# Palmer Deep, Antarctica Holocene TEX86 Sea Surface Temperature Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6413 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-6413.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/tpq2-cp43 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shevenell2007/shevenell2007-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2007-07-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-07-21 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Palmer Deep, Antarctica Holocene TEX86 Sea Surface Temperature Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Shevenell, A.E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-6530); Ingalls, A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-7329); Domack, E. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: TEX86 Holocene sea surface temperature record from Palmer Deep, Antarctica. ODP Site 1098: 64°51.71'S, 64°12'W. Updated sea surface reconstruction was published by Shevenell et al. 2011 and is available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.769699. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Shevenell, A.E., A. Ingalls, and E. Domack # Journal_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report # Published_Title: Orbital and atmospheric forcing of western Antarctic Peninsula climate in the Holocene: The TEX86 paleotemperature record of Palmer Deep # Published_Date_or_Year: 2007 # Volume: # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Full_Citation: Shevenell, A.E., A. Ingalls, and E. Domack. 2007. Orbital and atmospheric forcing of western Antarctic Peninsula climate in the Holocene: The TEX86 paleotemperature record of Palmer Deep, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World - Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES X, edited by A. K. Cooper and C. R. Raymond et al., USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Extended Abstract 131, 4 p. # Abstract: A detailed TEX86 sea surface temperature record is presented from a well-dated hemipelagic sedimentary sequence drilled in Palmer Deep, on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental margin (ODP Hole 1098B; 1010 m). To test the regional utility of the TEX86 proxy, surface sediment samples with paired CTD casts were acquired and results show the promise of TEX86 in this region. Down core TEX86-derived temperatures at Site 1098 range between 0 and 6°C during the Holocene (0-12 ky). A long-term Holocene cooling of ~3°C is suggested and is punctuated by millennial scale temperature variability. The TEX86 temperature record from Palmer Deep is consistent with temperature trends recorded in west Antarctic ice cores and southeast Pacific marine sediments. This observation is consistent with hypotheses that favor atmospheric (via the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds), not thermohaline, control over the hydrography of Palmer Deep. #-------------------- # Authors: Domack, E., A. Leventer, R. Dunbar, F. Taylor, S. Brachfeld, and C. Sjunneskog # Journal_Name: The Holocene # Published_Title: Chronology of the Palmer Deep site, Antarctic Peninsula: a Holocene palaeoenvironmental reference for the circum-Antarctic # Published_Date_or_Year: 2001 # Volume: 11 # Pages: 1-9 # Issue: 1 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1191/095968301673881493 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Palmer Deep sediment cores are used to produce the first high-resolution, continuous late Pleistocene to Holocene time-series from the Antarctic marine system. The sedimentary record is dated using accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon methods on acid insoluble organic matter and foraminiferal calcite. Fifty-four radiocarbon analyses are utilized in the dating which provides a calibrated timescale back to 13 ka BP. Reliability of resultant ages on organic matter is assured because duplicates produce a standard deviation from the surface age of less than laboratory error (i.e., ±50 years). In addition, surface organic matter ages at the site are in excellent agreement with living calcite ages at the accepted reservoir age of 1260 years for the Antarctic Peninsula. Spectral analyses of the magnetic susceptibility record against the age model reveal unusually strong periodicity in the 400,–200 and 50-70 year frequency bands, similar to other high-resolution records from the Holocene but, so far, unique for the circum-Antarctic. Here we show that comparison to icecore records of specific climatic events (e.g., the ’Little Ice Age‘, Neoglacial, Hypsithermal, and the Bølling/Allerød to Younger Dryas transition) provides improved focus upon the relative timing of atmosphere/ocean changes between the northern and southern high latitudes. #-------------------- # Authors: Shevenell, A.E., A.E. Ingalls, E.W. Domack, and C. Kelly # Journal_Name: Nature # Published_Title: Holocene Southern Ocean surface temperature variability west of the Antarctic Peninsula # Published_Date_or_Year: 2011 # Volume: 470 # Pages: 250-254 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/nature09751 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The disintegration of ice shelves, reduced sea-ice and glacier extent, and shifting ecological zones observed around Antarctica highlight the impact of recent atmospheric and oceanic warming on the cryosphere. Observations and models suggest that oceanic and atmospheric temperature variations at Antarctica's margins affect global cryosphere stability, ocean circulation, sea levels and carbon cycling. In particular, recent climate changes on the Antarctic Peninsula have been dramatic, yet the Holocene climate variability of this region is largely unknown, limiting our ability to evaluate ongoing changes within the context of historical variability and underlying forcing mechanisms. Here we show that surface ocean temperatures at the continental margin of the western Antarctic Peninsula cooled by 3–4°C over the past 12,000 years, tracking the Holocene decline of local (65°S) spring insolation. Our results, based on TEX86 sea surface temperature (SST) proxy evidence from a marine sediment core, indicate the importance of regional summer duration as a driver of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice fluctuations. On millennial timescales, abrupt SST fluctuations of 2–4°C coincide with globally recognized climate variability. Similarities between our SSTs, Southern Hemisphere westerly wind reconstructions and El Niño/Southern Oscillation variability indicate that present climate teleconnections between the tropical Pacific Ocean and the western Antarctic Peninsula strengthened late in the Holocene epoch. We conclude that during the Holocene, Southern Ocean temperatures at the western Antarctic Peninsula margin were tied to changes in the position of the westerlies, which have a critical role in global carbon cycling. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: OPP award #0620099 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: University of Washington # Grant: Program on Climate Change #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP 1098B # Location: South Atlantic Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: -64.87 # Southernmost_Latitude: -64.87 # Easternmost_Longitude: -64.2 # Westernmost_Longitude: -64.2 # Elevation_m: -1011 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: ODP1098B # First_Year: 11768 # Last_Year: 79 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: radiocarbon years before 1950AD, Tetraether index, Sea surface temperature from Tetra-ether index, Corrected depth (cm) # Notes: Age from Domack et al. 2001, reconstruction as published in Shevenell et al. 2007 #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## samp_id sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Leg/Site/Hole/Core/Section ## depth_top_cm depth at sample end,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## depth_bot_cm depth at sample start,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## MBSF depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,meters below sea floor ## MCD depth,,,meter,,climate reconstructions;paleoceanography,,,N,meters composite depth ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,climate reconstructions;paleoceanography,,,N,from Domack et al. 2001 ## TEX86 tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## SST sea surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions;paleoceanography,,,N,TEX86 #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: samp_id depth_top_cm depth_bot_cm MBSF MCD age_calBP TEX86 SST 1781098B1H 1 11 12 0.11 0.17 80 0.2831 0.21 1781098B1H 1 21 22 0.21 0.27 134 0.2856 0.37 1781098B1H 1 31 32 0.31 0.37 189 0.2832 0.21 1781098B1H 1 41 42 0.41 0.47 243 0.2854 0.36 1781098B1H 1 61 62 0.61 0.67 350 0.3081 1.88 1781098B1H 1 71 72 0.71 0.77 403 0.3159 2.39 1781098B1H 1 81 82 0.81 0.87 456 0.3208 2.72 1781098B1H 1 91 92 0.91 0.97 508 0.3489 4.59 1781098B1H 1 111 112 1.11 1.17 612 0.3495 4.64 1781098B1H 1 121 122 1.21 1.27 664 0.3146 2.30 1781098B1H 1 131 132 1.31 1.37 715 0.2732 -0.45 1781098B1H 1 150 151 1.5 1.56 811 0.3323 3.49 1781098B1H 2 11 12 1.61 1.67 867 0.3523 4.82 1781098B1H 2 21 22 1.71 1.77 917 0.3114 2.09 1781098B1H 2 31 32 1.81 1.87 966 0.3329 3.53 1781098B1H 2 41 42 1.91 1.97 1016 0.3286 3.24 1781098B1H 2 61 62 2.11 2.17 1113 0.3526 4.84 1781098B1H 2 71 72 2.21 2.27 1162 0.3353 3.69 1781098B1H 2 81 82 2.31 2.37 1210 0.3313 3.42 1781098B1H 2 91 92 2.41 2.47 1258 0.3560 5.06 1781098B1H 2 111 112 2.61 2.67 1352 0.3426 4.17 1781098B1H 2 121 122 2.71 2.77 1399 0.3573 5.15 1781098B1H 2 131 132 2.81 2.87 1446 0.3262 3.08 1781098B1H 2 150 151 3 3.06 1534 0.2889 0.59 1781098B1H 3 11 12 3.11 3.17 1584 0.3367 3.78 1781098B1H 3 21 22 3.21 3.27 1630 0.3492 4.62 1781098B1H 3 31 32 3.31 3.37 1675 0.2969 1.13 1781098B1H 3 61 62 3.61 3.67 1810 0.2804 0.03 1781098B1H 3 71 72 3.71 3.77 1854 0.2943 0.95 1781098B1H 3 81 82 3.81 3.87 1898 0.2814 0.10 1781098B1H 3 91 92 3.91 3.97 1942 0.2954 1.03 1781098B1H 3 111 112 4.11 4.17 2028 0.2962 1.08 1781098B1H 3 131 132 4.31 4.37 2114 0.2867 0.45 1781098B1H 3 141 142 4.41 4.47 2156 0.2977 1.18 1781098B1H 4 6 7 4.56 4.62 2220 0.2932 0.88 1781098B1H 4 26 27 4.76 4.82 2303 0.3226 2.84 1781098B1H 4 56 57 5.06 5.12 2426 0.3084 1.89 1781098B1H 4 76 77 5.26 5.32 2508 0.2823 0.15 1781098B1H 4 96 97 5.46 5.52 2588 0.3122 2.14 1781098B1H 4 106 107 5.56 5.62 2628 0.2737 -0.42 1781098B1HCC 6 7 5.89 5.95 2757 0.2871 0.47 1781098B2H 1 26 27 6.26 7.12 3199 0.3382 3.88 1781098B2H 1 46 47 6.46 7.32 3272 0.3060 1.73 1781098B2H 1 76 77 6.76 7.62 3380 0.2731 -0.46 1781098B2H 1 96 97 6.96 7.82 3452 0.3039 1.59 1781098B2H 1 116 117 7.16 8.02 3522 0.3322 3.48 1781098B2H 1 136 137 7.36 8.22 3592 0.3186 2.57 1781098B2H 2 51 52 8.01 8.87 3815 0.3015 1.44 1781098B2H 2 81 82 8.31 9.17 3915 0.3150 2.34 1781098B2H 2 111 112 8.61 9.47 4015 0.2987 1.25 1781098B2H 2 141 142 8.91 9.77 4113 0.3174 2.49 1781098B2H 3 16 17 9.16 10.02 4194 0.3221 2.81 1781098B2H 3 36 37 9.36 10.22 4258 0.3272 3.15 1781098B2H 3 56 57 9.56 10.42 4322 0.3206 2.71 1781098B2H 3 76 77 9.76 10.62 4386 0.3024 1.50 1781098B2H 3 96 97 9.96 10.82 4449 0.3752 6.35 1781098B2H 3 96 97 9.96 10.82 4449 0.3711 6.07 1781098B2H 3 116 117 10.16 11.02 4511 0.2989 1.26 1781098B2H 3 131 132 10.31 11.17 4558 0.2951 1.01 1781098B2H 4 6 7 10.56 11.42 4635 0.3143 2.29 1781098B2H 4 46 47 10.96 11.82 4758 0.3093 1.95 1781098B2H 4 106 107 11.56 12.42 4940 0.2919 0.80 1781098B2H 4 126 127 11.76 12.62 5000 0.2988 1.25 1781098B2H 4 146 147 11.96 12.82 5060 0.3035 1.57 1781098B2H 4 146 147 11.96 12.82 5060 0.3067 1.78 1781098B2H 5 21 22 12.21 13.07 5134 0.2808 0.05 1781098B2H 5 51 52 12.51 13.37 5223 0.3015 1.43 1781098B2H 5 81 82 12.81 13.67 5312 0.3114 2.09 1781098B2H 5 141 142 13.41 14.27 5488 0.3048 1.66 1781098B2H 6 16 17 13.66 14.52 5561 0.3566 5.11 1781098B2H 6 46 47 13.96 14.82 5649 0.3326 3.51 1781098B2H 6 56 57 14.06 14.92 5678 0.3322 3.48 1781098B2H 6 86 87 14.36 15.22 5766 0.3024 1.49 1781098B2H 6 136 137 14.86 15.72 5912 0.3053 1.69 1781098B2H 7 11 12 15.11 15.97 5985 0.2949 0.99 1781098B3H 1 46 47 15.96 17.48 6431 0.3226 2.84 1781098B3H 1 56 57 16.06 17.58 6461 0.3391 3.94 1781098B3H 2 61 62 17.61 19.13 6932 0.3274 3.16 1781098B3H 3 6 7 18.56 20.08 7230 0.3063 1.76 1781098B3H 3 66 67 19.16 20.68 7424 0.3185 2.57 1781098B3H 3 76 77 19.26 20.78 7457 0.3011 1.41 1781098B3H 4 11 12 20.11 21.63 7740 0.3111 2.07 1781098B3H 4 31 32 20.31 21.83 7808 0.2777 -0.15 1781098B3H 4 111 112 21.11 22.63 8087 0.3341 3.60 1781098B3H 4 126 127 21.26 22.78 8141 0.3361 3.74 1781098B3H 5 21 22 21.71 23.23 8304 0.3222 2.81 1781098B3H 5 56 57 22.06 23.58 8433 0.3150 2.33 1781098B3H 5 81 82 22.31 23.83 8527 0.3817 6.78 1781098B3H 5 111 112 22.61 24.13 8641 0.3494 4.63 1781098B3H 5 126 127 22.76 24.28 8698 0.2833 0.22 1781098B3H 6 11 12 23.11 24.63 8835 0.3039 1.60 1781098B4H 2 81 82 27.31 29.49 9014 0.3495 4.63 1781098B4H 3 6 7 28.06 30.24 9137 0.3701 6.01 1781098B4H 3 81 82 28.81 30.99 9259 0.3676 5.84 1781098B4H 3 126 127 29.26 31.44 9333 0.2849 0.33 1781098B4H 4 21 22 29.71 31.89 9407 0.3113 2.08 1781098B4H 4 41 42 29.91 32.09 9439 0.3984 7.90 1781098B4H 4 71 72 30.21 32.39 9488 0.3116 2.11 1781098B4H 4 71 72 30.21 32.39 9488 0.3190 2.60 1781098B4H 4 101 102 30.51 32.69 9538 0.3452 4.34 1781098B4H 5 21 22 31.21 33.39 9652 0.3381 3.87 1781098B4H 5 41 42 31.41 33.59 9685 0.3807 6.72 1781098B4H 5 61 62 31.61 33.79 9718 0.3225 2.83 1781098B4H 5 91 92 31.91 34.09 9767 0.3504 4.70 1781098B4H 5 121 122 32.21 34.39 10213 0.3483 4.56 1781098B4H 6 16 17 32.66 34.84 10297 0.3682 5.88 1781098B4H 6 46 47 32.96 35.14 10352 0.3220 2.80 1781098B4H 6 106 107 33.56 35.74 10464 0.3214 2.76 1781098B4H 7 21 22 33.81 35.99 10511 0.3149 2.33 1781098B4H 7 41 42 34.01 36.19 10548 0.3332 3.55 1781098B5H 1 71 72 35.21 36.95 10689 0.3217 2.78 1781098B5H 1 111 112 35.61 37.35 10764 0.3988 7.92 1781098B5H 1 131 132 35.81 37.55 10801 0.4336 10.24 1781098B5H 2 61 62 36.61 38.35 10950 0.3307 3.38 1781098B5H 2 106 107 37.06 38.8 11034 0.3522 4.81 1781098B5H 3 31 32 37.81 39.55 11173 0.3991 7.94 1781098B5H 3 101 102 38.51 40.25 11303 0.3721 6.14 1781098B5H 3 131 132 38.81 40.55 11359 0.3268 3.12 1781098B5H 3 141 142 38.91 40.65 11378 0.3550 5.00 1781098B5H 4 36 37 39.36 41.1 11461 0.3530 4.87 1781098B5H 4 91 92 39.91 41.65 11564 0.3448 4.32 1781098B5H 4 116 117 40.16 41.9 11610 0.3826 6.84 1781098B5H 4 136 137 40.36 42.1 11648 0.4195 9.30 1781098B5H 5 11 12 40.61 42.35 11694 0.4102 8.68 1781098B5H 5 31 32 40.81 42.55 11731 0.3310 3.40 1781098B5H 5 41 42 40.91 42.65 11750 0.3332 3.55 1781098B5H 5 51 52 41.01 42.75 11769 0.4293 9.95