# Eastern Indian Ocean Biomarker Data and Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions from 3.5 - 1.5 Ma
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31052
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/smith2020/smith2020-tex86_sst.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
#
#
# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
#
# Dataset_DOI:
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# Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers, geochemistry, reconstruction
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2020-09-03
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2020-09-03
#---------------------------------------
# Title
#    Study_Name: Eastern Indian Ocean Biomarker Data and Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions from 3.5 - 1.5 Ma
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#      Investigators: Smith, Rebecca A.; Castañeda, Isla S.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: 
#         Provided Keywords: Indonesian Throughflow, Leeuwin Current, Pliocene, Pleistocene, sea surface temperature, productivity
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
# Authors: Smith, Rebecca A.; Castañeda, Isla S.; Groeneveld, Jeroen; De Vleeschouwer, David; Henderiks, Jorijntje; Christensen, Beth A.; Renema, Willem; Auer, Gerald; Bogus, Kara; Gallagher, Stephen J.; Fulthorpe, Craig S.
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2020
# Published_Title: Plio-Pleistocene Indonesian Throughflow variability drove Eastern Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures 
# Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
# Volume: in review
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 
# Report_Number: 
# DOI: 
# Online_Resource: 
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: Ocean gateways facilitate circulation between ocean basins, thereby impacting global climate. The Indonesian Gateway transports water from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and drives the strength and intensity of the modern Leeuwin Current, which carries warm equatorial waters along the western coast of Australia to higher latitudes. Therefore, ITF dynamics are a vital component of global thermohaline circulation. Plio-Pleistocene changes in ITF behavior and Leeuwin Current intensity remain poorly constrained due to a lack of sedimentary records from regions under its influence. Here, organic geochemical proxies are used to reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) on the Northwest Australian shelf at IODP Site U1463, downstream of the ITF outlet and under the influence of the Leeuwin Current. Our new records, based on TEX86 and the long-chain diol index (LDI), provide insight into past ITF variability (3.5 to 1.5 Ma) and confirm that SST exerted a control on Australian continental hydroclimate. A significant TEX86 cooling of ca. 5°C occurs within the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; 3.3 to 3.1 Ma) suggesting this interval was characterized by SST fluctuations at Site U1463. A major feature of both the TEX86 and LDI records is a strong cooling from ~1.7 to 1.5 Ma. We suggest this event reflects a reduction in Leeuwin Current intensity due to a major step in ongoing ITF constriction, accompanied by a switch from South to North Pacific source waters entering the ITF inlet. Our new data suggest that an additional ITF constriction event may have occurred in the Pleistocene.
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: US Science Support Program (USSSP)
#    Grant: 
#---------------------------------------
# Site_Information
# Site_Name: IODP U1463
# Location: Indian Ocean
# Northernmost_Latitude: -18.97
# Southernmost_Latitude: -18.97
# Easternmost_Longitude: 117.62
# Westernmost_Longitude: 117.62
# Elevation: -145
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: U1463 TEX86,SST Smith2020
#   First_Year: 3476000
#   Last_Year: 1504000
#   Time_Unit: 14C yr BP
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
## age_Ma	age,,,million years ago,,Climate Reconstructions; paleoceanography,,,N,Groeneveld et al. 2020
## TEX86	tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## 5th	sea surface temperature,,percentile,degree Celsius,,Climate Reconstructions; paleoceanography,,,N,BAYSPAR 5th % confidence interval sea surface temperature; Tierney and Tingley (2014)
## 50th	sea surface temperature,,,degree Celsius,,Climate Reconstructions; paleoceanography,,,N,BAYSPAR 50th % confidence interval sea surface temperature; Tierney and Tingley (2014)
## 95th	sea surface temperature,,percentile,degree Celsius,,Climate Reconstructions; paleoceanography,,,N,BAYSPAR 95th % confidence interval sea surface temperature; Tierney and Tingley (2014)
#------------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: -999
age_Ma	TEX86	5th	50th	95th
1.504	0.68	22.42	27.55	32.75	
1.507	0.63	20.44	25.48	30.21	
1.509	0.61	19.31	24.33	29.43	
1.511	0.63	20.42	24.96	30.04	
1.514	0.63	20.16	25.01	30.27	
1.516	0.65	20.97	26.03	30.90	
1.518	0.65	21.07	26.10	31.14	
1.521	0.66	21.66	26.85	32.20	
1.524	0.67	22.13	27.11	32.03	
1.526	0.66	21.62	26.50	31.43	
1.528	0.66	21.77	26.95	31.79	
1.530	0.65	21.02	25.98	30.75	
1.536	0.64	20.51	25.50	30.31	
1.538	0.66	22.26	26.84	31.80	
1.539	0.69	22.92	28.12	33.99	
1.541	0.69	23.27	28.01	33.48	
1.544	0.64	20.85	25.66	31.07	
1.546	0.66	21.75	26.54	31.77	
1.549	0.67	22.30	27.36	32.27	
1.551	0.68	22.90	27.59	33.10	
1.554	0.69	23.15	28.07	33.17	
1.556	0.66	22.38	26.88	32.19	
1.558	0.65	21.30	26.15	31.41	
1.561	0.63	20.14	25.07	30.26	
1.564	0.69	23.32	28.37	33.62	
1.566	0.69	23.03	27.86	32.85	
1.568	0.67	22.78	27.21	32.59	
1.570	0.67	22.77	27.51	32.27	
1.573	0.67	22.16	27.05	32.21	
1.575	0.67	22.32	27.37	32.25	
1.578	0.68	22.65	27.57	32.66	
1.580	0.67	22.18	26.89	32.42	
1.583	0.64	20.77	25.68	30.87	
1.586	0.64	20.64	25.92	30.88	
1.588	0.64	20.51	25.50	30.55	
1.591	0.68	22.82	27.52	32.41	
1.594	0.69	23.44	28.00	33.06	
1.596	0.70	24.12	28.85	34.28	
1.599	0.70	24.17	28.72	34.00	
1.602	0.71	24.52	29.06	34.48	
1.604	0.70	23.40	28.48	33.90	
1.607	0.67	22.30	27.05	32.16	
1.609	0.68	22.55	27.51	32.59	
1.612	0.68	23.16	27.88	33.49	
1.614	0.71	24.46	29.02	34.99	
1.617	0.72	25.15	30.05	35.75	
1.619	0.69	23.58	28.20	33.31	
1.622	0.66	21.80	26.76	31.78	
1.625	0.64	20.45	25.38	30.16	
1.627	0.68	22.80	27.64	33.21	
1.630	0.70	24.19	29.03	33.94	
1.633	0.71	24.98	29.50	34.75	
1.635	0.70	24.07	28.69	33.76	
1.637	0.66	22.26	26.92	32.05	
1.640	0.67	22.30	27.16	32.24	
1.643	0.69	23.43	28.24	33.26	
1.646	0.65	21.51	26.31	31.32	
1.649	0.66	21.51	26.39	31.17	
1.651	0.66	22.11	26.48	31.59	
1.654	0.66	22.03	26.82	31.57	
1.657	0.68	22.77	27.85	33.29	
1.659	0.68	22.87	27.65	33.03	
1.661	0.65	21.65	26.39	31.25	
1.664	0.65	21.55	26.17	31.33	
1.667	0.65	21.01	26.21	31.36	
1.670	0.66	22.08	26.95	32.08	
1.673	0.68	22.76	27.60	32.30	
1.676	0.69	23.28	28.37	33.53	
1.680	0.70	23.95	28.61	34.02	
1.683	0.70	23.83	29.08	34.27	
1.690	0.70	23.62	28.48	33.44	
1.693	0.69	23.37	28.57	33.53	
1.696	0.73	25.27	30.27	35.73	
1.699	0.71	24.54	28.94	34.58	
1.703	0.66	21.86	26.54	31.58	
1.706	0.68	22.89	27.55	32.40	
1.712	0.74	25.29	30.73	36.09	
1.716	0.68	23.19	27.83	33.47	
1.720	0.70	23.91	28.67	33.84	
1.723	0.67	22.28	27.37	32.43	
1.726	0.68	23.06	27.64	33.23	
1.728	0.68	22.86	27.78	33.65	
1.731	0.70	24.12	29.01	34.23	
1.734	0.69	23.42	28.42	33.52	
1.738	0.72	24.52	29.57	35.14	
1.741	0.69	23.43	28.48	33.57	
1.744	0.67	22.82	27.47	32.53	
1.747	0.68	22.75	27.65	32.58	
1.750	0.67	22.24	27.07	32.22	
1.753	0.67	21.93	27.01	32.33	
1.756	0.67	22.86	27.40	32.70	
1.759	0.66	22.07	26.81	31.49	
1.763	0.66	21.87	26.80	31.77	
1.766	0.69	23.55	28.00	33.05	
1.769	0.69	23.36	28.11	33.54	
1.772	0.64	20.89	25.86	31.02	
1.776	0.71	23.77	29.00	34.13	
1.779	0.70	23.85	28.53	34.08	
1.782	0.67	22.56	27.20	32.22	
1.785	0.65	21.12	25.92	31.33	
1.789	0.60	18.47	23.88	28.94	
1.792	0.62	20.17	24.80	29.85	
1.795	0.64	20.62	25.69	30.86	
1.800	0.66	21.80	26.65	31.49	
1.806	0.66	21.93	26.93	32.23	
1.812	0.67	22.22	27.32	32.30	
1.816	0.64	20.68	25.66	30.51	
1.825	0.69	23.32	28.30	33.86	
1.831	0.71	24.41	29.37	34.43	
1.835	0.71	24.69	29.45	34.65	
1.840	0.67	22.24	26.99	32.39	
1.843	0.70	23.73	28.58	33.80	
1.850	0.72	24.88	29.94	35.32	
1.854	0.70	23.88	28.78	33.93	
1.859	0.65	21.45	26.20	31.06	
1.863	0.64	20.75	25.41	30.41	
1.869	0.68	23.25	27.88	32.52	
1.874	0.66	21.65	26.66	31.82	
1.882	0.70	24.06	28.42	33.56	
1.888	0.68	23.06	27.76	32.87	
1.893	0.68	22.96	27.76	32.62	
1.897	0.68	22.86	27.59	32.74	
1.901	0.67	22.23	26.99	32.08	
1.907	0.67	22.54	26.96	32.88	
1.912	0.66	21.75	26.39	31.55	
1.916	0.68	22.95	27.78	32.77	
1.920	0.69	23.05	28.28	33.77	
1.934	0.71	24.38	29.37	34.87	
1.938	0.71	24.32	29.28	34.14	
1.943	0.71	24.56	29.37	34.69	
1.947	0.70	23.59	28.84	34.17	
1.953	0.69	23.80	28.17	33.29	
1.957	0.67	22.10	26.95	31.99	
1.962	0.70	23.68	28.68	33.89	
1.966	0.71	24.49	29.28	34.72	
1.972	0.72	25.26	29.79	35.06	
1.976	0.71	24.56	29.34	34.73	
1.981	0.70	23.76	28.94	34.45	
1.984	0.66	21.20	26.27	31.56	
1.990	0.66	21.46	26.41	32.26	
1.994	0.67	22.73	27.44	32.32	
2.003	0.68	22.64	27.46	32.56	
2.009	0.68	22.82	27.75	32.60	
2.028	0.68	22.99	27.52	32.58	
2.047	0.68	23.10	28.10	33.31	
2.051	0.69	22.92	28.03	33.34	
2.056	0.70	23.94	28.66	33.83	
2.060	0.70	23.76	28.61	33.91	
2.066	0.71	24.30	29.02	34.37	
2.070	0.69	23.42	28.04	33.44	
2.075	0.64	20.88	25.68	30.81	
2.080	0.65	21.30	26.04	31.40	
2.086	0.66	21.86	26.60	31.57	
2.092	0.67	22.18	27.15	32.30	
2.097	0.66	21.74	26.76	32.03	
2.103	0.70	23.87	28.33	33.23	
2.108	0.70	24.52	29.02	34.32	
2.115	0.70	24.07	28.64	33.91	
2.121	0.70	23.89	28.72	33.75	
2.126	0.68	23.16	28.04	33.23	
2.132	0.69	23.59	28.26	33.41	
2.139	0.68	22.45	27.35	33.07	
2.144	0.67	22.30	27.21	32.02	
2.150	0.64	21.15	25.57	30.82	
2.155	0.63	20.33	25.09	30.23	
2.157	0.63	20.41	25.24	30.22	
2.162	0.62	19.32	24.33	28.92	
2.168	0.67	22.05	27.03	31.99	
2.173	0.64	20.86	25.76	30.93	
2.178	0.70	24.10	28.96	34.16	
2.182	0.72	24.73	29.72	35.16	
2.189	0.71	24.33	29.02	34.56	
2.193	0.70	24.22	28.73	34.22	
2.198	0.67	22.73	27.42	32.55	
2.203	0.64	20.88	25.51	30.35	
2.209	0.64	20.64	25.88	30.52	
2.214	0.63	20.34	25.24	30.61	
2.218	0.62	19.75	24.55	29.14	
2.223	0.64	20.84	25.77	31.01	
2.229	0.68	23.06	27.73	32.44	
2.234	0.71	24.19	29.14	34.27	
2.239	0.72	25.14	30.01	35.53	
2.243	0.71	24.44	29.27	34.76	
2.249	0.70	24.05	29.00	33.87	
2.254	0.69	22.99	28.08	33.25	
2.259	0.69	23.69	28.42	34.02	
2.264	0.69	23.51	28.50	33.90	
2.270	0.70	23.89	28.79	33.90	
2.274	0.71	24.48	29.36	34.59	
2.279	0.68	23.18	27.65	32.60	
2.284	0.63	20.14	25.22	29.91	
2.289	0.69	23.27	28.12	33.26	
2.294	0.70	23.96	28.97	34.08	
2.298	0.69	23.15	28.14	33.28	
2.302	0.68	23.17	27.75	32.77	
2.308	0.70	23.71	28.73	34.06	
2.317	0.69	23.25	28.04	33.36	
2.331	0.72	24.81	29.75	34.76	
2.335	0.73	25.13	30.25	35.33	
2.340	0.73	25.70	30.39	35.43	
2.350	0.70	24.01	28.54	33.82	
2.354	0.71	24.47	29.27	34.48	
2.358	0.70	23.61	28.45	33.81	
2.364	0.67	22.26	27.16	32.90	
2.368	0.67	22.22	27.23	32.39	
2.372	0.66	22.20	26.98	31.86	
2.381	0.68	22.93	27.91	32.86	
2.392	0.70	23.82	28.76	33.88	
2.398	0.70	24.29	28.66	34.00	
2.405	0.70	23.54	28.60	33.84	
2.416	0.68	22.60	27.39	32.92	
2.428	0.70	24.31	29.01	34.10	
2.434	0.71	24.13	29.36	34.74	
2.440	0.70	24.06	28.96	34.00	
2.445	0.69	23.64	28.16	33.07	
2.449	0.68	23.07	27.86	33.07	
2.451	0.69	23.60	28.19	33.30	
2.457	0.70	23.66	28.66	34.14	
2.463	0.70	23.89	29.01	33.89	
2.470	0.70	24.01	28.59	34.00	
2.475	0.71	24.79	29.52	34.84	
2.481	0.70	23.93	28.81	34.63	
2.486	0.69	23.06	28.11	33.38	
2.493	0.68	23.34	27.70	33.11	
2.499	0.70	23.39	28.63	33.69	
2.505	0.71	24.65	29.31	34.81	
2.510	0.72	24.97	29.72	34.90	
2.517	0.70	23.42	28.74	34.19	
2.523	0.69	23.50	28.47	33.52	
2.528	0.69	23.61	28.27	33.38	
2.541	0.71	24.37	29.36	34.56	
2.547	0.73	25.61	30.51	35.87	
2.552	0.68	22.64	27.67	33.02	
2.558	0.73	25.64	30.45	36.43	
2.566	0.71	24.50	29.27	34.54	
2.572	0.70	23.76	28.50	33.83	
2.578	0.71	24.61	29.29	34.39	
2.584	0.72	24.80	29.57	34.97	
2.592	0.71	24.51	29.10	34.45	
2.598	0.69	23.23	28.24	33.25	
2.604	0.67	22.63	27.24	32.79	
2.617	0.72	25.24	30.17	35.41	
2.623	0.71	24.48	29.36	34.29	
2.629	0.71	24.58	29.44	34.87	
2.635	0.73	25.69	30.60	36.06	
2.643	0.67	22.85	27.51	32.37	
2.647	0.69	23.29	28.09	33.32	
2.655	0.68	22.59	27.55	32.91	
2.661	0.71	24.57	29.14	34.35	
2.667	0.70	24.05	29.00	34.03	
2.673	0.72	24.87	29.70	35.23	
2.681	0.73	25.24	30.22	35.98	
2.687	0.71	24.77	29.60	34.77	
2.694	0.71	24.60	29.45	35.04	
2.700	0.72	25.60	29.89	34.97	
2.703	0.72	24.97	29.74	34.92	
2.709	0.69	23.76	28.37	33.58	
2.715	0.69	23.54	28.43	33.67	
2.723	0.73	25.58	30.52	35.75	
2.729	0.75	26.10	31.03	36.49	
2.736	0.72	24.97	29.67	34.98	
2.742	0.70	23.98	28.81	34.19	
2.749	0.73	25.16	30.07	36.20	
2.756	0.73	25.52	30.37	35.75	
2.762	0.69	23.14	28.12	33.48	
2.768	0.70	23.59	28.61	33.96	
2.776	0.71	24.26	29.15	34.71	
2.782	0.71	24.45	29.24	34.66	
2.788	0.68	22.88	27.88	33.02	
2.794	0.69	23.57	28.14	33.14	
2.802	0.69	23.57	28.18	33.61	
2.808	0.69	23.89	28.26	33.48	
2.816	0.68	23.07	27.58	32.68	
2.825	0.71	24.40	29.19	34.37	
2.837	0.72	24.99	30.05	35.29	
2.847	0.70	23.83	28.68	34.10	
2.856	0.70	24.11	28.81	34.35	
2.866	0.71	24.62	29.39	34.74	
2.875	0.70	24.37	29.00	34.09	
2.887	0.72	24.92	29.74	34.83	
2.896	0.70	23.59	28.78	33.85	
2.905	0.71	24.01	29.38	34.02	
2.914	0.70	24.11	28.71	33.88	
2.926	0.70	23.89	29.00	34.48	
2.935	0.70	24.24	28.97	33.88	
2.945	0.69	23.85	28.40	34.17	
2.954	0.71	24.53	29.25	34.57	
2.966	0.69	23.55	28.16	33.09	
2.975	0.69	23.51	28.22	33.40	
2.984	0.68	22.88	27.62	32.53	
2.993	0.66	22.17	26.98	32.07	
3.005	0.67	22.23	27.47	32.97	
3.015	0.68	22.80	27.65	32.36	
3.054	0.70	24.48	28.87	34.49	
3.063	0.71	24.76	29.33	34.44	
3.084	0.67	22.25	27.23	32.08	
3.094	0.68	23.01	27.92	32.53	
3.103	0.73	25.47	29.93	35.18	
3.112	0.73	25.66	30.39	35.95	
3.124	0.72	25.01	29.86	34.83	
3.133	0.72	24.45	29.84	35.09	
3.142	0.72	25.14	29.88	35.29	
3.152	0.75	26.50	31.48	36.80	
3.165	0.74	25.73	30.58	35.81	
3.173	0.74	25.71	30.66	36.06	
3.180	0.71	24.56	29.46	34.72	
3.188	0.71	24.65	29.56	35.26	
3.197	0.71	24.63	29.50	34.94	
3.205	0.73	25.32	30.23	35.46	
3.212	0.72	24.51	29.69	34.88	
3.220	0.70	23.91	29.02	33.83	
3.229	0.71	24.41	29.37	34.61	
3.237	0.71	24.40	29.39	34.59	
3.244	0.72	25.32	29.98	35.21	
3.252	0.71	24.73	29.54	34.97	
3.269	0.71	24.50	29.26	34.89	
3.276	0.69	24.05	28.43	33.50	
3.284	0.71	24.88	29.59	34.94	
3.291	0.69	23.00	28.13	33.73	
3.299	0.72	25.06	29.85	35.06	
3.308	0.71	24.40	29.53	34.41	
3.316	0.69	23.16	28.05	33.47	
3.322	0.73	25.29	30.24	35.53	
3.328	0.73	25.74	30.46	35.83	
3.334	0.73	25.43	30.01	35.25	
3.340	0.72	24.83	29.60	34.86	
3.345	0.72	24.67	29.90	34.97	
3.350	0.71	24.76	29.33	34.62	
3.357	0.73	25.80	30.66	36.10	
3.362	0.73	25.51	30.10	35.38	
3.367	0.72	24.74	29.70	34.77	
3.373	0.74	25.95	30.97	36.29	
3.380	0.73	25.54	30.55	36.06	
3.390	0.72	25.13	30.01	35.73	
3.395	0.70	23.94	28.94	33.83	
3.402	0.69	23.21	28.13	33.24	
3.407	0.73	25.79	30.66	35.88	
3.413	0.72	24.45	29.71	34.35	
3.418	0.72	25.14	30.07	35.29	
3.425	0.70	24.23	28.93	34.29	
3.425	0.69	23.52	28.42	33.37	
3.430	0.72	25.12	29.98	35.70	
3.437	0.75	26.65	31.44	36.87	
3.442	0.72	25.25	29.89	35.01	
3.453	0.71	24.33	29.26	34.68	
3.459	0.72	24.76	29.71	35.09	
3.465	0.73	25.52	30.19	35.56	
3.476	0.69	23.17	28.17	33.27