NH15P PA-NEP -106.48 22.07 42014C, d18O 7.5 3.5 2 2 1-1.0 -1 -1 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) NH22P PA-NEP -106.52 21.52 202514C, d18O 7.5 3.5 2 2 1-0.5 -0.5 99 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) NP36 PA-NWP 179.26 34.20 2664d18O 3 2 1 199.0 99 Ujiié (2003) East Equatorial Pacific Ocean 503B PA-EQ -95.60 4.00 3672d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Rea et al. (1991) 1site affected by sediment focussing RC11-210 PA-EQ -140.00 1.82 4420d18O 6.0 3.0 2 2 0.599.0 -1 1 Rea et al. (1991); Loubere (1999); 1site affected by sediment focussing MANOPC / PA-EEQ -138.96 0.95 4287d18O 4.0 3.0 1 1 1.0 1 Prahl et al. (1989); Lyle et al. (1988);site affected by sediment focussing PC72 / TTPA-EEQ -140.00 0.00 4298d18O y 8.0 3.0 4 1 1 0.0 0 Marcantonio et al. (2001); Paytan et al. (1996) West Equatorial Pacific Ocean NGC34 / CPA-WEQ 141.49 3.80 2188d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1-0.5 -0.5 99 Kawahata and Eguchi (1996) -0.5 O3187 PA-WEQ 160.57 1.22 3187d18O 6.0 3.0 2 2 0.599.0 -1 0.5 Kawahata (1999) 0 C4402 PA-WEQ 135.02 3.00 4402d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kawahata et al. (1998) 1 RNDB 74P PA-WEQ 159.37 0.34 2547d18O y 8.0 3 4 1 1-0.5 -0.5 Schwarz et al. (1996) -0.5 ODP806 PA-WEQ 159.00 0.32 2550d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 99.0 Higgins et al. (2002) RC17-177 PA-WEQ 159.00 1.75 2550d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 99.0 Higgins et al. (2002) South Pacific NGC98 PA-SW 162.51-35.00 1338d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.5 0.5 Kawahata (2002) ANTA91-8 PA 172.83-70.78 2383230Thex 7.0 2.0 2 3 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 Ceccaroni et al. (1998) NGC100 PA-SW 162.00-25.27 1299d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1 Kawahata (2002) NGC99 PA-SW 162.00-30.00 1158d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1-0.5 -0.5 Kawahata (2002) NGC97 / LPA-SW 161.00-35.50 3116d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.0 1 1 Kawahata (2002); Kawahata et al. ( 0.5 Fr94-GC3 PA-SW 149.98-44.25 2667d18O 4.0 3 1 1 1.0 1Calvo et al. (2004) Equatorial Indian Ocean MD900963 IN-EQ 73.88 5.06 2446d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 199.0 0.5 -1Beaufort (2000) 93KL IN 64.22 23.58 1802d18O, Ly 8.0 3 4 1 1-0.5 -0.5 Pourmand et al. (2004) GeoB3005 IN-Ara 54.37 14.97 2310d18O 6.0 3 2 2 0.599.0 1 -0.5Budziak et al. (2000) ODP 723 IN-Ara 57.61 18.05 816d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 1.0 1 99Budziak et al. (2000) 94KL IN 65.65 22.49 2109d18O 5.0 3 2 1 99.0 99 99Schubert et al. (1998) South Indian Ocean MD80-304 IN 67.43-51.07 1930d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 0.0 0 0 Rosenthal et al. (1995) authigenic Cd consistent with authigenic U MD88-769 IN 90.10-46.10 3420d18O y 9.0 3.0 4 2 1 1.0 1 0.5 Bareille et al. (1998); Rosenthal et al.authigenic Cd consistent with authigenic U MD88-779 IN 146.55-47.84 2260d18O 4.5 3 1 1 0.5 1.0 1 Nees et al. (1999) -0.5diatom abundances disagree - authors attribute diatom loss to dis 3. Table 1c Late Stage 5 values compared with Late Holocene values Data Evaluation Productivity Indicators Core RegionLongitLatitudwater dedating cCFP confidenceage moflux proxy proxy proxyprod10BeBa(biopaauth 231Porg CBenthibiomarkeReference CaCO3Comment North Atlantic Ocean SU90/39 AT-NE -21.10 52.57 3900.00d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 0.099.0 0Villaneuva et al. (1997) only alkenone concentrations, no coretop dat SU90/08 AT-NE -30.40 43.50 3100.0014C, d18O 6.0 4.0 1 1 1 -0.5-0.5 -0.5Villaneuva et al. (1997); (2001) alkenone concentrations MD952040 AT-NE -9.87 40.58 2465.00d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 99.099.0 99Pailler and Bard (2002) MD952039 AT-NE -10.35 40.58 338114C, d18O 6.5 4.0 2 1 0.5 1.0 1.0 1 Thomson et al. (1999;2000) -1 MD952042 AT-NE -10.17 37.75 3146.00d18O 6.3 3.0 2 2 0.66 -1.0-0.5 -1 0Pailler and Bard (2002) -1 MD952037 AT-NE -32.03 37.08 2630.00d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1Villanueva et al. (2001) coretop sed rate unclear, alkenone concentration GeoB 5559-2 AT-NE -13.19 31.65 3178.00d18O 6.0 3.0 1 3 0.66 -0.5-0.5 0 -0.5 0Moreno et al. (2002) GeoB4216-1/2 AT-NE -12.40 30.63 2324.00d18O 5.0 3.0 1 2 0.5 1.099.0 1 0Moreno et al. (2002) -1 SU94-20bK AT-NE -16.65 25.02 1445.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 4 0.5 -1.5-0.5 -1 0 -1 0.5Martinez et al. (1996); Ternois et a -1sterol MAR lower than today; alkenone preservati GeoB4205 AT-NE -11.65 32.18 3296.00d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 0.0 Bozzano et al. (2002) GeoB4240-2 AT-NE -13.23 28.89 1358d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Freudenthal et al. (2001) -0.5 GeoB4242-5 AT-NE -17.89 29.68 4286d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Freudenthal et al. (2000) 0 GeoB4241-11 AT-NE -15.45 29.17 3609d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Henderiks et al. [2002] 1 Equatorial Atlantic Ocean GeoB1515-1 AT-WEQ-43.67 4.24 3129.00d18O y 7.0 3.0 4 0 0.0 Ruhlemann et al. (1996) based on similarity with GeoB1523-1 GeoB1523-1 AT-WEQ-41.62 3.83 3292.00d18O y 10.0 3.0 4 3 1 -2.0-1.0 -0.5 -1 -0.5 Ruhlemann et al. (1996);Kasten et al -1based on similarity with GeoB1523-1 GeoB1101-4/5 AT-EEQ-10.98 1.66 4588.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 ODP 663 AT-EEQ-11.88 -1.20 3708.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 1.5 1.0 0.5 1 DeMenocal et al. [1993] -0.5 GeoB1105-4/3 AT-EEQ-12.43 -1.67 3225.00d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 0.0 Meinecke [1992]; Bickert and Wefer (1996) RC24-12 AT-EEQ-11.42 -3.01 3486.00d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 0.0 Ruddiman and Farrell [1992] 0 GeoB1041-3/1 AT-EEQ -7.60 -3.48 4035.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 GeoB1118-3 AT-EEQ-16.43 -3.56 4671.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 GeoB1117-2/3 AT-EEQ-14.90 -3.82 3984.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 175-1075A AT-EEQ 10.08 -4.79 2996.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.0 0.0 0 Jahn (2002) 1 RC24-16 AT-EEQ-10.20 -5.03 3543.0014C, d18O 5.5 3.5 2 0 0.0 Ruddiman (1997) 0 GeoB1008-3 AT-EEQ 10.31 -6.58 3913.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 4 0.5 2.0 0.5 1 0 1 0 Rutsch et al. (1995); Schneider et al. (1Ba and Be10: preservation problems in Stage 5; V22-174 AT-EEQ-12.82 -10.07 2630.00d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 0.0 Ruddiman and Farrell [1992] 0.5 GeoB1016-3 AT-EEQ 11.68 -11.77 3411.00d18O 6.8 3.0 2 3 0.6 0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.5Mueller et al. (1994); Schneider et al. (1997); Hinrichs et al. (1999) GeoB1115-3 AT-EEQ-12.56 -3.56 2945d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 0.0 0.0 0 Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0 GeoB1112-4 AT-EEQ-10.75 -5.78 3125d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Meinecke [1992]; Bickert and Wefer ( 0 GeoB1408-2 AT-EEQ -6.18 -12.82 1847d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Meinecke [1992]; Bickert and Wefer ( 0 South Atlantic GeoB1032-3/2 AT-SE 6.04 -22.92 2505.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bickert and Wefer [1996] -0.5 GeoB1034-3/1 AT-SE 5.42 -21.74 3772d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -0.5 GeoB1035-4/3/5 AT-SE 5.03 -21.59 4453d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) 0 GeoB1211-3/1 AT-SE 7.53 -24.48 4084d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bickert and Wefer (1996) -1 175-1082A AT-SE 11.82 -21.09 1279d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Jahn (2002) -1 GeoB1712-4 AT-SE 12.81 -23.26 998d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Kirst et al. (1999) %toc GeoB1711-4 AT-SE 12.38 -23.32 196714C, d18O 5.5 3.5 1 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Kirst et al. (1999) %toc GeoB1710 AT-SE -11.70 -23.43 2987.00d18O 5.0 3.0 1 2 0.5 1.0 0.5 0 1 Schmiedl and Mackensen (1997); Hinrichs e%toc GeoB1214-1 AT-SE 7.24 -24.69 3210.00d18O 6.0 3.0 1 2 1 -2.0-1.0 -1 -1 Schneider et al., (1997); Schmiedl a 0 RC13-229 AT-SE 11.00 -26.00 4194.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 2 0.5 -0.5-0.5 0 -0.5 Rosenthal et al. (1995) RC15-94 AT-SAZ-20.85 -42.98 3762.00d18O y 7.0 3.0 4 2 198.099.0 99 99 Kumar et al. (1995) V22-108 AT-SAZ -3.25 -43.18 4171.00d18O y 9.0 3.0 4 5 0.4 0.599.0 0.5 0.5 0 0 -0.5 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) PS2082-1/3 AT-SAZ 11.74 -43.22 4661.00d18O y 9.0 3.0 4 4 0.5 1.5 0.5 1 00.5 0 Frank et al. (2000) RC15-93 AT-SAZ-13.22 -46.10 2714.0014C, d18y 9.5 3.5 4 2 1198.099.0 99 99 Kumar et al. (1995) PS1754-1/2 AT-SAZ 7.61 -46.77 2476.00d18O y 11.0 3.0 4 4 1 3.0 1.0 0.5 1 1 0.5 Frank et al. (2000) RC13-254 AT-PFZ -5.57 -48.57 3636.0014C, d18y 12.5 3.5 4 5 1 5.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) PS1756-5/6 AT-PFZ 6.71 -48.73 3803.00d18O,230y 11.0 3.0 4 4 1396.099.0 99 99 99 99 Frank et al. (2000) PS1768-8/6 AT-AZ 4.47 -53.61 3298.00d18O, 14y 11.5 3.5 4 4 1101.0 0.5 0.5 99 1 0.5 Frank et al. (2000) RC13-259 AT-AZ -4.93 -53.88 2677.00d18O y 10.2 3.0 4 4 0.8 96.5-1.0 99 -1-0.5 -1 Kumar et al. (1995) opal at late Stage 5 highly variable! RC11-76 AT-AZ -22.13 -54.38 5229.00d18O y 5.0 0.0 4 1 1 -0.5-0.5 -0.5 Kumar et al. (1995); Anderson et al. (1998) PS1772-8/6 AT-AZ 1.16 -55.46 4136.00d18O, LCy 11.0 3.0 4 4 1 -4.0-1.0 -1 -1 -1 -1 Frank et al. (2000) PS1575-1 AT-Ant-43.33 -62.83 3461.00LC 5.0 1.0 1 3 1 -3.0-1.0 -1 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1821-6 AT-Ant 37.47 -67.05 4027.00LC 4.0 1.0 1 3 0.66 -2.0-1.0 0 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1506-1 AT-Ant -5.83 -68.72 2426.00LC 3.0 1.0 1 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) percents, not MAR PS2038-2 AT-Ant 6.29 -69.35 1630.00LC 3.0 1.0 1 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) percents, not MAR PS1648-1 AT-Ant -6.52 -69.73 2529.00LC 5.0 1.0 1 3 1 -3.0-1.0 -1 -1 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) PS1375-3 AT-Ant-17.10 -72.15 1750.00LC 3.0 1.0 1 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Bonn et al. (1998) percents, not MAR North Pacific Ocean ODP 887B PA-NEP-148.4 54.37 3647.0014C, d18O 5.5 3.5 1 2 0.5100.0 0.5 99 1 McDonald et al. (1999) XP98-PC-1 PA-NWP152.00 51.00 110714C, d18O 6.5 3.5 1 2 1 -1.5-1.0 -1 -0.5 Narita et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (200%opal, Ba ppm ODP 882 PA-NWP167.60 50.37n/a d18O 5.0 3.0 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 Haug et al. (1995, 1999) %opal KH99-03 Sta ES PA-NWP168.32 49.75 2388LC 4.0 1.0 1 2 1 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5Narita et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (200%opal NGC108 PA-NWP158.35 36.61n/a d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 Maeda et al. (2002); Kienast et al. (2004) H3571 PA-NWP125.84 34.90 3571.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 -1.0-0.5 0 -1 Kawahata et al. (2000) -0.5 ODP 893 PA-NEP-120.0 34.29 575.0014C, d18O 5.5 3.5 1 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1Herbert et al. (2001) alkenone concentrations, not MAR S2612 PA-NWP157.85 32.33 2612.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 3 0.66 -1.0-0.5 -1 -0.5 0.5Kawahata et al. (1999b); Amo and Min -1 NH15P PA-NEP-106.4 22.07 420.0014C, d18O 7.5 3.5 2 2 1 -2.0-1.0 -1 -1 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) NH22P PA-NEP-106.5 21.52 2025.0014C, d18O 7.5 3.5 2 2 1 -2.0-1.0 -1 -1 Ganeshram and Pedersen (1998) V21-146 PA-NWP163.03 37.68 3968d18O 3 2 0 0 99.0 Hovan et al. (1991) -1 East Equatorial Pacific Ocean RC11-210 PA-EQ -140.0 1.82 4420.00d18O 5.0 3.0 2 0 0.0 Rea et al. (1991); Loubere (1999); Murray et al. (1995) MANOPC / W8402A-GCPA-EEQ-138.9 0.95 4287.00d18O 4.0 3.0 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Prahl et al. (1989); Lyle et al. (1988); site affected by redistribution PC72 / TT013-PC72 PA-EEQ-140.0 0.00 4298.00d18O y 8.0 3.0 4 1 1 0.0 0.0 0 Marcantonio et al. (2001); Paytan et al. (1996) 503B PA-EQ -95.60 4.00 3672d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 1.0 1.0 1 West Equatorial Pacific Ocean NGC34 / C2188 PA-WEQ141.49 3.80 2188.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 -2.0-1.0 -1 -1 Kawahata and Eguchi (1996) -0.5 C4402 PA-WEQ135.02 3.00 4402.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 -1.0-0.5 -0.5 -0.5 Kawahata et al. (1998); Kawahata et -0.5 O3187 PA-WEQ160.57 1.22 3187.00d18O 6.3 3.0 2 2 0.66 -1.5-1.0 -0.5 -1 Kawahata (1999) 0 RNDB 74P PA-WEQ159.37 0.34 2547d18O y 8.0 3 4 1 1 0.5 0.5 Schwarz et al. (1996) 0.5 ODP806 PA-WEQ159.00 0.32 2550d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 Higgins et al. (2002) RC17-177 PA-WEQ159.00 1.75 2550d18O y 7.0 3 4 0 Higgins et al. (2002) South Pacific NGC100 PA-SW 162.00 -25.27 1299.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Kawahata (2002) NGC99 PA-SW 162.00 -30.00 1158.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Kawahata (2002) NGC98 PA-SW 162.51 -35.00 1338.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 1 1 -1.0-1.0 -1 Kawahata (2002) NGC97 / LH3166 PA-SW 161.00 -35.50 3116.00d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 -2.0-1.0 -1 -1 Kawahata (2002); Kawahata et al. (19 -0.5 ANTA91-8 PA 172.83 -70.78 2383.00230Thex 7.0 2.0 2 3 1 -3.0-1.0 -1 -1 -1 Ceccaroni et al. (1998) Fr94-GC3 PA-SW 149.98 -44.25 2667d18O 5.0 3 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5Calvo et al. (2004) Equatorial Indian Ocean MD900963 IN-EQ 73.88 5.06 2446d18O 7.0 3.0 2 2 1 2.0 1.0 1 1Beaufort (2000); Budziak et al. (2000) 93KL IN 64.22 23.58 1802d18O, LCy 8.0 3 4 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 Pourmand et al. (2004) GeoB3005 IN-Ara 54.37 14.97 2310d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 1.099.0 0 1Budziak et al. (2000) ODP 723 IN-Ara 57.61 18.05 816d18O 6.0 3 2 1 1 98.0-1.0 -1 99Budziak et al. (2000) 94KL IN 65.65 22.49 2109d18O 7.0 3 2 2 1 99.0 99 99Schubert et al. (1998) South Indian Ocean MD88-769 IN 90.10 -46.10 3420.00d18O y 8.0 3.0 4 2 0.5 1.0 0.5 0 1 Bareille et al. (1998); Rosenthal et al. authigenic Cd consistent with authigenic U MD80-304 IN 67.43 -51.07 1930.00d18O 6.0 3.0 2 2 0.5 -1.0-0.5 0 -1 Rosenthal et al. (1995) authigenic Cd consistent with authigenic U MD88-779 IN 146.55 -47.84 2260d18O 4.5 3 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Nees et al. (1999) -0.5diatom abundances disagree - authors attribute d