# Northwestern Atlantic Foraminifera d13C Data over the last Four Millennia
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27891
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mellon2019/mellon2019-msm46_mc4.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL: 
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Data_Type: paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes 
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date:  2019-10-10
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date:  2019-10-10
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# Title
# Study_Name: Northwestern Atlantic Foraminifera d13C Data over the last Four Millennia
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# Investigators
#	Investigators:  Mellon, S.; Kienast, M.; Keigwin, L.; Algar, C.; deMenocal, P.; Kienast, S.S.; Marchitto, T.; Moros, M.; Thomas, H.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description:
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# Publication 
#	Authors: Mellon, S.; Kienast, M.; Algar, C.; deMenocal, P.; Kienast, S.S.; Marchitto, T.; Moros, M.; Thomas, H.
#	Published_Date_or_Year:  2019    
#	Published_Title: Foraminifera trace anthropogenic CO2 into the NW Atlantic by 1950
#	Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters
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#	Edition: 
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#	DOI: 10.1029/2019GL084965
#	Online_Resource: 
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The Northwest Atlantic is a region of major climate change over the 20th century, affected by the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. To assess whether the ability of this region to absorb anthropogenic CO2 is also impacted by this change, we present the region’s first long-term carbon isotope (δ13C) time series of fossil foraminifera spanning the past 4,000 years.  These records reveal an unprecedented negative δ13C excursion driven by anthropogenic CO2 penetration into the surface ocean, the ‘Suess effect’ signal. This signal (amplitude -0.45‰) emerges in 1950 AD±15 with a decrease rate of 0.009±0.001‰/yr. This marine signal is ~30% of the atmospheric Suess effect and emerges over a century later. Based on current estimates of the ratio of δ13CDIC change to DIC change and limited constraints on surface ocean residence times, we calculate a mean anthropogenic CO2 uptake rate of 0.6±0.2 µmol (kg yr)-1 from 1950 to 2005. 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR)
#	Grant:
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Environment and Climate Change Canada
#	Grant:
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
#	Grant:
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS)
#	Grant:
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Clean Nova Scotia
#	Grant:
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: MSM46 MC4 
#	Location: North America>Northwest Atlantic>Gulf of St Lawrence
#	Country: Canada 
# Northernmost_Latitude: 49.283333
# Southernmost_Latitude: 49.283333
# Easternmost_Longitude: -63.983333
# Westernmost_Longitude: -63.983333
# 	Elevation:  -381
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: MSM46-MC4 d13C Mellon2019
#	Earliest_Year:  1865
#	Most_Recent_Year:  2002
#	Time_Unit:  calyrBP
#	Core_Length: 0.30
#	Notes: Core collected August 2015 onboard R/V Maria S. Merian. Measurement precision on d13C N. pachyderma and C. lobatulus: 0.05 per mil
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: For this core we only used Hg data to make the chronology.  See Mellon et al. (2019) for the method used to construct a chronology from the Hg data. The data are provided in "MSM46MC4_Hg.csv".
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# 	ABBREVIATION                  VARIABLE_NAME	UNIT
#	depth			Average depth of sample interval (cm)
#	depth_top		Depth top of sample interval (cm)
#	depth_bottom		Depth bottom of sample interval (cm)
#	Hg			Hg Concentration (µmol/kg)
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# depth	depth_top	depth_bottom	Hg
# 0.5	0	1	76.75
# 1.5	1	2	75.85
# 2.5	2	3	75.61
# 3.5	3	4	74.36
# 4.5	4	5	76.91
# 5.5	5	6	74.08
# 6.5	6	7	73.11
# 7.5	7	8	73.28
# 8.5	8	9	60.36
# 9.5	9	10	49.9
# 10.5	10	11	45.91
# 11.5	11	12	42.73
# 12.5	12	13	39.77
# 13.5	13	14	28.1
# 14.5	14	15	28.47
# 15.5	15	16	26.67
# 16.5	16	17	26.88
# 17.5	17	18	25.55
# 18.5	18	19	26.33
# 19.5	19	20	22.75
# 20.5	20	21	24.23
# 21.5	21	22	22.41
# 22.5	22	23	21.09
# 23.5	23	24	21.55
# 24.5	24	25	21.53
# 25.5	25	26	21.43
# 26.5	26	27	21.4
# 27.5	27	28	19.73
# 28.5	28	29	19.12
# 29.5	29	30	23.33
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# variables format:  shortname	what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information) 
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## depth_cm	depth, ,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## age_calBP	age,,,calendar year before present,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## d13C_Npachy	delta 13C,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma,, per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,corrected,isotope ratio mass spectrometry, N, 
## d13C_Clob	delta 13C,Cibicidoides lobatulus,, per mil VPDB, ,paleoceanography, corrected, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, N, 
## d13C_org	delta 13C,sediment, , per mil VPDB, ,paleoceanography, corrected, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, N,organic carbon
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NA 
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depth_cm	age_calBP	d13C_Npachy	d13C_Clob	d13C_org
0.5	-52	0.67	-0.08	-22.07
1.5	-48	0.66	0	-22.26
2.5	-43	0.63	0.05	-22.45
2.5	-43	NA	0.23	NA
3.5	-38	0.68	0.01	-22.26
3.5	-38	NA	0.1	NA
4.5	-33	0.7	0.13	-22.29
5.5	-29	0.63	0.23	-22.34
6.5	-24	0.7	0.2	-22.22
7.5	-19	0.66	0.28	-22.72
8.5	-14	0.92	0.31	-22.47
8.5	-14	0.85	NA	NA
9.5	-10	NA	NA	-22.21
10.5	-5	NA	0.48	-22.23
11.5	0	NA	NA	-23.09
12.5	5	NA	NA	-22.04
13.5	11	0.78	0.6	-21.94
14.5	16	NA	NA	-21.94
15.5	21	0.87	0.32	-22.06
16.5	26	NA	NA	-22.27
17.5	30	0.8	1	-22.14
18.5	35	NA	NA	-21.74
19.5	40	0.85	0.86	-21.88
19.5	40	0.79	NA	NA
20.5	45	0.84	NA	-22.25
20.5	45	0.71	NA	NA
21.5	50	NA	NA	-22.07
22.5	55	NA	NA	-21.94
23.5	60	0.87	0.64	-22.09
24.5	65	NA	NA	-22.49
25.5	70	NA	NA	-22
26.5	75	0.74	0.48	-22.14
26.5	75	0.96	NA	NA
27.5	80	NA	NA	-22.05
28.5	85	0.86	0.71	-22.1
29.5	90	NA	NA	-22
30.5	95	NA	NA	-22.02
31.5	100	NA	NA	-22