# Bengal Fan 19 Million Year Buried Wood Fragment Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27770 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lee2019/lee2019plant.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-10-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-10-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bengal Fan 19 Million Year Buried Wood Fragment Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lee, H.; Galy, V.; Feng, X.; Ponton, C.; Galy, A.; France-Lanord, C.; Feakins, S. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Wood burial data from 8 Bengal Fan sediment cores, including wood abundance, wood bulk carbon isotopic composition, wood lignin phenolic oxidative products, and wood lignin methoxy hydrogen isotopic composition for the past 19 million years, plus source areas plant transect data. # Provided Keywords: carbon cycle, wood, lignin, Himalaya, Bengal Fan #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hyejung Lee, Valier Galy, Xiaojuan Feng, Camilo Ponton, Albert Galy, Christian France-Lanord and Sarah J. Feakins # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-11-05 # Published_Title: Sustained wood burial in the Bengal Fan over the last 19 My # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: 116 # Edition: # Issue: 45 # Pages: 22518-22525 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913714116 # Online_Resource: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/45/22518 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) River system transports over a billion tons of sediment every year from the Himalayan Mountains to the Bay of Bengal and has built the world's largest active sedimentary deposit, the Bengal Fan. High sedimentation rates drive exceptional organic matter preservation that represents a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. While much attention has been paid to organic-rich fine sediments, coarse sediments have generally been overlooked as a locus of organic carbon (OC) burial. However, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354 recently discovered abundant woody debris (millimeter- to centimeter-sized fragments) preserved within the coarse sediment layers of turbidite beds recovered from 6 marine drill sites along a transect across the Bengal Fan (~8N, ~3,700-m water depth) with recovery spanning 19 My. Analysis of bulk wood and lignin finds mostly lowland origins of wood delivered episodically. In the last 5 My, export included C4 plants, implying that coarse woody, lowland export continued after C4 grassland expansion, albeit in reduced amounts. Substantial export of coarse woody debris in the last 1 My included one wood-rich deposit (~0.05 Ma) that encompassed coniferous wood transported from the headwaters. In coarse layers, we found on average 0.16 weight % OC, which is half the typical biospheric OC content of sediments exported by the modern G-B Rivers. Wood burial estimates are hampered by poor drilling recovery of sands. However, high-magnitude, low-frequency wood export events are shown to be a key mechanism for C burial in turbidites. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-1401217, COL-T354A55, OCE-1400805 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Bengal Fan # Location: Ocean>Indian Ocean>Bay Of Bengal # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 8.007002 # Southernmost_Latitude: 8.006778 # Easternmost_Longitude: 88.741687 # Westernmost_Longitude: 85.849803 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Lee2019plant # First_Year: -50 # Last_Year: -65 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: Late Miocene #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## id sample ID code,,,,,,,,C, ## country Country where sampled,,,,,,,,C, ## lat Latitude,,,,,,,,N, ## long Longitude,,,,,,,,N, ## elev_m Elevation,,,,,,,,N, ## d13C delta 13C,plant,,per mil VPDB,,,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Carbon isotopic composition ## part part of plant,plant,,,,,,,C, ## species Family-Genus-Species or common name if known,plant,,,,,,,C, ## lifeform Lifeform (grass-fern-shrub-tree),plant,,,,,,,C, ## class Classification (gymnosperm-angiosperm-monocot-nonvascular),plant,,,,,,,C, ## ps Photosynthesis pathway (C3-C4) based on carbon isotopes,plant,,,,,,,C, # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: 999999 # id Country lat long elev_m d13C part Family/Genus/Species/Common name if known lifeform class ps AR 106 India 27.097 92.583 0.49 -29.6 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 106 India 27.097 92.583 0.49 -29.0 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 106 India 27.097 92.583 0.545 -32.8 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 106 India 27.097 92.583 0.545 -27.6 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 106 India 27.097 92.583 0.545 -27.0 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 105 India 27.106 92.556 0.842 -31.4 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 105 India 27.106 92.556 0.842 -27.1 branch 999999 tree angiosperm/dicot C3 AR 34_2 India 27.193 92.574 1.061 -29.3 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 38 India 27.193 92.574 1.061 -31.8 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 103 India 27.204 92.561 1.128 -28.8 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 AR 103 India 27.221 93.577 1.128 -28.5 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 34 India 27.163 92.560 1.154 -29.6 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 104 India 27.176 92.571 1.478 -29.0 branch 999999 shrub/tree angiosperm C3 AR 104 India 27.176 92.571 1.478 -28.3 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 101 India 27.206 92.384 1.488 -28.1 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 50 India 27.376 92.235 1.58 -29.4 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 50_2 India 27.376 92.235 1.58 -30.7 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 80 India 27.634 91.720 1.58 -29.5 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 80 India 27.634 91.720 1.58 -29.5 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 AR 98 India 27.204 92.414 1.6 -26.6 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 41 India 27.371 92.236 1.626 -29.6 branch 999999 tree angiosperm/dicot C3 AR 76 India 27.590 91.701 2.085 -27.2 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 AR 60 India 27.580 91.972 2.2 -29.2 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 68 India 27.580 91.792 2.305 -28.4 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 68 India 27.580 91.792 2.305 -27.5 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 82 India 27.708 91.718 2.382 -29.7 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 63 India 27.572 91.873 2.529 -26.1 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 96_2 India 27.448 92.109 2.59 -27.4 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 62 India 27.578 91.863 2.68 -29.8 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 96 India 27.447 92.120 2.85 -27.1 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 57 India 27.571 91.989 2.88 -29.7 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 AR 92 India 27.458 92.113 3.132 -29.1 branch 999999 fern non-vascular C3 AR 92 India 27.458 92.113 3.132 -29.0 branch 999999 tree gymnosperm C3 AR 91 India 27.475 92.110 3.527 -28.9 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 90 India 27.484 92.109 3.7 -27.5 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 89 India 27.493 92.105 4.013 -26.9 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 55 India 27.515 92.091 4.043 -27.7 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 55 India 27.531 93.108 4.043 -27.4 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 AR 56 India 27.515 92.091 4.043 -27.3 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 AR 87 India 27.495 92.105 4.05 -25.1 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 PB 36 Nepal 28.475 83.637 1.15 -27.1 branch 999999 tree angiosperm/dicot C3 "Bamboo" 1500 Nepal 28.10 85.19 1.5 -12.7 stem bamboo-like appearance grass monocot C4 Tsilaone 1500 Nepal 28.10 85.19 1.5 -29.0 branch 999999 tree angiosperm/dicot C3 PB 21 Pine Nepal 28.590 83.647 1.93 -25.4 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 Bamboo 2000-2500 Nepal 28.14 85.19 2.25 -24.5 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 PB11 Pine Nepal 28.718 83.664 2.6 -22.4 branch Pinus wallichiana tree gymnosperm C3 Bamboo 3000 Nepal 28.17 85.19 3 -28.7 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 Rhodo 3000 Nepal 28.17 85.19 3 -26.0 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 Bamboo 3500 Nepal 28.20 85.20 3.5 -28.9 stem bamboo grass monocot C3 Heather 3500 Nepal 28.20 85.20 3.5 -25.1 stem Cassiope fastigiata (heather) shrub angiosperm/dicot C3 PB 4 Nepal 28.819 83.849 3.5 -26.8 branch 999999 tree angiosperm/dicot C3 Rhodo 3500 Nepal 28.20 85.20 3.5 -26.7 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 Heather 4000 Nepal 28.22 85.18 4 -23.9 stem Cassiope fastigiata (heather) shrub angiosperm/dicot C3 Rhodo 4000 Nepal 28.22 85.18 4 -25.4 branch Rhododendron spp. shrub/tree angiosperm/dicot C3 BR 423 Bangladesh 24.044 89.040 0.02 -12.4 stem 999999 herb monocot/dicot C4