South-east Atlantic mid-Pleistocene Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: South-east Atlantic mid-Pleistocene Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 2/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Erin L. McClymont, University of Durham. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-015 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: McClymont, E.L., et al. 2006. South-east Atlantic mid-Pleistocene Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-015. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: McClymont, E.L., A. Rosell-Mele, J. Giraudeau, C. Pierre, and J.M. Lloyd. 2005. Alkenone and coccolith records of the mid-Pleistocene in the south-east Atlantic: Implications for the index and South African climate. Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1559-1572. ABSTRACT: Successful application of the alkenone palaeothermometer, the Uk37' index, relies upon the assumption that fossil alkenone synthesisers responded to growth-temperature changes in a similar manner to the modern producers, chiefly the coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. We compare coccolith and Uk37' from ODP Site 1087 in the south-east Atlantic between 1500 and 500 ka, and show that evolutionary events and changes in species dominance within the coccolithophore populations had little impact on the Uk37' record. The relative abundances of the C37 and C38 alkenones also closely resembled those found in modern populations, and suggest a similar temperature sensitivity of Uk37' during the early and mid-Pleistocene to that found at present. These results support the application of the Uk37' index to reconstruct sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) throughout the Quaternary. The Uk37' record at ODP Site 1087 contains an SST signal that documents the emergence of the 100-kyr cycles that characterise the late Quaternary ice volume records. This is preceded by significant cooling at ODP Site 1087, marked by a negative shift in SSTs and a positive shift in the planktonic ?18O some 250-kyr earlier, at ca 1150–1000 ka. This results in a permanent fall in average SSTs of around 1.5 °C. The predicted increase in aridity onshore as a result of this cooling can be identified in a number of published records from southern Africa, and may have played a role in some important evolutionary events of the mid-Pleistocene. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: South-east Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 1.5 - 0.5 MMYrBP DESCRIPTION: South-east Atlantic mid-Pleistocene Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction DATA: 1. Core 10987 Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction Sample Depth Age UK37' SST (Mbsf) (ka) (ºC) 175-1087A-2H-4, 36-37 13.06 497.63 0.608 17.1 175-1087A-2H-4, 51-52 13.21 502.81 0.619 17.4 175-1087A-2H-4, 66-67 13.36 508.74 0.575 16.1 175-1087A-2H-4, 81-82 13.51 514.30 0.555 15.5 175-1087A-2H-4, 96-97 13.66 519.85 0.588 16.5 175-1087A-2H-4, 111-112 13.81 525.41 0.625 17.6 175-1087A-2H-4, 126-127 13.96 535.33 0.577 16.2 175-1087A-2H-4, 141-142 14.11 549.06 0.605 17.0 175-1087A-2H-5, 04-05 14.24 561.37 0.578 16.2 175-1087A-2H-5, 15-16 14.36 571.55 0.598 16.8 175-1087A-2H-5, 37-38 14.58 591.89 0.576 16.1 175-1087A-2H-5, 48-49 14.69 602.07 0.571 16.0 175-1087A-2H-5, 60-61 14.80 612.24 0.563 15.7 175-1087A-2H-5, 71-72 14.91 618.25 0.539 15.0 175-1087A-2H-5, 82-83 15.02 622.80 0.602 16.9 175-1087A-2H-5, 101-102 15.22 629.96 0.518 14.4 175-1087A-2H-5, 111-112 15.31 633.22 0.469 12.9 175-1087A-2H-5, 121-122 15.41 636.48 0.461 12.6 175-1087A-2H-5, 130-131 15.51 638.11 0.561 15.7 175-1087A-2H-5, 140-141 15.61 642.91 0.611 17.2 175-1087A-2H-6, 00-01 15.70 646.08 0.590 16.6 175-1087A-2H-6, 10-11 15.80 649.26 0.637 18.0 175-1087A-2H-6, 20-21 15.90 652.44 0.545 15.2 175-1087A-2H-6, 29-30 16.00 655.62 0.639 18.0 175-1087A-2H-6, 39-40 16.09 658.80 0.631 17.8 175-1087A-2H-6, 49-50 16.19 661.98 0.651 18.4 175-1087A-2H-6, 59-60 16.29 665.16 0.617 17.4 175-1087A-2H-6, 68-69 16.39 668.34 0.703 20.0 175-1087A-2H-6, 88-89 16.58 674.64 0.574 16.0 175-1087A-2H-6, 110-111 16.80 681.89 0.621 17.5 175-1087A-2H-6, 132-133 17.03 689.15 0.595 16.7 175-1087A-2H-7, 04-05 17.25 696.40 0.573 16.0 175-1087A-2H-7, 27-28 17.47 703.66 0.635 17.9 175-1087A-2H-7, 49-50 17.69 710.92 0.615 17.3 175-1087A-3H-1, 21-22 17.92 740.27 0.589 16.5 175-1087A-3H-1, 43-44 18.14 748.72 0.575 16.1 175-1087A-3H-1, 66-67 18.36 755.10 0.556 15.5 175-1087A-3H-1, 88-89 18.58 758.17 0.539 15.0 175-1087A-3H-1, 110-111 18.81 761.24 0.500 13.8 175-1087A-3H-1, 132-133 19.03 764.30 0.593 16.6 175-1087A-3H-2, 05-06 19.25 767.37 0.499 13.8 175-1087A-3H-2, 27-28 19.47 770.44 0.582 16.3 175-1087A-3H-2, 49-50 19.70 773.50 0.582 16.3 175-1087A-3H-2, 71-72 19.92 776.46 0.623 17.6 175-1087A-3H-2, 94-95 20.14 779.64 0.598 16.8 175-1087A-3H-2, 116-117 20.36 782.66 0.629 17.7 175-1087A-3H-2, 138-139 20.59 785.77 0.628 17.7 175-1087A-3H-3, 10-11 20.81 788.73 0.643 18.1 175-1087A-3H-3, 33-34 21.03 791.90 0.641 18.1 175-1087A-3H-3, 55-56 21.25 795.18 0.478 13.2 175-1087A-3H-3, 77-78 21.48 798.59 0.547 15.2 175-1087A-3H-3, 99-100 21.70 801.99 0.601 16.9 175-1087A-3H-3, 122-123 21.92 805.39 0.537 14.9 175-1087A-3H-4, 16-17 22.37 810.59 0.577 16.2 175-1087A-3H-4, 38-39 22.59 813.95 0.548 15.3 175-1087A-3H-4, 61-62 22.81 817.47 0.551 15.4 175-1087A-3H-4, 83-84 23.03 820.84 0.526 14.6 175-1087A-3H-4, 105-106 23.26 824.20 0.574 16.1 175-1087A-3H-4, 127-128 23.48 827.56 0.587 16.5 175-1087A-3H-5, 00-01 23.70 831.08 0.509 14.1 175-1087A-3H-5, 22-23 23.92 834.45 0.629 17.7 175-1087A-3H-5, 44-45 24.15 837.81 0.560 15.6 175-1087A-3H-5, 66-67 24.37 841.29 0.593 16.6 175-1087A-3H-5, 89-90 24.59 844.70 0.691 19.6 175-1087A-3H-5, 111-112 24.81 848.10 0.641 18.1 175-1087A-3H-5, 133-134 25.04 851.50 0.616 17.3 175-1087A-3H-6, 05-06 25.26 854.91 0.602 16.9 175-1087A-3H-6, 28-29 25.48 858.31 0.632 17.8 175-1087A-3H-6, 50-51 25.70 861.71 0.659 18.6 175-1087A-3H-6, 72-73 25.93 865.12 0.648 18.3 175-1087A-3H-6, 84-95 26.15 868.52 0.566 15.8 175-1087A-3H-6, 117-118 26.37 873.51 0.574 16.1 175-1087A-3H-6, 131-132 26.51 879.35 0.597 16.7 175-1087A-3H-6, 145-146 26.65 885.33 0.573 16.0 175-1087A-3H-7, 09-10 26.79 891.23 0.597 16.8 175-1087A-3H-7, 23-24 26.94 897.14 0.546 15.2 175-1087A-3H-7, 37-38 27.08 903.04 0.561 15.7 175-1087A-3H-7, 51-52 27.22 908.95 0.593 16.6 175-1087A-4H-1, 16-17 27.36 944.88 0.566 15.8 175-1087A-4H-1, 30-31 27.50 948.67 0.593 16.6 175-1087A-4H-1, 44-45 27.64 952.58 0.651 18.4 175-1087A-4H-1, 58-59 27.79 956.43 0.646 18.2 175-1087A-4H-1, 72-73 27.93 960.28 0.560 15.6 175-1087A-4H-1, 86-87 28.07 964.14 0.534 14.8 175-1087A-4H-1, 100-101 28.21 975.84 0.541 15.1 175-1087A-4H-1, 115-116 28.35 972.13 0.534 14.8 175-1087A-4H-1, 129-130 28.49 976.14 0.570 15.9 175-1087A-4H-1, 143-144 28.63 980.16 0.574 16.1 175-1087A-4H-2, 07-08 28.78 984.17 0.595 16.7 175-1087A-4H-2, 21-22 28.92 988.18 0.566 15.8 175-1087A-4H-2, 35-36 29.06 992.20 0.611 17.2 175-1087A-4H-2, 50-51 29.20 996.21 0.546 15.2 175-1087A-4H-2, 64-65 29.34 1000.23 0.628 17.7 175-1087A-4H-2, 78-79 29.48 1004.24 0.555 15.5 175-1087A-4H-2, 92-93 29.62 1008.44 0.580 16.2 175-1087A-4H-2, 106-107 29.77 1012.69 0.588 16.5 175-1087A-4H-2, 120-121 29.91 1016.93 0.550 15.3 175-1087A-4H-2, 135-136 30.05 1021.18 0.607 17.1 175-1087A-4H-2, 149-150 30.19 1025.42 0.611 17.2 175-1087A-4H-3, 13-14 30.33 1029.67 0.652 18.4 175-1087A-4H-3, 27-28 30.47 1033.91 0.609 17.1 175-1087A-4H-3, 41-42 30.62 1038.16 0.528 14.7 175-1087A-4H-3, 55-56 30.76 1042.40 0.542 15.1 175-1087A-4H-3, 83-84 31.04 1051.46 0.601 16.9 175-1087A-4H-3, 98-99 31.18 1056.06 0.566 15.8 175-1087A-4H-3, 112-123 31.32 1060.66 0.606 17.0 175-1087A-4H-3, 126-127 31.46 1065.25 0.588 16.5 175-1087A-4H-4, 04-05 31.75 1074.45 0.586 16.4 175-1087A-4H-4, 18-19 31.89 1079.04 0.626 17.6 175-1087A-4H-4, 33-34 32.03 1083.64 0.648 18.3 175-1087A-4H-4, 47-48 32.17 1088.23 0.669 18.9 175-1087A-4H-4, 61-62 32.31 1092.83 0.605 17.0 175-1087A-4H-4, 75-76 32.45 1096.42 0.575 16.1 175-1087A-4H-4, 89-90 32.60 1100.67 0.585 16.4 175-1087A-4H-4, 103-104 32.74 1104.38 0.466 12.8 175-1087A-4H-4, 117-118 32.88 1108.09 0.582 16.3 175-1087A-4H-4, 132-133 33.02 1111.81 0.566 15.8 175-1087A-4H-4, 146-147 33.16 1115.52 0.563 15.7 175-1087A-4H-5, 10-11 33.30 1119.23 0.564 15.8 175-1087A-4H-5, 24-25 33.45 1122.94 0.553 15.4 175-1087A-4H-5, 38-39 33.59 1126.65 0.537 14.9 175-1087A-4H-5, 52-53 33.73 1133.15 0.528 14.7 175-1087A-4H-5, 67-68 33.87 1139.93 0.672 19.0 175-1087A-4H-5, 81-82 34.01 1146.72 0.589 16.5 175-1087A-4H-5, 95-96 34.15 1153.50 0.624 17.6 175-1087A-4H-5, 109-110 34.29 1160.29 0.677 19.2 175-1087A-4H-5, 123-124 34.44 1165.71 0.694 19.7 175-1087A-4H-5, 137-128 34.58 1170.45 0.685 19.4 175-1087A-4H-6, 01-02 34.72 1175.28 0.662 18.7 175-1087A-4H-6, 16-17 34.86 1180.12 0.669 18.9 175-1087A-4H-6, 30-31 35.00 1184.95 0.677 19.2 175-1087A-4H-6, 44-45 35.14 1189.79 0.685 19.4 175-1087A-4H-6, 58-59 35.28 1194.62 0.688 19.5 175-1087A-4H-6, 72-73 35.43 1199.45 0.656 18.5 175-1087A-4H-6, 86-87 35.57 1204.29 0.622 17.5 175-1087A-4H-6, 101-102m 35.71 1211.71 0.603 16.9 175-1087A-4H-6, 115-116 35.85 1218.58 0.639 18.0 175-1087A-4H-7, 07-08 36.28 1240.55 0.668 18.9 175-1087A-4H-7, 21-22 36.42 1247.91 0.569 15.9 175-1087A-4H-7, 35-36 36.56 1255.27 0.566 15.8 175-1087A-5H-1, 00-01 36.70 1316.72 0.584 16.4 175-1087A-5H-1, 14-15 36.84 1320.34 0.646 18.2 175-1087A-5H-1, 28-29 36.98 1323.80 0.650 18.4 175-1087A-5H-1, 42-43 37.12 1327.26 0.690 19.6 175-1087A-5H-1, 56-57 37.27 1330.72 0.705 20.0 175-1087A-5H-1, 70-71 37.41 1334.18 0.656 18.5 175-1087A-5H-1, 84-85 37.55 1338.46 0.658 18.6 175-1087A-5H-1, 99-100 37.69 1342.71 0.676 19.1 175-1087A-5H-1, 131-132 37.83 1346.90 0.584 16.4 175-1087A-5H-1, 127-128 37.97 1350.93 0.576 16.1 175-1087A-5H-1, 141-142 38.11 1354.96 0.644 18.2 175-1087A-5H-2, 05-06 38.26 1358.99 0.537 14.9 175-1087A-5H-2, 20-21 38.40 1363.11 0.600 16.8 175-1087A-5H-2, 34-35 38.55 1367.24 0.610 17.1 175-1087A-5H-2, 49-50 38.69 1371.37 0.588 16.5 175-1087A-5H-2, 63-64 38.84 1375.49 0.579 16.2 175-1087A-5H-2, 78-79 38.98 1379.62 0.638 18.0 175-1087A-5H-2, 92-93 39.13 1383.75 0.586 16.4 175-1087A-5H-2, 107-108 39.27 1386.97 0.685 19.4 175-1087A-5H-2, 121-122 39.42 1389.14 0.610 17.2 175-1087A-5H-2, 136-137 39.56 1391.95 0.643 18.2 175-1087A-5H-3, 00-01 39.71 1394.77 0.600 16.8 175-1087A-5H-3, 15-16 39.85 1397.58 0.713 20.3 175-1087A-5H-3, 29-30 40.00 1400.40 0.634 17.9 175-1087A-5H-3, 44-45 40.14 1403.21 0.666 18.9 175-1087A-5H-3, 58-59 40.29 1406.03 0.596 16.7 175-1087A-5H-3, 73-74 40.43 1408.84 0.648 18.3 175-1087A-5H-3, 87-88 40.58 1411.66 0.624 17.6 175-1087A-5H-3, 102-103 40.72 1414.47 0.656 18.5 175-1087A-5H-3, 116-117 40.87 1417.29 0.675 19.1 175-1087A-5H-3, 131-132 41.01 1421.72 0.640 18.1 175-1087A-5H-4, 10-11 41.30 1429.56 0.633 17.8 175-1087A-5H-4, 24-25 41.45 1433.49 0.684 19.4 175-1087A-5H-4, 39-40 41.59 1437.41 0.638 18.0 175-1087A-5H-4, 53-54 41.74 1441.33 0.659 18.6 175-1087A-5H-4, 68-69 41.88 1445.26 0.668 18.9 175-1087A-5H-4, 82-83 42.03 1449.18 0.698 19.8 175-1087A-5H-4, 97-98 42.17 1453.10 0.691 19.6 175-1087A-5H-4, 111-112 42.32 1457.03 0.699 19.9 175-1087A-5H-4, 126-127 42.46 1460.95 0.641 18.1 175-1087A-5H-4, 140-141 42.61 1465.24 0.570 15.9 175-1087A-5H-5, 19-20 42.90 1474.17 0.593 16.6 175-1087A-5H-5, 34-35 43.04 1478.62 0.652 18.4 175-1087A-5H-5, 48-49 43.19 1483.08 0.618 17.4 175-1087A-5H-5, 63-64 43.33 1487.53 0.635 17.9 175-1087A-5H-5, 77-78 43.48 1491.98 0.602 16.9 175-1087A-5H-5, 92-93 43.62 1496.44 0.699 19.8 175-1087A-5H-5, 106-107 43.77 1500.89 0.634 17.9 175-1087A-5H-5, 121-122 43.91 1505.35 0.624 17.6 175-1087A-5H-5, 135-136 44.06 1509.44 0.579 16.2 175-1087A-5H-6, 00-01 44.20 1513.14 0.660 18.7 175-1087A-5H-6, 14-15 44.35 1517.11 0.616 17.3