North Atlantic Pleistocene Isotope Records --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: North Atlantic Pleistocene Isotope Records LAST UPDATE: 8/2004 (Correction to file s984ageSBP90isoadj.txt. A compilation error at BU resulted in incorrect species adjustments in the 75-121 mcd interval. File descriptions were also expanded at this time.) CONTRIBUTOR: Maureen E. Raymo, Boston University IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-020 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Raymo, M.E., et al.. 2004. North Atlantic Pleistocene Isotope Records, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2004-020. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Raymo, M.E., D.W. Oppo, B.P. Flower, D.A. Hodell, J.F. McManus, K.A. Venz, K.F. Kleiven, and K. McIntyre. 2004. Stability of North Atlantic water masses in face of pronounced climate variability during the Pleistocene. Paleoceanography, Vol. 19, PA2008, doi:10.1029/2003PA000921. ABSTRACT: Geochemical profiles from the North Atlantic Ocean suggest that the vertical d13C structure of the water column at intermediate depths did not change significantly between glacial and interglacial time over much of the Pleistocene, despite large changes in ice volume and iceberg delivery from nearby landmasses. The most anomalous d13C profiles are from the extreme interglaciations of the late Pleistocene. This compilation of data suggests that, unlike today (an extreme interglaciation), the two primary sources of northern deep water, Norwegian-Greenland Sea and Labrador Sea/subpolar North Atlantic, had different characteristic d13C values over most of the Pleistocene. We speculate that the current open sea ice conditions in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea are a relatively rare occurrence and that the high-d13C deep water that forms in this region today is geologically unusual. If northern source deep waters can have highly variable d13C, then this likelihood must be considered when inferring past circulation changes from benthic d13Crecords. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Flower, B.P., D.W. Oppo, J. F. McManus, K. Venz, D. Hodell, and J. Cullen. 2000. North Atlantic intermediate to deep water circulation and chemical stratification during the past 1 Myr, Paleoceanography, 15, 388-403. Kleiven, H., E. Jansen, W. Curry, D.A. Hodell, and K. Venz. 2003. Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation changes on orbital to suborbital timescales during the mid-Pleistocene. Paleoceanography, 18, 10.1029/2001PA000629. McIntyre, K., A.C. Ravelo, and M.L. Delaney. 1999. North Atlantic Intermediate Waters in the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Paleoceanography, 14, 324-335, 1999. McManus, J.F., D.W. Oppo, and J. Cullen. 1999. A 0.5-million-year record of millennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic. Science, 283, 971-975. Mix, A.C., J. Le, and N. J. Shackleton. 1995. Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope stratigraphy of Site 846; 0-1.8 Ma, Proceed. Ocean Drill. Prog., Sci. Res., 138, 839-854. Oppo, D.W., J.F. McManus, and J.L. Cullen. 1998. Abrupt climate events 500,000 to 340,000 years ago; evidence from subpolar North Atlantic sediments. Science 279, 1335-1338. Raymo, M.E., W.F. Ruddiman, J. Backman, B.M. Clement, and D.G. Martinson. 1989. Late Pliocene variation in Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and North Atlantic deep water circulation. Paleoceanography, 4, 413-446. Raymo, M.E., K. Ganley, S. Carter, D. W. Oppo, and J. McManus. 1998. High latitude climate instability in the Early Pleistocene. Nature, 392, 699-702. Ruddiman, W.F., M.E. Raymo, D.G. Martinson, B.M. Clement, and J. Backman. 1989. Mid-Pleistocene evolution of Northern Hemisphere climate. Paleoceanography, 4, 353-412. Shackleton, N. J, and M. A. Hall. 1984. Oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 552A: Plio-Pleistocene glacial history. Initial Rep. of the Deep Sea Drill. Proj., 81, 599-610. Shackleton, N.J., A. Berger, and W. Peltier. 1990. An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP Site 677. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh: Earth Sci., 81, 251-61. Venz, K. A. and D. A. Hodell. 2002. New evidence for changes in Plio-Pleistocene deep water circulation from Southern Ocean ODP Leg 177 Site 1090, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 182, 197-220. Venz, K. A., D. A. Hodell, C. Stanton, and D. A. Warnke. 1999. A 1.0 Myr record of glacial North Atlantic intermediate water variability from ODP Site 982 in the Northeast Atlantic. Paleoceanography 14, 42-52. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 3MMYrBP - present DESCRIPTION: The following files are the data published in Raymo et al. 2004 Please see Table 1 of the paper for more information about sites and sources of data. The age model (ageSBP90) is based on correlation of each record to the tuning target of Shackleton et al. [1990]. Species adjustments used to correct data to cibicidoides values: Uvigerina: d18O = -0.64; d13C= +0.9 Melonis: d18O = -0.34; d13C= +0.8 Cassidulina: d18O = -0.3; d13C= +1.2 File contents: s980-981ageSBP90isocib.txt = cibicidoides data used in constructing figures 4-6. Previously published sections of this record include McManus et al. [1999] 980 data from 0-44.81 mcd; Oppo et al. [1998] 980 data from 44.91-65.53 mcd; and Flower et al. [2000] 980 data from 65.77-93.81 mcd. The 980 and 981 records are spliced at 861 kyrBP. s980-981isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figures 2 and 3. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean. s982ageSBP90isocib.txt = cibicidoides data used in constructing figures 4-6 that were originally published by Venz et al. [1999] and Venz and Hodell [2002]. s982isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figures 2 and 3. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean. s983ageSBP90isocib.txt = cibicidoides data used in constructing figures 4-6. Previously published sections of this record include Kleiven et al. [2003] data from 84.86-145.49 mcd; Raymo et al. [1998] data from 152.31-179.55 mcd; and McIntyre et al. [1999] data from 179.59-287.66 mcd. s983isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figures 2 and 3 of Raymo et al. [2004]. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean. s984ageSBP90isoadj.txt = multi-species data set from which figure 6 and smoothed figure 2 data were derived. Data from 0-74.64 mcd was run at WHOI; data from 75.45-121.20 mcd was run at Univ. of South Florida; data below 121.25 mcd was run at MIT. (Note: this file was modified on 8/30/04. In the previous version, a compilation error at BU resulted in incorrect species adjustments in the 75-121 mcd interval. The "cib only" file was not affected.) s984ageSBP90isocib.txt = data used in constructing figures 4 and 5 which includes only cibicidoides data. s984isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figure 3. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a three-point running mean. s552ageSBP90isocib.txt = cibicidoides data used in constructing figures 4-6 that were originally published by Shackleton and Hall [1984]. s552isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figures 2 and 3. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean. s607ageSBP90isoadj.txt = data set from which figure 6 and smoothed figure 2 data was derived that was originally published by Ruddiman et al. [1989] and Raymo et al. [1989]. s607ageSBP90isocib.txt = data used in constructing figures 4 and 5 which includes only cibicidoides data and which were originally published by Ruddiman et al. [1989] and Raymo et al. [1989]. s607isoadjsmooth.txt = data shown in figure 2. These are original multi-species data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean. s607isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figure 3. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean. s846ageSBP90isocib.txt = cibicidoides data used in constructing figures 4-6 that were originally published by Mix et al. [1995]. s846isocibsmooth.txt = data shown in figures 2 and 3. These are original cibicidoides data linearly interpolated to a uniform 3-kyr spacing and smoothed with a five-point running mean.