# Western North America LGM Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18015 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015recon.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-02-23 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Western North America LGM Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Oster, J.L.; Ibarra, D.E.; Winnick, M.J.; Maher, K. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Synthesis of hydoclimatic proxy records for western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum, # indicating wet or dry hydroclimatic conditions relative to today from proxy reconstructions. Proxies table # contains the locations and hydroclimate state at the LGM from a collection of proxy records. The "category" # column indicates whether the proxy captured drier (d)/unchanged(u)/wetter(w)/or unclear (u) at the LGM # relative to modern conditions. The "proxies" column describes the methods used to determine hydroclimatic # response at each location. The "approx. chronological error column provides the uncertainty on chronology # for each record. References are numbered and are given in the Reference table. The "Ensemble Averages" table # provides the average percent change in annual precipitation, precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-ET), # and temperature between the LGM and the preindustrial simulation. See Oster et al., (2015) for more details. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jessica L. Oster, Daniel E. Ibarra, Matthew J. Winnick and Katharine Maher # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-02-23 # Published_Title: Steering of westerly storms over western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2365 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The hydroclimate history of North America includes the formation and desiccation of large inland lakes and the growth and ablation of glaciers throughout the Quaternary period. At the Last Glacial Maximum, expanded pluvial lakes in the south and aridity in the northwest suggest that the winter westerly storm track was displaced southwards and migrated northwards as the Laurentide Ice Sheet waned. However, lake highstands do not occur synchronously along zonal bands, in conflict with this hypothesis. Here we compile a network of precipitation proxy reconstructions from lakes, speleothems, groundwater deposits, pack rat middens and glaciers from the western and southwestern US, which we compare with an ensemble of climate simulations to identify the controls of regional hydroclimatic change. The proxy records suggest a precipitation dipole during the Last Glacial Maximum, with wetter than modern conditions in the southwest and drier conditions near the ice sheet, and a northwest-southeast trending transition zone across the northern Great Basin. The models that simulate a weaker and south-shifted Aleutian low-pressure system, a strong North Pacific high-pressure system, and a high above the ice sheet best reproduce this regional variation. We therefore conclude that rather than a uniformly south-shifted storm track, a stronger jet that is squeezed and steered across the continent by high-pressure systems best explains the observed regional hydroclimate patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS1203701, EAR0921134 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Western North America # Location: North America # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 47.61 # Southernmost_Latitude: 31.30 # Easternmost_Longitude: -105.14 # Westernmost_Longitude: -124.07 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Oster2015recon # Earliest_Year: 23000 # Most_Recent_Year: 19000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # # # # # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##location Location,,,,,,,,C ##type Record Type,,,,,,,,C ##long Longitude, , , degrees west, , , , ,N ##lat Latitude, , , degrees north, , , , ,N ##category Category,,,,,, drier (d)/unchanged(u)/wetter(w)/or unclear (u) at the LGM relative to modern conditions,,C ##Dprecip Delta precipitation, , , %, , , Ensemble Average Delta Precipitation LGM vs. Modern, ,N ##Dprecip-err Delta precipitation error, , , %, , , Ensemble Average Delta Precipitation LGM vs. Modern, ,N ##Dp-et Delta precipitation minus evapotranspiration, , , %, , , Ensemble Average Delta Precipitation minus evapotranspiration LGM vs. Modern, ,N ##Dp-et-err Delta precipitation minus evapotranspiration error, , , %, , , Ensemble Average Delta Precipitation minus evapotranspiration LGM vs. Modern, ,N ##Dmat Delta mean annual temperature, , , degrees C, , , Ensemble Average Delta mean annual temperature LGM vs. Modern, ,N ##Dmat-err Delta mean annual temperature error, , , degrees C, , , Ensemble Average Delta mean annual temperature LGM vs. Modern, ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # Ensemble averages of precipitation interpolation results. Units are in percent (%) (LGM/Modern) with 1sigma ensemble spread. # location type long lat category Dprecip Dprecip-err Dp-et Dp-et-err Dmat Dmat-err Olympic Mountains Glacier -124.070 47.606 d 85.41 39.60 92.37 39.53 -10.36 3.82 Puget Lobe Glacier -122.010 47.530 d 78.20 32.00 94.52 28.68 -12.36 3.68 Central Montana ranges Glacier -111.300 47.500 w 55.22 19.17 199.77 263.44 -19.73 5.82 Carp Lake Flora -120.883 45.917 d 90.26 45.02 124.53 44.86 -10.16 4.06 Western Montana ranges Glacier -113.900 45.750 d 68.54 25.00 139.82 194.30 -12.85 4.86 Yellowstone Glacier -110.500 45.490 u 71.37 22.34 187.42 224.70 -14.66 5.60 Wallowa Mountains Glacier -117.320 45.200 u 81.67 44.61 112.64 80.88 -9.90 4.18 Yelllowstone Speleothem -110.700 44.970 d 80.69 24.88 195.87 203.53 -13.30 5.11 Strawberry Mountains Glacier -118.793 44.303 u 93.82 38.33 124.97 61.09 -8.02 3.29 Little Lake Flora -123.583 44.167 d 103.79 43.77 104.52 40.32 -5.14 2.54 Sawtooth Mountains Glacier -114.900 43.950 u 94.08 33.15 149.53 89.36 -9.46 3.52 Steens Mountain Glacier -118.580 43.667 n 97.93 37.42 130.08 57.08 -7.56 2.85 Wind River Range Glacier -109.636 43.536 u 99.57 33.71 225.94 171.49 -11.38 4.14 Wind River Terraces Soil -108.500 43.500 d 91.06 29.71 206.67 169.43 -11.65 4.61 Fort Rock/Alkali Lake Lake -121.074 43.372 u 108.53 36.41 131.61 45.12 -6.51 2.50 Gray's Lake Flora -111.500 43.083 w 99.73 30.49 168.92 90.38 -9.48 3.45 Lake Chewaucan Flora -120.545 42.693 n 110.72 34.21 138.32 36.17 -6.46 2.39 Pine Forest Range Glacier -118.750 42.667 n 104.13 36.32 142.65 49.46 -7.00 2.47 Lake Alvord Lake -118.592 42.358 n 105.48 37.87 145.78 53.34 -6.97 2.43 Bear Lake Flora -111.308 41.950 w 106.14 35.19 169.78 70.54 -8.58 3.04 Tule Lake Lake -121.480 41.950 d 117.28 34.99 141.45 37.07 -5.88 2.19 Lake Surprise Lake -120.173 41.529 w 117.48 36.21 155.81 34.55 -6.41 2.17 Lake Bonneville (Great Salt Lake) Lake -113.800 40.800 w 116.84 46.88 242.74 150.91 -7.54 2.59 Lake Bonneville (Bonneville Flats) Lake -113.800 40.800 n 116.84 46.88 242.74 150.91 -7.54 2.59 Lake Bonneville (Bonneville Flats) Flora -113.800 40.800 u 116.84 46.88 242.74 150.91 -7.54 2.59 Clover Lake Lake -114.841 40.788 w 115.57 41.03 198.45 121.15 -7.36 2.52 Northern Uinta Mountains Glacier -110.373 40.776 w 111.39 42.81 214.45 149.45 -8.31 3.06 Western Uinta Mountains Glacier -111.000 40.660 w 114.01 49.34 226.82 164.93 -8.15 2.99 Uinta Mountains Glacier -110.430 40.600 n 112.83 46.04 231.68 179.61 -8.25 3.09 Ruby Mountains Glacier -115.500 40.500 n 116.48 40.78 223.68 179.05 -7.18 2.42 Wasatch Mountains Glacier -111.750 40.430 w 120.00 63.40 267.08 228.84 -7.84 2.78 Lake Franklin Lake -115.398 40.359 u 117.15 40.94 211.46 142.52 -7.17 2.40 Ruby Marshes Flora -115.416 40.280 d 117.44 41.05 203.30 123.07 -7.15 2.39 Lake Lahontan (Lake Winnemucca) Lake -119.340 40.122 w 126.26 48.17 180.71 69.60 -6.49 2.08 Lake Lahontan (Pyramid Lake) Lake -119.564 40.062 w 127.82 48.02 183.68 68.94 -6.44 2.07 Lake Lahontan (Carson Sink) Flora -118.347 39.878 d 125.22 52.70 186.44 87.50 -6.73 2.23 Deep Creek Mountains Glacier -113.833 39.833 w 121.87 49.14 268.94 190.23 -7.31 2.38 Lake Lahontan (~Center) Lake -118.500 39.800 w 126.47 52.82 187.70 89.39 -6.71 2.22 Diamond Valley Soil -115.973 39.759 w 120.27 43.62 179.95 77.67 -7.00 2.26 Newark Valley Soil -115.722 39.683 w 120.23 42.94 181.56 79.26 -7.03 2.26 Lake Newark Lake -115.722 39.683 u 120.23 42.94 181.56 79.26 -7.03 2.26 Spring Lake Lake -114.429 39.479 w 121.72 45.02 196.69 92.86 -7.16 2.27 Roaring Fork-Front range Glacier -107.330 39.140 d 111.57 40.66 217.33 133.12 -8.17 2.86 lake Lahontan (Walker Subbasin) Lake -118.827 38.866 w 138.03 58.44 232.16 120.13 -6.87 2.38 Elk and Sawatch Mountains Glacier -106.500 38.800 n 112.23 46.78 221.95 154.34 -8.26 2.94 Fish Lake Plateau Glacier -111.700 38.610 w 125.42 44.36 252.11 118.51 -7.43 2.39 Tushar Mountains Glacier -112.500 38.417 w 129.03 44.76 265.38 170.68 -7.29 2.30 Boulder Mountain Glacier -111.400 38.160 u 126.49 42.12 243.87 98.40 -7.38 2.36 Lake Columbus Lake -117.900 38.110 w 146.32 66.32 290.73 239.85 -7.15 2.50 Sangre de Cristo (West) Glacier -105.720 38.100 d 114.38 53.32 232.82 186.75 -8.06 2.86 Lake Russell (Mono Lake) Lake -119.009 38.017 w 150.17 64.72 345.92 285.02 -7.04 2.58 San Juan Mountains Glacier -107.800 37.900 d 115.07 40.44 216.52 113.82 -7.63 2.43 Fish Lake Valley Soil -118.078 37.695 w 154.75 70.94 638.77 1222.72 -7.38 2.75 White Mountains Packrat -118.256 37.634 w 155.76 70.65 788.42 1671.71 -7.36 2.74 Sierra Nevada (Bishop Creek) Glacier -118.600 37.225 u 158.80 66.47 320.80 198.03 -7.14 2.67 Sangre de Cristo Mountains (East) Glacier -105.142 37.163 n 119.93 60.80 279.66 238.13 -7.75 2.73 Nevada Test Site Flora -116.050 37.117 w 141.47 52.95 324.84 355.37 -6.76 1.97 Yucca Mountain Packrat -116.485 36.940 w 146.90 56.01 382.57 435.90 -6.79 2.04 Owens Lake Lake -118.200 36.803 w 162.15 66.01 323.84 132.18 -7.24 3.07 Alabama Hills Packrat -118.090 36.600 w 163.46 65.07 747.08 1296.60 -7.19 3.26 Death Valley Packrat -117.000 36.500 w 155.58 57.61 468.53 554.51 -6.77 2.30 Southern Nevada Lake -115.400 36.400 w 142.57 46.45 334.41 336.25 -6.38 1.79 Devils Hole Speleothem -116.291 36.400 w 150.20 52.46 406.53 428.39 -6.45 1.86 Lake Manly Lake -116.827 36.220 w 156.44 55.29 473.22 527.11 -6.52 2.11 Lake Manix Lake -116.700 35.977 u 157.46 53.52 488.59 531.03 -6.30 1.93 Searles Lake Lake -117.335 35.760 w 164.59 55.79 656.87 737.76 -6.25 2.18 Silurian Valley Lake -116.250 35.600 w 158.00 49.40 577.15 664.75 -5.99 1.65 Barstow Soil -117.017 34.900 w 169.35 50.79 609.88 829.96 -5.54 1.51 Lake Estancia Lake -106.000 34.900 w 125.20 56.98 406.68 311.31 -6.89 2.23 Lake Thompson Lake -118.060 34.800 w 176.22 53.84 313.24 94.57 -5.31 1.56 Baldwin Lake Lake -116.797 34.280 w 164.30 44.08 297.48 137.47 -5.22 1.30 San Bernardino Mountains Glacier -116.825 34.099 w 163.10 43.54 328.39 185.70 -5.10 1.25 San Bernardino Mountains Lake -116.825 34.099 w 163.10 43.54 328.39 185.70 -5.10 1.25 San Agustin Basin Lake -108.251 33.875 w 121.77 32.66 354.09 272.99 -6.40 1.71 Fort Stanton Cave Speleothem -105.500 33.400 w 123.92 57.01 488.36 538.36 -6.44 2.24 Peloncillo Range Packrat -109.000 32.300 w 120.26 27.10 382.87 282.49 -5.61 1.36 Lake Cochise Lake -109.922 32.114 u 122.97 27.18 343.20 196.17 -5.45 1.25 Cave of the Bells Speleothem -110.750 31.750 w 124.55 28.15 285.96 128.02 -5.20 1.16 Lake Cloverdale Lake -108.807 31.300 w 116.17 24.70 344.21 205.83 -5.29 1.28