# Atlantic Ocean Stable Isotope, Geochemistry and Cadmium Seawater Data over the last 25,000 years
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
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#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25010
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oppo2018/oppo2018-s3-knr197-3mc.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Archive: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes, geochemistry
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# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2018-08-31
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2018-08-31
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# Title
#    Study_Name: Atlantic Ocean Stable Isotope, Geochemistry and Cadmium Seawater Data over the last 25,000 years
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# Investigators
#      Investigators: Oppo, Delia W. 
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: 
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# Publication
# Authors: Oppo, D.W., Gebbie, G. , Huang, K. , Curry, W.B., Marchitto, T.M. and Pietro, K.R.
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
# Published_Title:  Data Constraints on Glacial Atlantic Water Mass Geometry and Properties
# Journal_Name:  Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
# Volume: 33
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 1013-1034
# Report_Number: 
# DOI: 10.1029/2018PA003408
# Online_Resource: 
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: The chemical composition of benthic foraminifera from marine sediment cores provides information on how glacial subsurface water properties differed from modern, but separating the influence of changes in the origin and end‐member properties of subsurface water from changes in flows and mixing is challenging. Spatial gaps in coverage of glacial data add to the uncertainty. Here we present new data from cores collected from the Demerara Rise in the western tropical North Atlantic, including cores from the modern tropical phosphate maximum at Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) depths. The results suggest lower phosphate concentration and higher carbonate saturation state within the phosphate maximum than modern despite similar carbon isotope values, consistent with less accumulation of respired nutrients and carbon, and reduced air‐sea gas exchange in source waters to the region. An inversion of new and published glacial data confirms these inferences and further suggests that lower preformed nutrients in AAIW, and partial replacement of this still relatively high‐nutrient AAIW with nutrient‐depleted, carbonate‐rich waters sourced from the region of the modern‐day northern subtropics, also contributed to the observed changes. The results suggest that glacial preformed and remineralized phosphate were lower throughout the upper Atlantic, but deep phosphate concentration was higher. The inversion, which relies on the fidelity of the paleoceanographic data, suggests that the partial replacement of North Atlantic sourced deep water by Southern Ocean Water was largely responsible for the apparent deep North Atlantic phosphate increase, rather than greater remineralization.
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#    Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: WHOI Internal
#    Grant: 
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# Site_Information
# Site_Name: KNR197-3 Core set
# Location: North Atlantic Ocean
# Country: 
# Northernmost_Latitude: 8.47
# Southernmost_Latitude: 7.44
# Easternmost_Longitude: -52.76
# Westernmost_Longitude: -53.92
# Elevation: 
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: KNR197-3 Coretops Isotopes S3 Oppo2018
#   First_Year: 
#   Last_Year: 
#   Time_Unit: 
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
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# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
## core	sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,
## lat	latitude,,,degree north,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## lon	longitude,,,degree east,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## water_depth	collection water depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,water depth at core location
## species	notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Species used for isotope analysis
## d13C_Cib	delta 13C,Cibicidoides sp.,,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## omitted_d13C	notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,N,d13C value that was omitted from analysis
## d13C_Cib_mean	delta 13C,Cibicidoides sp.,,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,,N,mean d13C value for the core listed
## d13C_Cib_err	delta 13C,Cibicidoides sp.,standard error,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## d18O_Cib	delta 18O,Cibicidoides sp.,,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## d18O_Cib_mean	delta 18O,Cibicidoides sp.,,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,,N,mean d18O value for the core listed
## d18O_Cib_err	delta 18O,Cibicidoides sp.,standard error,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,,N,
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NA
core	lat	lon	water_depth	species	d13C_Cib	omitted_d13C	d13C_Cib_mean	d13C_Cib_err	d18O_Cib	d18O_Cib_mean	d18O_Cib_err	
KNR197-3-24MC	7.59	-53.92	383	C. pachyderma	0.876822	NA	NA	NA	1.689842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-24MC	7.59	-53.92	383	C. pachyderma	1.055554	NA	NA	NA	1.938265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-24MC	7.59	-53.92	383	C. pachyderma	0.838822	NA	NA	NA	1.770842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-24MC	7.59	-53.92	383	C. pachyderma	0.495554	NA	0.817	0.117	2.247265	1.912	0.123	
KNR197-3-2MC	7.66	-53.82	556	C. pachyderma	0.404822	NA	NA	NA	1.862842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-2MC	7.66	-53.82	556	C. pachyderma	0.392554	NA	NA	NA	1.865265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-2MC	7.66	-53.82	556	C. pachyderma	0.405822	NA	NA	NA	2.081842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-2MC	7.66	-53.82	556	C. pachyderma	0.371554	NA	0.394	0.008	1.852265	1.916	0.056	
KNR197-3-26MC	7.72	-53.78	704	C. pachyderma	0.497554	NA	NA	NA	1.692265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-26MC	7.72	-53.78	704	C. pachyderma	0.595822	NA	0.547	NA	2.062842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-28MC	7.84	-53.668	962	C. pachyderma	0.543822	NA	NA	0.026	2.294842	NA	0.116	
KNR197-3-28MC	7.84	-53.668	962	C. pachyderma	0.519554	NA	NA	NA	2.358265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-28MC	7.84	-53.668	962	C. pachyderma	0.711822	NA	NA	NA	2.389842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-28MC	7.84	-53.668	962	C. pachyderma	0.459554	NA	0.559	0.054	2.322265	2.341	0.021	
KNR197-3-17MC	7.44	-52.76	1029	C. pachyderma	1.002822	NA	NA	NA	2.286842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-17MC	7.44	-52.76	1029	C. pachyderma	0.674554	NA	NA	NA	2.484265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-17MC	7.44	-52.76	1029	C. pachyderma	0.997554	NA	0.892	0.109	2.685265	2.485	0.115	
KNR197-3-10MC	7.94	-53.58	1107	C. pachyderma	0.892554	NA	NA	NA	2.066265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-10MC	7.94	-53.58	1107	C. pachyderma	0.710822	NA	NA	NA	2.448842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-10MC	7.94	-53.58	1107	C. pachyderma	NA	-0.252446	0.802	0.091	2.804265	2.440	0.213	
KNR197-3-30MC	8.03	-53.485	1197	C. pachyderma	0.824554	NA	NA	NA	2.479265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-30MC	8.03	-53.485	1197	C. pachyderma	0.909554	NA	0.867	0.043	2.336265	2.408	0.071	
KNR197-3-33MC	8.25	-53.24	1275	C. pachyderma	1.035554	NA	NA	NA	2.555265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-33MC	8.25	-53.24	1275	C. pachyderma	1.126822	NA	NA	NA	2.415842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-33MC	8.25	-53.24	1275	C. pachyderma	0.896554	NA	1.020	0.067	2.441265	2.471	0.043	
KNR197-3-7MC	8.36	-53.21	1452	C. pachyderma	1.030822	NA	NA	NA	2.554842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-7MC	8.36	-53.21	1452	C. pachyderma	NA	-0.018446	1.031	NA	3.116265	2.836	0.281	
KNR197-3-63MC	8.35	-53.11	1720	C. wuellerstorfi	1.172822	NA	NA	NA	2.622842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-63MC	8.35	-53.11	1720	C. wuellerstorfi	1.096554	NA	NA	NA	2.450265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-63MC	8.35	-53.11	1720	C. wuellerstorfi	1.309822	NA	NA	NA	2.435842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-63MC	8.35	-53.11	1720	C. wuellerstorfi-RB	1.215554	NA	1.199	0.044	2.456265	2.491	0.044	
KNR197-3-41MC	8.38	-53.05	2052	C. wuellerstorfi	0.719822	NA	NA	NA	2.511842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-41MC	8.38	-53.05	2052	C. wuellerstorfi	1.375554	NA	NA	NA	2.765265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-41MC	8.38	-53.05	2052	C. wuellerstorfi	1.194822	NA	NA	NA	2.365842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-41MC	8.38	-53.05	2052	C. wuellerstorfi	1.253554	NA	1.136	0.144	2.467265	2.528	0.085	
KNR197-3-37MC	8.43	-52.79	2440	C. wuellerstorfi	1.370822	NA	NA	NA	2.541842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-37MC	8.43	-52.79	2440	C. wuellerstorfi	1.446554	NA	NA	NA	2.721265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-37MC	8.43	-52.79	2440	C. wuellerstorfi	1.343822	NA	1.387	0.031	2.653842	2.639	0.052	
KNR197-3-61MC	8.44	-52.97	2643	C. wuellerstorfi	NA	0.122822	NA	NA	2.817842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-61MC	8.44	-52.97	2643	C. wuellerstorfi	NA	0.579554	NA	NA	2.936265	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-61MC	8.44	-52.97	2643	C. wuellerstorfi	1.196822	NA	1.197	NA	2.783842	2.846	0.046	
KNR197-3-35MC	8.47	-52.79	3328	C. wuellerstorfi	1.175822	NA	NA	NA	2.650842	NA	NA	
KNR197-3-35MC	8.47	-52.79	3328	C. wuellerstorfi	1.163554	NA	1.170	0.006	2.814265	2.733	0.082