# 860,000 Years of foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope in the South China Sea foraminifera # #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22390 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/ren2017/ren2017.txt # Description: NOAA location of this template # # Description/Documentation lines begin with "#" # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: nitrogen isotope #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-07-15 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-07-15 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: 860,000 Years of foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope in the South China Sea #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ren, H.; Sigman, D.M.; Martinez-Garcia, A.; Anderson, R.F.; Chen, M.-T.; Ravelo, A.C.; Straub, M.; Wong, G.T.F.; Haug, G.H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: A 860,000-year nitrogen isotope record from South China Sea foraminifera shells indicates that regional nitrogen fixation rates are associated with changes in sea level #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Ren, H.; Sigman, D.M.; Martinez-Garcia, A.; Anderson, R.F.; Chen, M.-T.; Ravelo, A.C.; Straub, M.; Wong, G.T.F.; Haug, G.H. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-07-31 # Published_Title: Impact of glacial/interglacial sea level change on the ocean nitrogen cycle # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1701315114 # Abstract: The continental shelves are the most biologically dynamic regions of the ocean, and they are extensive worldwide, especially in the western North Pacific. Their area has varied dramatically over the glacial/interglacial cycles of the last million years, but the effects of this variation on ocean biological and chemical processes remain poorly understood. Conversion of nitrate to N2 by denitrification in sediments accounts for half or more of the removal of biologically available nitrogen (“fixed N”) from the ocean. The emergence of continental shelves during ice ages and their flooding during interglacials have been hypothesized to drive changes in sedimentary denitrification. Denitrification leads to the occurrence of phosphorus-bearing, N-depleted surface waters, which encourages N2 fixation, the dominant N input to the ocean. An 860,000-y record of foraminifera shell-bound N isotopes from the South China Sea indicates that N2 fixation covaried with sea level. The N2 fixation changes are best explained as a response to changes in regional excess phosphorus supply due to sea level-driven variations in shallow sediment denitrification associated with the cyclic drowning and emergence of the continental shelves. This hypothesis is consistent with a glacial ocean that hosted globally lower rates of fixed N input and loss and a longer residence time for oceanic fixed N—a “sluggish” ocean N budget during ice ages. In addition, this work provides a clear sign of sea level-driven glacial/interglacial oscillations in biogeochemical fluxes at and near the ocean margins, with implications for coastal organisms and ecosystems. #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: MD97-2142 # Location: South China Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 12.68 # Southernmost_Latitude: 12.68 # Easternmost_Longitude: 119.45 # Westernmost_Longitude: 119.45 # Elevation: -1557 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: MD97-2142 d15N Ren2017 # Earliest_Year: 860,000 # Most_Recent_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: calendar yrs BP # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #---------------- # Variables # # ## depth_cm depth, , , cm, , , , ,N, ## age_ka age, , , calendar ka BP, , , , ,N, ## d15N_G.rub delta 15N, Globigerinoides ruber, , per mil AIR, , paleoceanography, , ,N, ## d15N_O.univ delta 15N, Orbulina universa, , per mil AIR, , paleoceanography, , ,N, #---------------- # Data: # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header" # Missing_Values: NA # depth_cm age_ka d15N_G.rub d15N_O.univ 3 1.12 4.94 4.94 11 1.59 4.79 5.12 19 2.06 4.99 5.13 27 2.53 4.67 5.03 35 3 4.87 4.02 43 3.47 5.02 5.34 51 3.94 5.13 5.51 59 4.41 5.76 5.71 67 4.88 5.23 5.51 74 5.27 4.91 5.32 127 8.08 5.69 5.61 135 8.5 5.56 5.79 143 8.92 5.3 6.16 151 9.35 5.22 5.88 159 9.77 5.83 5.67 167 10.2 6.4 6.63 175 10.62 6.19 6.19 183 11.05 5.87 6.6 191 11.47 5.96 6.29 199 11.89 6.16 6.47 207 12.5 6.42 6.1 215 13.17 6.43 7.17 223 13.83 6.65 7.01 231 14.58 6.51 6.84 239 15.36 6.7 6.82 247 16.14 6.91 7.02 255 16.92 6.57 6.85 263 17.69 6.38 7.54 271 18.47 6.66 6.95 279 19.25 6.49 7.25 287 20.03 6.22 6.88 295 20.81 6.25 6.88 303 21.75 5.94 6.55 311 22.75 6.38 6.41 319 23.75 5.91 6.51 327 24.74 5.93 6.44 335 25.74 6.07 6.57 343 26.74 5.99 6.43 351 27.74 6.03 6.76 359 28.74 5.93 6.81 367 29.74 6.25 6.44 375 30.74 NA 6.82 383 31.73 6.38 6.97 391 32.73 NA 6.5 399 33.73 6.3 6.55 407 34.73 5.9 6.71 409 34.98 6.04 6.58 415 35.73 6.12 6.4 421 36.48 6.16 6.31 423 36.73 5.91 6.51 431 37.73 5.81 6.25 437 38.48 6.42 6.1 439 38.72 6.14 6.16 447 39.72 5.9 6.35 453 40.47 6.44 6.05 455 40.72 5.85 6.5 463 41.72 5.69 6.56 467 42.22 5.69 6.14 469 42.47 5.89 6.18 481 43.97 5.9 6.21 483 44.22 6.1 6.31 491 45.22 5.52 5.78 497 45.96 5.74 5.96 499 46.21 5.83 6.06 505 46.96 5.22 5.98 513 47.96 5.3 5.54 521 48.96 5.43 5.69 529 49.96 5.42 6.23 537 50.96 5.61 5.72 553 52.95 5.1 5.7 561 53.95 5.41 5.41 569 54.95 5.5 6.27 577 55.95 5.93 6.17 585 56.95 5.87 5.93 593 57.95 5.73 6.3 601 58.95 5.69 6.32 609 59.94 6.13 6.37 617 60.94 6.19 6.59 625 61.94 6.13 6.11 633 62.94 6.11 6.07 641 63.94 5.53 5.9 649 64.94 5.89 6.11 671 67.68 4.88 5.48 675 68.18 5.05 5.37 683 69.18 4.6 4.46 691 70.18 4.18 4.54 699 71.36 4.14 4.01 707 73.03 4.09 4.01 715 74.7 4.05 4.27 723 76.38 4.44 4.36 731 78.05 5.16 4.47 739 79.73 5.09 4.75 747 81.4 5.29 5.39 753 82.66 5.52 5.79 757 83.49 5.22 5.39 765 85.17 5.16 5.5 773 86.84 4.97 4.97 781 89.46 4.46 4.5 789 92.17 4.4 4.04 797 94.88 3.58 3.58 805 97.59 3.64 4.04 813 100.3 3.87 4.44 821 103.01 4.57 4.55 829 105.72 4.77 4.77 837 108.43 4.84 4.8 845 111.14 4.94 4.54 853 113.85 4.45 4.8 861 116.56 4.03 4.08 869 119.27 4.52 4.53 877 121.98 4.37 5.58 885 124.69 5.23 4.53 893 127.4 6.69 5.86 901 128.83 6.43 6.31 909 129.76 NA 6.37 917 130.69 NA 6.69 925 131.63 NA 6.62 933 132.72 NA 6.89 941 133.89 NA 6.57 949 135.06 NA 7.24 957 136.23 NA 7.28 966 137.55 NA 7.37 974 138.72 NA 7.06 982 139.89 NA 6.46 986 140.47 NA 7.09 991 141.2 NA 7.34 999 142.37 NA 7.32 1007 143.54 NA 7.13 1015 144.81 NA 6.47 1022 146.08 NA 6.9 1030 147.52 NA 6.92 1034 148.25 NA 7.4 1048 150.78 NA 6.88 1056 152.23 NA 6.99 1064 153.67 NA 7.19 1072 155.12 NA 7.09 1080 156.57 NA 6.74 1088 158.01 NA 7.16 1096 159.46 NA 6.87 1104 160.91 NA 6.22 1112 162.35 NA 6.83 1120 163.8 NA 6.12 1124 164.52 NA 5.9 1140 167.42 NA 6.1 1148 168.86 NA 6.07 1156 170.31 NA 6.28 1164 171.76 NA 5.85 1172 173.2 NA 5.9 1180 174.65 NA 6.43 1184 175.38 NA 6.68 1192 176.82 NA 6.85 1198 177.91 NA 6.73 1206 179.35 NA 7.15 1214 180.8 NA 6.42 1222 182.25 NA 6.66 1230 183.69 NA 6.17 1238 185.22 NA 6.06 1246 187.44 NA 5.51 1254 189.65 NA 5.07 1262 191.87 NA 4.39 1270 194.09 NA 4.11 1278 196.31 NA 4.75 1286 198.53 NA 5.55 1294 200.75 NA 6.19 1302 202.97 NA 6.2 1310 205.19 NA 5.59 1318 207.41 NA 5.26 1322 208.52 NA 4.29 1331 211.02 NA 4.87 1339 213.23 NA 5.21 1347 215.45 NA 5.1 1355 217.89 NA 5.73 1363 220.33 NA 5.81 1371 222.76 NA 6.15 1379 225.2 NA 6.25 1387 227.63 NA 5.71 1395 230.07 NA 5.69 1405 233.11 NA 4.89 1411 234.94 NA 4.25 1419 237.38 NA 4.16 1427 239.81 NA 5.48 1435 242.25 NA 6.46 1443 244.68 NA 6.34 1451 246.52 NA 7.17 1459 248.35 NA 7.01 1467 250.18 NA 7.42 1475 252.02 NA 7.16 1483 253.85 NA 6.69 1493 256.15 NA 6.82 1501 257.98 NA 7.04 1509 259.82 NA 6.15 1517 261.65 NA 6.01 1525 262.86 NA 6.28 1533 264.08 NA 6.98 1541 265.29 NA 6.92 1549 266.5 NA 6.58 1557 267.72 NA 6.89 1565 268.93 NA 7.21 1573 270.14 NA 7.27 1583 271.66 NA 6.82 1589 272.57 NA 5.29 1597 273.78 NA 6.37 1605 274.99 NA 5.97 1613 276.21 NA 6.02 1621 277.42 NA 5.7 1629 278.63 NA 5.22 1637 279.85 NA 4.14 1651 281.97 NA 5.23 1657 282.88 NA 5.64 1665 284.33 NA 5.54 1673 285.78 NA 5.84 1681 287.23 NA 5.69 1689 288.68 NA 5.64 1697 290.12 NA 6.38 1705 293.29 NA 5.67 1713 296.54 NA 5.75 1719 298.98 NA 5.67 1727 302.23 NA 4.97 1731 303.86 NA 5.79 1758 314.83 NA 4.21 1766 316.42 NA 4.86 1774 318.01 NA 4.61 1782 319.6 NA 5.19 1790 321.19 NA 5.43 1798 322.78 NA 5.52 1806 324.37 NA 5.11 1814 325.96 NA 4.65 1822 327.55 NA 4.51 1830 329.14 NA 4.9 1838 330.73 NA 5.71 1846 332.32 NA 5.97 1854 333.91 NA 6.43 1857 334.5 NA 5.68 1864 335.89 NA 6.04 1872 338.44 NA 6.55 1880 341 NA 7.74 1888 343.55 NA 7.27 1896 346.11 NA 6.86 1904 348.67 NA 6.79 1912 351.23 NA 6.38 1920 353.78 NA 5.82 1928 356.34 NA 6.11 1931 357.3 NA 6.32 1938 359.54 NA 6.18 1946 361.53 NA 6.02 1954 363.38 NA 6.37 1962 365.22 NA 6.19 1966 366.14 NA 6.22 1974 367.98 NA 6.35 1982 369.83 NA 6.02 1990 371.67 NA 5.73 1998 373.51 NA 5.68 2006 375.36 NA 6.04 2014 377.2 NA 5.22 2022 379.04 NA 5.49 2030 380.89 NA 5.9 2038 382.73 NA 5.3 2046 384.57 NA 5.03 2054 386.42 NA 4.9 2062 388.26 NA 5.12 2070 390.1 NA 5.17 2078 391.95 NA 4.83 2086 393.79 NA 4.77 2094 395.63 NA 4.06 2102 397.43 NA 4.65 2110 399 NA 4.6 2118 400.56 NA 4.9 2126 402.12 NA 4.3 2134 403.69 NA 3.71 2149 406.62 NA 5.14 2157 408.18 NA 5.03 2165 409.75 NA 4.87 2173 411.31 NA 5.16 2181 412.88 NA 5.04 2189 414.44 NA 4.48 2197 416 NA 4.48 2205 417.57 NA 4.9 2213 419.14 NA 4.33 2221 421.68 NA 5.36 2245 429.3 NA 7.28 2252 431.52 NA 6.84 2260 434.17 NA 6.75 2268 440.69 NA 6.81 2276 447.21 NA 6.33 2284 453.73 NA 6.63 2292 460.25 NA 6.45 2300 466.77 NA 6.37 2308 473.29 NA 5.93 2316 479.25 NA 4.69 2324 480.99 NA 4.89 2332 482.73 NA 4.77 2340 484.47 NA 5.06 2348 486.21 NA 5.51 2356 487.95 NA 5.67 2364 489.69 NA 5.15 2372 491.43 NA 4.91 2380 493.17 NA 4.1 2388 494.91 NA 3.8 2396 496.65 NA 4.26 2409 499.47 NA 3.66 2417 501.21 NA 3.82 2425 502.95 NA 3.78 2433 504.69 NA 5.12 2441 506.43 NA 5.13 2449 508.17 NA 5.48 2457 509.91 NA 5.05 2465 511.65 NA 4.54 2473 513.39 NA 4.22 2481 515.13 NA 4.06 2489 516.87 NA 4.82 2497 518.61 NA 3.89 2505 520.35 NA 3.83 2513 522.09 NA 3.97 2521 523.83 NA 4.11 2529 525.57 NA 4.14 2537 527.31 NA 4.33 2545 529.05 NA 4.89 2553 530.79 NA 5 2565 533.4 NA 5.07 2573 535.14 NA 5.84 2581 537.66 NA 6.35 2589 540.26 NA 6.11 2597 542.86 NA 5.82 2605 545.46 NA 5.81 2613 548.05 NA 5.6 2621 550.65 NA 5.47 2629 553.25 NA 5.63 2637 555.85 NA 5.55 2645 558.45 NA 5.87 2653 561.05 NA 5.11 2661 563.65 NA 5.09 2669 565.78 NA 5.26 2681 568.56 NA 5.15 2689 570.42 NA 4.81 2697 572.27 NA 4.49 2705 574.13 NA 3.89 2713 575.98 NA 4.41 2721 577.84 NA 5.05 2729 579.69 NA 6.31 2737 581.54 NA 5.86 2745 583.4 NA 5.5 2753 585.5 NA 4.85 2761 589.09 NA 4.14 2769 592.68 NA 4.98 2777 596.27 NA 4.26 2785 599.85 NA 5.04 2793 603.44 NA 5.56 2801 607.03 NA 5.06 2809 610.6 NA 5.09 2817 612.62 NA 4.7 2825 614.63 NA 4.07 2833 616.65 NA 4.32 2841 618.66 NA 4.76 2849 620.68 NA 4.97 2857 622.7 NA 5 2865 624.71 NA 5.41 2873 626.73 NA 5.99 2881 628.74 NA 6.37 2889 630.83 NA 6.1 2897 635.08 NA 6.6 2905 639.34 NA 5.92 2913 643.59 NA 6.24 2921 647.85 NA 6.19 2929 652.1 NA 6.28 2937 656.35 NA 6.01 2945 660.61 NA 5.97 2953 664.86 NA 5.58 2961 669.12 NA 5.67 2969 673.37 NA 5.24 2977 677.63 NA 5.76 2985 680.94 NA 5.04 2993 682.48 NA 4.82 3001 684.03 NA 4.87 3009 685.57 NA 4.58 3017 687.11 NA 4.31 3025 688.65 NA 4.69 3033 690.19 NA 4.86 3041 691.74 NA 5.45 3049 693.28 NA 5.33 3057 694.82 NA 4.88 3065 696.36 NA 5.16 3073 697.9 NA 4.93 3081 699.44 NA 4.74 3089 700.99 NA 4.1 3097 702.53 NA 4.25 3105 704.07 NA 4.18 3113 705.61 NA 4.88 3121 707.15 NA 5.95 3129 708.7 NA 6.11 3137 710.31 NA 6.45 3145 713.9 NA 6.1 3153 717.49 NA 5.87 3161 721.08 NA 5.89 3169 724.67 NA 5.26 3177 727.16 NA 5.14 3185 728.68 NA 4.65 3193 730.2 NA 4.27 3201 731.72 NA 4.64 3209 733.24 NA 4.61 3217 734.76 NA 4.69 3225 736.28 NA 5.1 3233 737.81 NA 5.33 3241 739.33 NA 5.29 3249 740.85 NA 4.92 3257 742.37 NA 4.95 3265 744.86 NA 5.66 3273 747.54 NA 5.93 3281 750.22 NA 5.61 3289 752.9 NA 5.6 3297 755.58 NA 5.15 3305 758.25 NA 5.27 3313 760.93 NA 4.9 3321 763.61 NA 4.66 3329 766.29 NA 4.57 3337 768.97 NA 4.54 3345 771.65 NA 4.65 3353 774.32 NA 4.39 3361 777 NA 4.38 3369 779.68 NA 4.31 3377 782.36 NA 4.58 3385 785.03 NA 4.67 3393 786.71 NA 5.13 3401 788.39 NA 5.52 3409 790.07 NA 6.02 3417 791.76 NA 6.07 3425 793.44 NA 6 3433 795.12 NA 6.17 3441 798.63 NA 5.59 3449 802.23 NA 5.57 3457 805.83 NA 5.38 3465 809.43 NA 4.87 3473 813.02 NA 4.62 3481 816.62 NA 4.36 3489 820.22 NA 3.75 3497 823.82 NA 4.19 3505 827.42 NA 5.05 3513 831.02 NA 4.55 3521 834.62 NA 4.29 3529 838.22 NA 4.57 3537 841.82 NA 4.62 3545 845.42 NA 4.32 3553 849.02 NA 4.56 3561 852.62 NA 4.52 3569 856.22 NA 4.98 3577 859.81 NA 5.84 3585 863.41 NA 5.19