Eastern Equatorial Pacific 35KYr Paleonutrient Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Eastern Equatorial Pacific 35KYr Paleonutrient Data LAST UPDATE: 12/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Pichevin, L.E., B.C. Reynolds, R.S. Ganeshram, I. Cacho, L. Pena, K. Keefe and R.M. Ellam. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-146 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Pichevin, L., et al. 2009. Eastern Equatorial Pacific 35KYr Paleonutrient Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-146. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Pichevin, L.E., B.C. Reynolds, R.S. Ganeshram, I. Cacho, L. Pena, K. Keefe and R.M. Ellam. 2009. Enhanced carbon pump inferred from relaxation of nutrient limitation in the glacial ocean. Nature, Vol 459, pp. 1114-1117, 25 June 2009. doi:10.1038/nature08101 ABSTRACT: The modern Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean is a large oceanic source of carbon to the atmosphere. Primary productivity over large areas of the EEP is limited by silicic acid and iron availability, and because of this constraint the organic carbon export to the deep ocean is unable to compensate for the outgassing of carbon dioxide that occurs through upwelling of deep waters. It has been suggested that the delivery of dust-borne iron to the glacial ocean could have increased primary productivity and enhanced deep-sea carbon export in this region, lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during glacial periods. Such a role for the EEP is supported by higher organic carbon burial rates documented in underlying glacial sediments, but lower opal accumulation rates cast doubts on the importance of the EEP as an oceanic region for significant glacial carbon dioxide drawdown. Here we present a new silicon isotope record that suggests the paradoxical decline in opal accumulation rate in the glacial EEP results from a decrease in the silicon to carbon uptake ratio of diatoms under conditions of increased iron availability from enhanced dust input. Consequently, our study supports the idea of an invigorated biological pump in this region during the last glacial period that could have contributed to glacial carbon dioxide drawdown. Additionally, using evidence from silicon and nitrogen isotope changes, we infer that, in contrast to the modern situation, the biological productivity in this region is not constrained by the availability of iron, silicon and nitrogen during the glacial period. We hypothesize that an invigorated biological carbon dioxide pump constrained perhaps only by phosphorus limitation was a more common occurrence in low-latitude areas of the glacial ocean. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern Equatorial Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 35 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Scottish Alliance for Geoscience Environment Society (SAGES), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(to R.S.G. and L.E.P.), Marie Curie Intra-European fellowship (to L.E.P.), ROMIAT and GRACCIE-CONSOLIDER projects (to I.C. and L.P.). DESCRIPTION: Carbon, nitrogen, and silicon concentration and isotopic data from the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) over the last 35KYr. These paleonutrient data are interpreted as evidence of an enhanced carbon pump in the EEQ operating during glacial times. Core location: Core ODP 202 1240 A: 0°01.31'N, 86°27.76'W, 2,921 m water depth North of Carnegie Ridge in the Panama Basin. DATA: 1. C-N elemental and isotopic composition data, Core ODP 202 1240 Age,cal Elemental %Comp Sample name Depth Depth Years %Comp (C) (C) (N) (C13) (N15) Top,cm Bot,cm Tot(C) Corg Cinorg% Norg% permil permil CaCO3% opal% 202-1240A-1H1, 2-3 2 3 2077.48 8.257 0.992 7.27 0.158 -21.915 6.218 60.54 22.62 202-1240A-1H1, 5-6 5 6 2498.92 7.945 0.929 7.02 0.159 -21.653 6.416 58.47 15.92 202-1240A-1H1, 6-7 6 7 2639.40 8.713 1.153 7.56 0.198 -21.338 6.281 63.00 19.37 202-1240A-1H1-7-8 7 8 2779.88 8.083 1.115 6.97 0.176 -21.513 6.206 58.07 202-1240A-1H1-8-9 8 9 2920.35 7.833 0.925 6.91 0.154 -21.952 5.031 57.57 15.66 202-1240A-1H1-9-10 9 10 3060.83 8.232 1.064 7.17 0.176 -21.942 5.477 59.73 202-1240A-1H1-10-11 10 11 3201.31 8.253 1.006 7.25 0.166 -21.696 5.999 60.39 11.63 202-1240A-1H1-15-16 15 16 3903.71 8.949 0.923 8.03 0.162 -21.765 6.139 66.88 17.47 202-1240A-1H1-20-21 20 21 4606.10 8.202 0.947 7.26 0.156 -22.111 5.286 60.46 18.21 202-1240A-1H1-25-26 25 26 5308.50 8.346 0.868 7.48 0.154 -21.947 5.160 62.32 16.27 202-1240A-1H1-30-31 30 31 5675.55 8.354 0.912 7.44 0.158 -21.405 5.479 62.02 19.26 202-1240A-1H1-35-36 35 36 6042.60 8.550 0.859 7.69 0.157 -21.442 5.404 64.09 16.55 202-1240A-1H1-40-41 40 41 6409.65 8.765 0.983 7.78 0.162 -21.800 6.045 64.85 12.77 202-1240A-1H1-45-46 45 46 6776.70 8.416 0.892 7.52 0.142 -21.783 5.515 62.70 10.50 202-1240A-1H1-55-56 55 56 7510.80 8.496 1.169 7.33 0.169 -21.997 61.06 12.02 202-1240A-1H1-60-61 60 61 7877.85 7.850 1.134 6.72 0.131 -20.382 5.724 55.97 20.74 202-1240A-1H1-65-66 65 66 8244.90 8.049 0.912 7.14 0.115 -21.615 5.279 59.47 14.40 202-1240A-1H1-70-71 70 71 8611.95 8.458 0.933 7.53 0.117 -21.121 5.230 62.71 18.83 202-1240A-1H1-75-76 75 76 8979.00 7.979 1.140 6.84 0.147 -21.470 4.848 56.99 13.77 202-1240A-1H1-80-81 80 81 9176.69 7.811 1.311 6.50 0.147 -21.825 5.660 54.17 16.43 202-1240A-1H1-85-86 85 86 9374.38 8.314 1.511 6.80 0.190 -22.493 5.847 56.69 22.00 202-1240A-1H1-90-91 90 91 9572.06 8.615 1.443 7.17 0.193 -22.695 5.637 59.77 16.10 202-1240A-1H1-95-96 95 96 9769.75 8.224 1.645 6.58 0.186 -20.598 5.302 54.82 11.01 202-1240A-1H1-100-1 100 101 9967.44 6.785 1.725 5.06 0.198 -20.847 4.976 42.17 20.42 202-1240A-1H1-105-1 105 106 10165.13 8.026 1.501 6.53 0.190 -22.624 5.498 54.37 15.49 202-1240A-1H1-110-1 110 111 10362.81 7.333 1.781 5.55 0.208 -22.949 5.365 46.27 19.53 202-1240A-1H1-115-1 115 116 10560.50 7.165 1.439 5.73 0.163 -20.057 5.604 47.72 15.17 202-1240A-1H1-120-1 120 121 10935.70 6.970 1.395 5.58 0.144 -18.509 5.211 46.46 23.16 202-1240A-1H1-125-1 125 126 11310.91 6.627 1.440 5.19 0.166 -21.911 5.153 43.22 22.14 202-1240A-1H1-130-1 130 131 11686.11 8.422 1.017 7.41 0.164 -21.563 5.014 61.71 16.04 202-1240A-1H1-135-1 135 136 12061.31 7.766 1.523 6.24 0.179 -21.021 5.471 52.02 17.29 202-1240A-1H1-140-1 140 141 12436.51 7.791 1.023 6.77 0.131 -20.957 5.418 56.40 23.11 202-1240A-1H2-1-2 152 153 13337.00 8.002 1.757 6.25 0.234 -22.030 5.547 52.04 20.81 202-1240A-1H2-5-6 156 157 13572.00 8.166 1.493 6.67 0.208 -22.078 5.596 55.61 19.37 202-1240A-1H2-10-11 161 162 13865.75 8.465 1.837 6.63 0.197 -23.264 5.834 55.23 18.61 202-1240A-1H2-15-16 166 167 14159.50 8.393 1.305 7.09 0.174 -22.158 5.887 59.07 18.67 202-1240A-1H2-20-21 171 172 14453.25 8.735 1.370 7.37 0.189 -22.081 5.680 61.37 18.39 202-1240A-1H2-25-26 176 177 14747.00 8.808 1.201 7.61 0.178 -22.293 63.39 18.71 202-1240A-1H2-30-31 181 182 15030.33 9.026 1.296 7.73 0.177 -22.370 6.156 64.42 18.88 202-1240A-1H2-35-36 186 187 15313.67 9.031 1.441 7.59 0.193 -22.177 5.805 63.25 27.45 202-1240A-1H2-40-41 191 192 15597.00 9.670 1.918 7.75 0.270 -22.341 5.960 64.60 20.16 202-1240A-1H2-45-46 196 197 15880.33 9.589 1.928 7.66 0.246 -22.421 5.359 63.84 16.01 202-1240A-1H2-50-51 201 202 16163.67 8.985 2.156 6.83 0.261 -21.519 4.698 56.91 19.49 202-1240A-1H2-55-56 206 207 16447.00 9.284 2.501 6.78 0.284 -21.587 4.672 56.52 21.90 202-1240A-1H2-60-61 211 212 16730.33 9.664 2.630 7.03 0.294 -21.420 4.460 58.62 21.17 202-1240A-1H2-65-66 216 217 17013.67 9.603 2.842 6.76 0.317 -21.344 4.390 56.34 21.72 202-1240A-1H2-70-71 221 222 17297.00 10.038 2.892 7.15 0.321 -21.136 4.429 59.55 17.22 202-1240A-1H2-75-76 226 227 17345.50 9.925 2.332 7.59 0.290 -21.550 4.515 63.27 18.92 202-1240A-1H2-80-81 231 232 17394.00 9.933 2.634 7.30 0.312 -21.426 60.82 16.54 202-1240A-1H2-85-86 236 237 17693.00 9.985 2.461 7.52 0.276 -21.136 4.350 62.70 13.09 202-1240A-1H2-90-91 241 242 17992.00 9.880 2.597 7.28 0.290 -21.116 3.789 60.69 13.68 202-1240A-1H2-95-96 246 247 18291.00 10.155 2.598 7.56 0.308 -21.110 3.768 62.97 15.46 202-1240A-1H2-100-1 251 252 18590.00 9.852 2.366 7.49 0.281 -20.921 3.838 62.38 16.19 202-1240A-1H2-105-1 256 257 18889.00 9.757 2.288 7.47 0.281 -21.923 2.541 62.24 13.00 202-1240A-1H2-110-1 261 262 19188.00 9.846 2.163 7.68 0.279 -21.446 64.02 15.58 202-1240A-1H2-115-1 266 267 19487.00 9.931 2.568 7.36 0.269 -18.045 3.603 61.36 17.56 202-1240A-1H2-120-1 271 272 19756.42 9.930 2.754 7.18 0.315 -20.633 3.324 59.80 13.24 202-1240A-1H3-1-2 283 284 20403.04 9.598 2.450 7.15 0.298 -20.510 3.846 59.57 14.99 202-1240A-1H3-5-6 287 288 20618.58 9.622 2.572 7.05 0.307 -20.440 3.639 58.75 15.11 202-1240A-1H3-10-11 292 293 20888.00 9.658 2.825 6.83 0.325 -20.516 4.142 56.94 20.34 202-1240A-1H3-15-16 297 298 21168.10 9.284 2.206 7.08 0.268 -20.564 3.268 58.98 19.63 202-1240A-1H3-20-21 302 303 21448.20 9.957 2.274 7.68 0.269 -21.040 3.503 64.02 11.39 202-1240A-1H3-30-31 312 313 22008.40 9.064 2.201 6.86 0.254 -20.803 3.822 57.19 8.82 202-1240A-1H3-35-36 317 318 22288.50 8.959 2.193 6.77 0.253 -20.896 2.984 56.38 7.53 202-1240A-1H3-40-41 322 323 22939.31 9.119 1.916 7.20 0.235 -20.991 3.089 60.02 9.41 202-1240A-1H3-45-46 327 328 23590.12 9.270 1.557 7.71 0.195 -21.025 3.401 64.27 15.90 202-1240A-1H3-50-51 332 333 24240.93 9.155 1.568 7.59 0.206 -21.030 3.203 63.22 8.50 202-1240A-1H3-55-56 337 338 24891.74 8.803 1.905 6.90 0.222 -21.060 3.639 57.48 20.65 202-1240A-1HCC-1-2 342 343 25542.54 9.044 1.675 7.37 0.202 -21.283 3.759 61.41 14.85 202-1240A-1HCC-5-6 346 347 26063.19 9.112 1.742 7.37 0.211 -21.153 3.326 61.42 17.93 202-1240A-1HCC-10-1 351 352 26714.00 9.356 2.140 7.22 0.253 -21.068 3.244 60.13 17.93 202-1240A-2H1-5-6 355 356 27234.65 8.514 1.288 7.23 0.167 -20.935 4.003 60.22 19.32 202-1240A-2H1-10-11 360 361 27885.46 8.602 1.194 7.41 0.173 -22.035 3.685 61.73 19.50 202-1240A-2H1-15-16 365 366 28536.26 8.428 1.522 6.91 0.201 -22.237 57.55 21.28 202-1240A-2H1-20-21 370 371 29187.07 9.902 1.201 8.70 0.149 -20.781 3.507 72.51 17.79 202-1240A-2H1-25-26 375 376 29837.88 8.493 1.129 7.36 0.153 -20.873 3.592 61.37 19.06 202-1240A-2H1-30-31 380 381 30488.69 8.815 1.069 7.75 0.155 -20.665 3.493 64.55 16.88 202-1240A-2H1-35-36 385 386 31139.50 8.718 1.113 7.61 0.170 -20.769 2.798 63.37 13.83 202-1240A-2H1-40-41 390 391 31790.31 8.793 1.092 7.70 0.148 -22.610 3.173 64.17 16.98 202-1240A-2H1-45-46 395 396 32441.12 8.800 1.160 7.64 0.167 -21.363 63.67 18.08 2. Si Isotope Data, Core ODP 202 1240 Depth in cm, isotopes in per mil Sample name DepthTop DepthBot AgeYrBP d30Si 2stdev 1stdev d29Si 2stdev avg.d30Si 202-1240A-1H1, 4-5 4 5 2358 1.40 0.13 0.07 0.65 0.07 1.40 202-1240A-1H1, 40-41 40 41 6410 1.21 0.03 0.02 0.67 0.08 1.21 202-1240A-1H2-30-31 181 182 15030 1.36 0.13 0.07 0.74 0.05 1.28 202-1240A-1H2-30-31 181 182 15030 1.20 0.03 0.02 0.59 0.09 1.28 202-1240A-1H2-45-46 196 197 15880 1.27 0.14 0.07 0.72 0.09 1.20 202-1240A-1H2-45-46 196 197 15880 1.13 0.08 0.04 0.56 0.04 1.20 202-1240A-1H2-70-71 221 222 17297 1.24 0.06 0.03 0.63 0.11 1.24 202-1240A-1H2-90-91 241 242 17992 1.08 0.12 0.06 0.53 0.06 1.03 202-1240A-1H2-90-91 241 242 17992 0.98 0.08 0.04 0.50 0.03 1.03 202-1240A-1H2-100-101 251 252 18590 0.94 0.09 0.05 0.45 0.06 0.94 202-1240A-1H2-100-101 251 252 18590 0.94 0.06 0.03 0.43 0.03 0.94 202-1240A-1H2-120-121 271 272 19756 0.97 0.07 0.04 0.48 0.05 0.97 202-1240A-1H3-15-16 297 298 21168 0.95 0.10 0.05 0.55 0.05 0.95 202-1240A-1H3-15-16 297 298 21168 0.95 0.14 0.07 0.48 0.05 0.95 202-1240A-1H3-45-46 327 328 23590 0.81 0.07 0.03 0.39 0.04 0.81 202-1240A-1H3-56-57 338 339 25022 0.85 0.14 0.07 0.45 0.05 0.79 202-1240A-1H3-56-57 338 339 25022 0.78 0.14 0.07 0.40 0.04 0.79 202-1240A-1H3-56-57 338 339 25022 0.75 0.05 0.03 0.39 0.06 0.79 202-1240A-2H1-5-6 355 356 27235 0.86 0.16 0.08 0.43 0.11 0.80 202-1240A-2H1-5-6 355 356 27235 0.74 0.10 0.05 0.39 0.04 0.80 202-1240A-2H1-25-26 375 376 29838 0.91 0.10 0.05 0.43 0.10 0.91 202-1240A-2H1-60-61 410 411 34394 1.02 0.06 0.03 0.54 0.05 1.02