Northwest African Margin 2500 Year Alkenone SST Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Northwest African Margin 2500 Year Alkenone SST Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Helen McGregor, University of Wollongong IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-130 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: McGregor, H.V., et al. 2009. Northwest African Margin 2500 Year Alkenone SST Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-130. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: McGregor, H.V., M. Dima, H.W. Fischer, and S. Mulitza. 2007. Rapid 20th-Century Increase in Coastal Upwelling off Northwest Africa. Science, Vol. 315, pp. 637-639, 2 February 2007. DOI: 10.1126/science.1134839 ABSTRACT: Near-shore waters along the northwest African margin are characterized by coastal upwelling and represent one of the world's major upwelling regions. Sea surface temperature (SST) records from Moroccan sediment cores, extending back 2500 years, reveal anomalous and unprecedented cooling during the 20th century, which is consistent with increased upwelling. Upwelling-driven SSTs also vary out of phase with millennial-scale changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHTAs) and show relatively warm conditions during the Little Ice Age and relatively cool conditions during the Medieval Warm Period. Together, these results suggest that coastal upwelling varies with NHTAs and that upwelling off northwest Africa may continue to intensify as global warming and atmospheric CO2 levels increase. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 2500 YrBp - present FUNDING SOURCES: EU PACLIVA Project and the European Graduate College "Proxies in Earth History Program" of the University of Bremen (H.V.M.), DFG Research Center Ocean Margins (H.V.M. and S.M.), and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (M.D.). DESCRIPTION: Alkenone SST records as upwelling proxies from 2 sediment cores taken offshore from Cape Ghir, Morocco. Core locations: Gravity core GeoB6008-1 and multi-core GeoB6008-2: 30º50.7'N, 10º05.9'W, 355m water depth DATA: 1. Radiocarbon ages, KYr, core GeoB6008-1 Depth[m] Label 14CAge AgeCorr. AgeStdDev AgeAD AgeMin AgeMax (Min-Max: 2 sigma calibrated age range) 0.04 KIA 25830 0.145 -0.355 0.025 1950 0 0 0.9 KIA 27295 0.875 0.42 0.045 1520 1.442 1.665 2 KIA 24291 1.08 0.58 0.03 1375 1.294 1.459 3.28 KIA 24290 1.54 1.04 0.035 980 0.797 1.084 3.67 KIA 27313 1.655 1.125 0.04 835 0.7 0.986 3.96 KIA 25829 1.83 1.33 0.03 670 0.551 0.789 4.68 KIA 27312 2.64 2.21 0.035 -250 -0.388 -0.096 5.3 KIA 24289 2.86 2.36 0.035 -520 -0.725 -0.384 Calendar ages ranges were estimated using CALIB 5.0 and are based on the MARINE04 calibration curve, assuming a 500 year reservoir age. 2. 210Pb and 137Cs dating, Cores GeoB6008-1 and 2 Core GeoB6008-1 Depth[m] DepthTop DepthBot 210Pb 210Pb+/- 137Cs 137Cs+/- Depth*shift Age[year AD] 0.005 0 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.004 0.0005 0.12 1976.1 0.015 0.01 0.02 0.139 0.008 0.002 0.0003 0.13 1973.2 0.025 0.02 0.03 0.146 0.008 0.002 0.0004 0.14 1969.8 0.0375 0.03 0.045 0.19 0.01 0.003 0.0004 0.153 1965.8 0.0525 0.045 0.06 0.161 0.009 0.003 0.0004 0.168 1960.9 0.0675 0.06 0.075 0.112 0.008 0.002 0.0004 0.183 1956.2 0.0825 0.075 0.09 0.114 0.006 0.002 0.0003 0.198 1951.7 0.095 0.09 0.1 0.125 0.006 0.001 0.0003 0.21 1948.2 0.105 0.1 0.11 0.104 0.009 0.22 1945.3 0.115 0.11 0.12 0.072 0.007 0.23 1942.9 0.125 0.12 0.13 0.062 0.006 0.24 1939.5 0.135 0.13 0.14 0.059 0.004 0.25 1936.6 0.145 0.14 0.15 0.058 0.004 0.26 1933.5 0.155 0.15 0.16 0.041 0.003 0.27 1930.3 0.165 0.16 0.17 0.044 0.003 0.28 1927 210Pb, 137Cs in Bq/cm**3 *Depth shifted: Depth, in centimetres, relative to the top of multicore GeoB6008-2 allowing for a 11-12 cm loss of material from the top of gravity core GeoB6008-1. A material loss of 11-12cm gave the best correspondance between the GeoB6008-1 and GeoB6008-2 210Pb activity concentrations. The errors bars for all [210Pb and 137Cs] data are one standard deviation and comprise the counting statistics (from the gamma spectroscopy) and the calibration error of the instrument. Core GeoB6008-2 Depth[m] DepthTop DepthBot 210Pb 210Pb+/- 137Cs 137Cs+/- Age ka* Age AD** 0.015 0.01 0.02 0.117 0.005 0.002 0.0003 0 1998 0.025 0.02 0.03 0.126 0.005 0.002 0.0002 0.001 1997 0.035 0.03 0.04 0.155 0.005 0.002 0.0002 0.0022 1995.8 0.045 0.04 0.05 0.167 0.006 0.003 0.0002 0.0037 1994.3 0.055 0.05 0.06 0.175 0.006 0.003 0.0003 0.0054 1992.6 0.065 0.06 0.07 0.191 0.006 0.003 0.0003 0.0073 1990.7 0.075 0.07 0.08 0.188 0.005 0.004 0.0003 0.0094 1988.6 0.085 0.08 0.09 0.191 0.008 0.005 0.0003 0.0117 1986.3 0.095 0.09 0.1 0.17 0.005 0.004 0.0002 0.0143 1983.7 0.105 0.1 0.11 0.184 0.005 0.004 0.0003 0.0167 1981.3 0.115 0.11 0.12 0.146 0.004 0.003 0.0003 0.0195 1978.5 0.125 0.12 0.13 0.158 0.006 0.004 0.0003 0.0219 1976.1 0.135 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.005 0.004 0.0002 0.0248 1973.2 0.145 0.14 0.15 0.144 0.006 0.003 0.0003 0.0282 1969.8 0.155 0.15 0.16 0.131 0.008 0.003 0.0003 0.0314 1966.6 0.165 0.16 0.17 0.122 0.005 0.004 0.0003 0.0346 1963.4 0.175 0.17 0.18 0.101 0.005 0.002 0.0002 0.038 1960 0.185 0.18 0.19 0.098 0.005 0.002 0.0003 0.041 1957 0.195 0.19 0.2 0.078 0.002 0.001 0.0002 0.0442 1953.8 0.205 0.2 0.21 0.07 0.003 0.001 0.0002 0.0471 1950.9 0.215 0.21 0.22 0.066 0.003 0.001 0.0002 0.0498 1948.2 0.225 0.22 0.23 0.052 0.004 0 0.0002 0.0527 1945.3 0.235 0.23 0.24 0.066 0.003 0.0551 1942.9 0.245 0.24 0.25 0.052 0.002 0.0585 1939.5 0.255 0.25 0.26 0.05 0.004 0.0614 1936.6 0.265 0.26 0.27 0.046 0.002 0.0645 1933.5 0.275 0.27 0.28 0.044 0.004 0.0677 1930.3 0.285 0.28 0.29 0.041 0.002 0.071 1927 0.295 0.29 0.3 0.041 0.003 0.0745 1923.5 0.305 0.3 0.31 0.032 0.004 0.0784 1919.6 0.315 0.31 0.32 0.028 0.002 0.0818 1916.2 0.325 0.32 0.33 0.024 0.004 0.0851 1912.9 The errors bars for all [210Pb and 137Cs] data are one standard deviation and comprise the counting statistics (from the gamma spectroscopy) and the calibration error of the instrument. *Age Model in years prior to the 1-2cm depth interval, based on the Constant Rate of Supply **Year AD assuming the 1-2cm depth interval is equivalent to 1998 3. GeoB6008-2 d13C, Uvigerina mediterranea Size fraction 400-680 µm. The total error is estimated as ± 0.1 per mil. AgeAD by Pb210 Depth[m] DepthTop DepthBot AgeAD U. mediterranea d13C [per mil PDB] 0.015 0.01 0.02 1998 -0.73 0.025 0.02 0.03 1997 -0.86 0.035 0.03 0.04 1995.8 -0.61 0.045 0.04 0.05 1994.3 -0.73 0.055 0.05 0.06 1992.6 -0.85 0.065 0.06 0.07 1990.7 -0.72 0.075 0.07 0.08 1988.6 -0.51 0.085 0.08 0.09 1986.3 -0.67 0.095 0.09 0.1 1983.7 -0.61 0.105 0.1 0.11 1981.3 -0.79 0.115 0.11 0.12 1978.5 -0.55 0.125 0.12 0.13 1976.1 -0.61 0.135 0.13 0.14 1973.2 -0.64 0.145 0.14 0.15 1969.8 -0.45 0.155 0.15 0.16 1966.6 -0.72 0.165 0.16 0.17 1963.4 -0.53 0.175 0.17 0.18 1960 -0.66 0.185 0.18 0.19 1957 -0.31 0.195 0.19 0.2 1953.8 -0.27 0.205 0.2 0.21 1950.9 0.03 0.215 0.21 0.22 1948.2 -0.41 0.225 0.22 0.23 1945.3 -0.27 0.235 0.23 0.24 1942.9 -0.06 0.245 0.24 0.25 1939.5 0.08 0.255 0.25 0.26 1936.6 0.01 0.265 0.26 0.27 1933.5 -0.25 0.275 0.27 0.28 1930.3 -0.25 0.285 0.28 0.29 1927 -0.23 0.295 0.29 0.3 1923.5 -0.06 0.325 0.32 0.33 1912.9 -0.05 4. UK`37 and Sea Surface Temperatures Age in calibrated years AD (cal yr AD), based on 210Pb dating from 0-17 cm depth and AMS 14C dating from 17-530 cm. SST normalised: Normalised to the average for 1912-1971, the period when GeoB6008-1 and GeoB6008-2 overlap. UK`37 calculated from C37 alkenones (Prahl & Wakeham, 1987) SST calculated from UK`37 (Prahl et al., 1988) Core GeoB6008-1 Depth[m] Age UK`37 SST[C] SSTnorm[C] 0.02 1971 0.675 18.7 -0.4 0.04 1965 0.683 18.9 -0.2 0.06 1959 0.681 18.9 -0.2 0.08 1953 0.69 19.1 0 0.1 1947 0.687 19 -0.1 0.12 1941 0.691 19.2 0.1 0.14 1935 0.692 19.2 0.1 0.16 1929 0.695 19.3 0.2 0.18 1923 0.697 19.4 0.2 0.2 1917 0.7 19.5 0.3 0.22 1911 0.702 19.5 0.4 0.24 1905 0.699 19.4 0.3 0.26 1899 0.701 19.5 0.3 0.28 1893 0.699 19.4 0.3 0.3 1887 0.692 19.2 0.1 0.32 1881 0.685 19 -0.1 0.34 1875 0.683 18.9 -0.2 0.36 1869 0.686 19 -0.1 0.38 1863 0.694 19.3 0.2 0.4 1857 0.692 19.2 0.1 0.42 1851 0.684 19 -0.2 0.44 1845 0.685 19 -0.1 0.46 1839 0.696 19.3 0.2 0.5 1827 0.7 19.4 0.3 0.54 1814 0.694 19.3 0.1 0.58 1802 0.696 19.3 0.2 0.62 1790 0.693 19.2 0.1 0.66 1778 0.697 19.3 0.2 0.7 1766 0.701 19.5 0.4 0.74 1754 0.701 19.5 0.4 0.78 1742 0.711 19.8 0.6 0.82 1730 0.697 19.4 0.2 0.86 1718 0.694 19.3 0.1 0.9 1706 0.711 19.8 0.7 0.94 1694 0.709 19.7 0.6 0.98 1682 0.699 19.4 0.3 1.02 1670 0.705 19.6 0.5 1.06 1658 0.706 19.6 0.5 1.1 1646 0.709 19.7 0.6 1.14 1634 0.704 19.5 0.4 1.18 1622 0.703 19.5 0.4 1.22 1610 0.699 19.4 0.3 1.26 1598 0.707 19.6 0.5 1.3 1586 0.704 19.6 0.4 1.34 1574 0.697 19.4 0.2 1.38 1562 0.706 19.6 0.5 1.42 1550 0.705 19.6 0.5 1.46 1538 0.707 19.7 0.5 1.5 1526 0.706 19.6 0.5 1.54 1513 0.705 19.6 0.5 1.58 1501 0.704 19.6 0.4 1.62 1489 0.702 19.5 0.4 1.66 1477 0.704 19.6 0.4 1.7 1465 0.71 19.7 0.6 1.74 1453 0.708 19.7 0.6 1.78 1441 0.698 19.4 0.3 1.82 1429 0.7 19.4 0.3 1.86 1417 0.7 19.4 0.3 1.9 1405 0.695 19.3 0.2 1.94 1393 0.702 19.5 0.4 1.98 1381 0.701 19.5 0.3 2.02 1368 0.708 19.7 0.5 2.06 1355 0.704 19.5 0.4 2.1 1343 0.692 19.2 0.1 2.14 1331 0.706 19.6 0.5 2.18 1318 0.692 19.2 0.1 2.22 1306 0.694 19.3 0.1 2.26 1294 0.707 19.6 0.5 2.28 1287 0.698 19.4 0.3 2.3 1281 0.711 19.8 0.6 2.32 1275 0.716 19.9 0.8 2.36 1263 0.703 19.5 0.4 2.4 1250 0.709 19.7 0.6 2.44 1238 0.699 19.4 0.3 2.48 1226 0.695 19.3 0.2 2.52 1213 0.7 19.5 0.3 2.56 1201 0.698 19.4 0.3 2.6 1189 0.706 19.6 0.5 2.64 1176 0.706 19.6 0.5 2.68 1164 0.697 19.3 0.2 2.72 1152 0.7 19.4 0.3 2.74 1145 0.706 19.6 0.5 2.76 1139 0.696 19.3 0.2 2.78 1133 0.694 19.3 0.1 2.8 1127 0.702 19.5 0.4 2.84 1114 0.704 19.6 0.4 2.88 1102 0.692 19.2 0.1 2.92 1090 0.689 19.1 0 2.96 1077 0.708 19.7 0.5 3 1065 0.711 19.8 0.7 3.04 1053 0.693 19.2 0.1 3.08 1040 0.695 19.3 0.2 3.12 1028 0.706 19.6 0.5 3.16 1016 0.694 19.3 0.2 3.2 1003 0.704 19.6 0.4 3.24 991 0.716 19.9 0.8 3.26 985 0.701 19.5 0.4 3.28 980 0.713 19.8 0.7 3.3 972 0.697 19.4 0.2 3.32 965 0.709 19.7 0.6 3.34 958 0.707 19.6 0.5 3.36 950 0.715 19.9 0.8 3.38 943 0.714 19.8 0.7 3.4 935 0.716 19.9 0.8 3.42 928 0.71 19.7 0.6 3.44 920 0.718 20 0.8 3.46 913 0.701 19.5 0.4 3.48 905 0.708 19.7 0.5 3.5 898 0.701 19.5 0.3 3.52 891 0.717 20 0.8 3.54 883 0.707 19.6 0.5 3.56 876 0.716 19.9 0.8 3.58 868 0.708 19.7 0.6 3.6 861 0.708 19.7 0.6 3.62 853 0.704 19.6 0.4 3.64 846 0.715 19.9 0.8 3.66 838 0.703 19.5 0.4 3.68 829 0.703 19.5 0.4 3.7 818 0.702 19.5 0.4 3.72 806 0.719 20 0.9 3.74 795 0.699 19.4 0.3 3.76 784 0.713 19.8 0.7 3.78 772 0.708 19.7 0.6 3.8 761 0.708 19.7 0.5 3.82 749 0.714 19.9 0.7 3.84 738 0.712 19.8 0.7 3.86 727 0.709 19.7 0.6 3.88 715 0.725 20.2 1 3.9 704 0.71 19.7 0.6 3.92 693 0.724 20.2 1 3.94 681 0.711 19.8 0.6 3.96 669 0.726 20.2 1.1 3.98 644 0.719 20 0.9 4 618 0.721 20.1 0.9 4.02 592 0.706 19.6 0.5 4.04 567 0.71 19.7 0.6 4.06 541 0.714 19.9 0.7 4.08 516 0.709 19.7 0.6 4.1 490 0.713 19.8 0.7 4.12 465 0.715 19.9 0.8 4.14 439 0.715 19.9 0.8 4.16 414 0.712 19.8 0.7 4.18 388 0.713 19.8 0.7 4.2 362 0.717 19.9 0.8 4.22 337 0.699 19.4 0.3 4.24 311 0.707 19.6 0.5 4.26 286 0.709 19.7 0.6 4.28 260 0.718 20 0.9 4.3 235 0.714 19.8 0.7 4.32 209 0.706 19.6 0.5 4.34 183 0.701 19.5 0.3 4.36 158 0.716 19.9 0.8 4.38 132 0.702 19.5 0.4 4.4 107 0.71 19.7 0.6 4.42 81 0.704 19.6 0.4 4.44 56 0.71 19.7 0.6 4.46 30 0.696 19.3 0.2 4.5 -21 0.709 19.7 0.6 4.52 -47 0.713 19.8 0.7 4.54 -72 0.709 19.7 0.6 4.58 -123 0.702 19.5 0.4 4.62 -174 0.707 19.6 0.5 4.64 -200 0.708 19.7 0.6 4.66 -225 0.699 19.4 0.3 4.7 -257 0.696 19.3 0.2 4.72 -265 0.707 19.7 0.5 4.74 -274 0.709 19.7 0.6 4.78 -291 0.708 19.7 0.5 4.82 -309 0.708 19.7 0.6 4.86 -326 0.708 19.7 0.5 4.88 -335 0.71 19.7 0.6 4.9 -344 0.694 19.3 0.1 4.94 -361 0.71 19.7 0.6 4.98 -378 0.714 19.9 0.7 5.02 -396 0.718 20 0.8 5.06 -413 0.716 19.9 0.8 5.1 -431 0.715 19.9 0.8 5.14 -448 0.713 19.8 0.7 5.18 -465 0.717 19.9 0.8 5.22 -483 0.718 20 0.9 5.26 -500 0.708 19.7 0.6 5.3 -518 0.717 19.9 0.8 Core GeoB6008-2 AgeAD by Pb210 Depth[m] DepthTop DepthBot AgeAD UK`37 SST[C] SSTnorm[C] 0.015 0.01 0.02 1998 0.642 17.7 -0.9 0.025 0.02 0.03 1997 0.644 17.8 -0.8 0.035 0.03 0.04 1995.8 0.654 18.1 -0.6 0.045 0.04 0.05 1994.3 0.652 18 -0.6 0.055 0.05 0.06 1992.6 0.66 18.3 -0.4 0.065 0.06 0.07 1990.7 0.659 18.2 -0.4 0.075 0.07 0.08 1988.6 0.656 18.2 -0.5 0.085 0.08 0.09 1986.3 0.651 18 -0.6 0.095 0.09 0.1 1983.7 0.656 18.2 -0.5 0.105 0.1 0.11 1981.3 0.661 18.3 -0.4 0.115 0.11 0.12 1978.5 0.661 18.3 -0.3 0.125 0.12 0.13 1976.1 0.654 18.1 -0.6 0.135 0.13 0.14 1973.2 0.656 18.1 -0.5 0.145 0.14 0.15 1969.8 0.661 18.3 -0.4 0.155 0.15 0.16 1966.6 0.667 18.5 -0.2 0.165 0.16 0.17 1963.4 0.669 18.5 -0.1 0.175 0.17 0.18 1960 0.669 18.5 -0.1 0.185 0.18 0.19 1957 0.677 18.8 0.1 0.195 0.19 0.2 1953.8 0.671 18.6 -0.1 0.205 0.2 0.21 1950.9 0.678 18.8 0.1 0.215 0.21 0.22 1948.2 0.67 18.6 -0.1 0.225 0.22 0.23 1945.3 0.672 18.6 0 0.235 0.23 0.24 1942.9 0.672 18.6 0 0.245 0.24 0.25 1939.5 0.676 18.7 0.1 0.255 0.25 0.26 1936.6 0.672 18.6 0 0.265 0.26 0.27 1933.5 0.672 18.6 0 0.275 0.27 0.28 1930.3 0.678 18.8 0.1 0.285 0.28 0.29 1927 0.676 18.7 0.1 0.295 0.29 0.3 1923.5 0.68 18.8 0.2 0.315 0.31 0.32 1916.2 0.68 18.9 0.2 0.325 0.32 0.33 1912.9 0.678 18.8 0.1