# Eastern Indian Ocean Biomarker Data and Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions from 3.5 - 1.5 Ma #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31052 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/smith2020/smith2020-uk37.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # # Data_Type: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers, geochemistry, reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-09-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-09-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Eastern Indian Ocean Biomarker Data and Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions from 3.5 - 1.5 Ma #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Smith, Rebecca A.; Castañeda, Isla S. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # Provided Keywords: Indonesian Throughflow, Leeuwin Current, Pliocene, Pleistocene, sea surface temperature, productivity #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Smith, Rebecca A.; Castañeda, Isla S.; Groeneveld, Jeroen; De Vleeschouwer, David; Henderiks, Jorijntje; Christensen, Beth A.; Renema, Willem; Auer, Gerald; Bogus, Kara; Gallagher, Stephen J.; Fulthorpe, Craig S. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020 # Published_Title: Plio-Pleistocene Indonesian Throughflow variability drove Eastern Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: in review # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Ocean gateways facilitate circulation between ocean basins, thereby impacting global climate. The Indonesian Gateway transports water from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and drives the strength and intensity of the modern Leeuwin Current, which carries warm equatorial waters along the western coast of Australia to higher latitudes. Therefore, ITF dynamics are a vital component of global thermohaline circulation. Plio-Pleistocene changes in ITF behavior and Leeuwin Current intensity remain poorly constrained due to a lack of sedimentary records from regions under its influence. Here, organic geochemical proxies are used to reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) on the Northwest Australian shelf at IODP Site U1463, downstream of the ITF outlet and under the influence of the Leeuwin Current. Our new records, based on TEX86 and the long-chain diol index (LDI), provide insight into past ITF variability (3.5 to 1.5 Ma) and confirm that SST exerted a control on Australian continental hydroclimate. A significant TEX86 cooling of ca. 5°C occurs within the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; 3.3 to 3.1 Ma) suggesting this interval was characterized by SST fluctuations at Site U1463. A major feature of both the TEX86 and LDI records is a strong cooling from ~1.7 to 1.5 Ma. We suggest this event reflects a reduction in Leeuwin Current intensity due to a major step in ongoing ITF constriction, accompanied by a switch from South to North Pacific source waters entering the ITF inlet. Our new data suggest that an additional ITF constriction event may have occurred in the Pleistocene. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US Science Support Program (USSSP) # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: IODP U1463 # Location: Indian Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: -18.97 # Southernmost_Latitude: -18.97 # Easternmost_Longitude: 117.62 # Westernmost_Longitude: 117.62 # Elevation: -145 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: U1463 Uk37 Smith2020 # First_Year: 3476000 # Last_Year: 1504000 # Time_Unit: 14C yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Species # Species_Name: # Common_Name: # Tree_Species_Code: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_CCSF_A depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,Gallagher et al. 2017 ## age_Ma age,,,million years ago,,paleoceanography,,,N,Groeneveld et al. 2020 ## UK'37 alkenone unsaturation index Uk37,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatography - flame ionization detection,N, ## C37/C38 organic compound index,,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatography - flame ionization detection,N,ratio of total C37 to C38 alkenones ## C37_ng/g C37 alkenone,,,nanogram per gram,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatography - flame ionization detection,N,conc. total C37 (C37:3 + C37:2) per gram of sediment #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: -999 depth_CCSF_A age_Ma UK'37 C37/C38 C37_ng/g 161.45 1.504 0.945 2.686 61.531 161.80 1.507 0.784 1.384 135.778 162.15 1.509 0.851 1.523 174.952 162.50 1.511 0.838 1.867 149.012 162.95 1.514 0.839 1.752 111.421 163.30 1.516 0.936 2.840 242.281 163.65 1.518 1.000 1.335 139.994 164.00 1.521 1.000 2.058 83.950 164.45 1.524 0.803 4.258 114.247 164.80 1.526 0.474 1.952 125.862 165.15 1.528 0.899 2.316 144.962 165.50 1.530 1.000 2.544 181.264 166.30 1.536 0.802 3.651 72.671 166.65 1.538 1.000 1.134 83.200 166.85 1.539 0.477 4.045 125.798 167.20 1.541 0.746 1.767 67.169 167.65 1.544 0.768 2.132 66.888 168.00 1.546 0.701 2.131 118.309 169.15 1.554 0.596 2.668 67.626 169.50 1.556 0.777 2.201 219.964 169.85 1.558 0.829 1.954 143.643 170.20 1.561 0.714 2.144 62.447 170.65 1.564 0.618 3.252 32.547 171.00 1.566 0.954 1.249 93.780 171.35 1.568 0.928 2.392 119.795 171.70 1.570 0.722 1.790 48.717 172.15 1.573 0.797 2.207 71.845 172.50 1.575 0.831 1.652 131.787 172.85 1.578 0.833 1.702 -999 173.20 1.580 0.806 2.158 212.945 173.65 1.583 0.813 1.461 295.459 174.50 1.588 1.000 2.086 202.649 174.95 1.591 1.000 2.621 120.139 175.30 1.594 1.000 2.415 80.913 175.65 1.596 0.846 2.967 117.321 176.00 1.599 0.773 2.666 87.891 176.45 1.602 1.000 1.477 67.532 176.80 1.604 1.000 2.705 120.888 177.15 1.607 1.000 1.298 136.880 177.50 1.609 0.845 3.088 184.595 177.95 1.612 0.602 1.811 65.651 178.30 1.614 0.798 1.978 105.414 179.00 1.619 0.865 2.745 161.042 179.45 1.622 1.000 2.163 245.489 179.80 1.625 1.000 2.268 105.795 180.15 1.627 0.577 1.864 175.600 180.95 1.633 0.887 2.511 68.494 181.30 1.635 1.000 1.157 121.356 181.65 1.637 0.836 2.470 264.295 182.00 1.640 0.857 3.554 224.021 182.45 1.643 0.903 2.777 166.179 182.95 1.646 1.000 1.637 645.960 183.30 1.649 0.961 1.773 271.053 183.65 1.651 0.806 2.065 275.870 184.00 1.654 1.000 3.289 238.366 184.45 1.657 1.000 1.885 227.079 185.15 1.661 0.776 1.375 339.679 185.50 1.664 1.000 2.171 209.205 185.95 1.667 1.000 2.398 301.493 186.30 1.670 0.882 1.597 250.960 186.65 1.673 0.928 2.015 112.432 187.00 1.676 0.768 2.311 248.942 187.45 1.680 0.961 1.832 174.782 187.80 1.683 0.888 2.073 216.798 188.65 1.690 1.000 1.333 64.662 189.00 1.693 0.848 1.425 62.208 189.70 1.699 0.879 2.613 84.260 190.15 1.703 0.857 3.499 127.813 190.50 1.706 0.619 2.353 196.592 190.85 1.709 1.000 2.178 192.106 191.20 1.712 0.861 2.808 -999 191.65 1.716 0.749 1.591 156.965 192.15 1.720 0.762 2.069 62.625 192.50 1.723 0.764 2.101 155.115 192.85 1.726 0.728 1.580 132.567 193.00 1.728 0.765 1.531 351.710 193.35 1.731 0.869 3.033 90.791 193.70 1.734 0.657 3.269 158.587 194.15 1.738 0.778 2.566 113.795 194.50 1.741 1.000 1.691 115.389 195.20 1.747 1.000 2.822 143.958 196.00 1.753 1.000 2.180 211.942 196.35 1.756 1.000 3.032 96.925 196.70 1.759 0.941 2.601 144.563 197.50 1.766 0.490 2.317 184.145 197.85 1.769 0.560 2.025 187.235 199.00 1.779 0.960 2.371 116.456 199.35 1.782 0.799 1.239 247.556 199.70 1.785 0.952 2.673 315.835 200.15 1.789 0.780 1.323 120.746 200.50 1.792 0.869 2.130 153.612 200.85 1.795 0.918 1.885 141.048 201.20 1.800 0.854 2.270 175.954 201.65 1.806 0.817 1.244 229.022 202.15 1.812 1.000 1.785 206.102 202.50 1.816 0.894 1.268 399.833 202.85 1.821 1.000 1.080 132.241 203.20 1.825 0.813 4.764 -999 203.65 1.831 0.417 2.549 138.765 204.00 1.835 0.733 3.379 79.383 204.35 1.840 0.677 4.373 190.983 205.15 1.850 0.875 3.296 46.214 205.50 1.854 0.443 2.510 149.863 205.85 1.859 0.642 1.467 171.765 206.20 1.863 0.953 2.086 195.187 206.65 1.869 0.456 4.745 125.504 207.00 1.874 0.793 1.300 84.447 207.35 1.878 0.811 3.476 89.257 207.70 1.882 0.805 1.576 109.403 208.15 1.888 0.973 2.033 293.805 208.50 1.893 0.565 1.857 148.977 208.85 1.897 0.599 2.023 126.059 209.20 1.901 1.000 1.347 104.556 209.65 1.907 0.689 1.494 93.074 210.00 1.912 1.000 1.182 122.689 210.35 1.916 0.801 2.290 133.626 210.70 1.920 0.641 1.670 103.971 211.15 1.926 0.846 2.295 66.837 211.75 1.934 1.000 2.076 76.927 212.10 1.938 0.845 3.168 117.243 212.45 1.943 0.816 1.355 179.290 212.80 1.947 0.968 2.542 232.364 213.25 1.953 0.886 1.967 134.831 213.60 1.957 0.947 2.361 139.078 213.95 1.962 0.873 1.318 154.617 214.75 1.972 1.000 1.469 98.769 215.10 1.976 0.936 2.657 86.873 215.45 1.981 1.000 2.324 127.791 215.70 1.984 1.000 1.116 454.121 216.15 1.990 0.843 2.142 -999 216.50 1.994 1.000 1.180 48.514 216.85 1.999 0.946 1.128 222.194 217.20 2.003 0.749 3.721 99.442 217.65 2.009 0.913 2.053 114.049 218.00 2.013 0.798 1.348 120.059 218.35 2.018 1.000 1.060 127.841 218.70 2.022 1.000 1.088 80.227 219.15 2.028 0.865 1.411 128.343 219.50 2.032 0.972 1.078 102.917 219.85 2.037 1.000 2.446 71.494 220.20 2.041 0.894 1.170 240.004 221.00 2.051 0.852 1.530 191.001 221.35 2.056 0.798 1.377 179.057 221.70 2.060 1.000 1.645 98.247 222.15 2.066 0.937 2.812 140.427 222.50 2.070 0.851 1.845 -999 222.80 2.075 1.000 1.641 258.619 223.15 2.080 1.000 2.745 251.459 223.50 2.086 1.000 2.348 500.196 223.91 2.092 1.000 2.405 309.760 224.26 2.097 0.835 1.323 363.004 224.61 2.103 0.837 3.253 271.550 224.96 2.108 0.808 2.414 284.514 225.41 2.115 0.823 1.376 126.322 225.76 2.121 0.767 3.061 187.020 226.11 2.126 1.000 2.450 144.742 226.46 2.132 0.963 2.628 365.214 226.91 2.139 0.838 1.237 193.908 227.26 2.144 0.870 3.190 310.521 227.61 2.150 0.932 1.831 439.852 227.96 2.155 0.925 2.446 516.965 228.05 2.157 0.873 1.503 261.453 228.40 2.162 0.859 1.281 345.772 229.20 2.173 0.889 1.188 441.699 229.55 2.178 0.802 1.442 222.557 229.90 2.182 0.970 1.162 154.188 230.35 2.189 1.000 2.434 85.238 230.70 2.193 0.972 1.517 109.496 231.85 2.209 1.000 1.963 93.660 232.55 2.218 0.946 0.993 182.621 232.90 2.223 0.765 1.257 197.009 233.35 2.229 0.569 1.808 161.363 234.05 2.239 1.000 2.410 58.239 235.20 2.254 0.949 2.700 90.779 235.55 2.259 1.000 1.160 103.571 235.90 2.264 1.000 1.718 -999 236.35 2.270 0.702 1.699 80.826 236.70 2.274 0.770 1.416 59.798 237.05 2.279 0.951 1.184 147.098 237.40 2.284 0.853 1.423 206.031 237.85 2.289 0.850 1.337 72.372 238.20 2.294 0.698 2.533 78.051 238.55 2.298 0.888 1.561 150.037 238.90 2.302 0.953 2.132 65.786 239.35 2.308 0.788 1.323 61.186 240.05 2.317 0.846 3.464 43.954 241.20 2.331 1.000 1.109 76.244 241.55 2.335 1.000 1.430 95.485 243.85 2.364 0.592 1.752 115.555 244.55 2.372 1.000 1.909 105.938 245.15 2.381 0.944 1.546 114.241 245.50 2.386 1.000 1.106 72.677 245.85 2.392 0.947 1.809 78.089 246.20 2.398 0.865 1.844 110.110 246.65 2.405 0.772 1.649 66.494 247.35 2.416 0.906 2.111 113.952 248.15 2.428 0.745 1.440 56.067 248.50 2.434 0.871 4.449 62.995 248.85 2.440 1.000 1.188 105.188 249.20 2.445 1.000 1.267 126.351 249.45 2.449 0.876 2.944 -999 249.60 2.451 1.000 1.046 -999 249.95 2.457 1.000 2.712 141.860 250.30 2.463 0.763 1.349 47.828 250.30 2.463 1.000 1.773 68.421 250.75 2.470 0.923 2.272 136.047 251.80 2.486 0.970 1.088 122.073 252.25 2.493 1.000 1.114 151.273 252.60 2.499 1.000 2.941 -999 252.95 2.505 1.000 1.120 74.719 253.30 2.510 0.964 1.134 87.076 253.75 2.517 1.000 2.446 115.373 254.10 2.523 1.000 1.118 89.201 254.45 2.528 1.000 1.110 89.411 255.25 2.541 1.000 1.301 75.228 255.60 2.547 1.000 2.853 92.176 255.95 2.552 0.980 1.082 82.137 256.30 2.558 0.903 4.167 30.816 256.75 2.566 1.000 1.084 61.284 257.10 2.572 0.815 3.130 27.205 257.45 2.578 1.000 1.143 80.759 257.80 2.584 0.875 2.238 72.733 258.25 2.592 0.742 1.456 47.586 258.60 2.598 0.815 2.936 88.841 258.95 2.604 1.000 1.711 106.044 260.00 2.623 0.874 2.109 -999 260.35 2.629 0.819 2.691 90.377 260.70 2.635 0.847 2.118 40.635 261.15 2.643 0.912 1.183 100.251 261.40 2.647 0.960 1.228 62.782 261.85 2.655 0.965 1.603 88.093 262.20 2.661 1.000 1.981 95.847 262.90 2.673 1.000 2.052 68.754 264.05 2.694 0.977 1.365 50.657 264.60 2.703 0.744 2.292 58.318 264.95 2.709 0.811 2.068 51.564 265.75 2.723 0.695 3.397 67.577 266.10 2.729 0.791 2.586 77.676 266.45 2.736 0.940 1.612 108.247 266.80 2.742 1.000 1.077 65.273 267.25 2.749 0.975 1.072 72.516 267.60 2.756 0.945 2.485 63.703 267.95 2.762 0.905 3.065 60.573 268.30 2.768 0.892 2.788 79.794 268.75 2.776 0.967 1.031 86.949 269.10 2.782 1.000 1.036 111.378 269.45 2.788 0.983 1.972 124.445 269.80 2.794 1.000 2.950 117.715 270.60 2.808 1.000 1.796 78.248 270.95 2.816 0.965 0.983 109.233 271.30 2.825 0.838 1.632 116.805 271.75 2.837 0.837 2.565 86.269 272.15 2.847 1.000 2.841 93.296 272.50 2.856 1.000 2.945 71.598 272.85 2.866 1.000 1.069 92.799 273.20 2.875 1.000 2.819 125.897 273.65 2.887 1.000 2.020 61.808 274.00 2.896 1.000 2.029 113.006 274.70 2.914 0.726 1.534 148.288 275.15 2.926 1.000 2.124 79.804 275.50 2.935 1.000 2.245 80.401 275.85 2.945 0.964 2.874 83.725 276.20 2.954 0.930 3.235 69.192 276.65 2.966 1.000 2.995 51.573 277.35 2.984 0.864 1.651 53.471 277.70 2.993 1.000 1.618 70.853 278.50 3.015 0.766 2.325 57.237 279.20 3.033 0.694 3.750 50.883 279.65 3.045 0.919 1.305 54.325 280.00 3.054 0.881 1.180 68.660 280.35 3.063 0.894 1.768 47.041 280.70 3.072 0.906 1.134 45.254 281.15 3.084 1.000 2.185 82.607 281.50 3.094 0.948 2.532 52.158 281.85 3.103 0.969 2.846 92.358 282.20 3.112 0.719 1.480 48.751 282.65 3.124 0.982 1.081 105.429 283.00 3.133 0.977 1.118 104.451 283.35 3.142 0.788 3.671 81.936 283.70 3.152 0.900 1.230 151.128 284.25 3.165 1.000 2.200 106.097 284.60 3.173 1.000 2.561 102.109 285.30 3.188 1.000 1.124 73.396 285.75 3.197 0.698 4.231 60.468 286.10 3.205 1.000 1.653 45.203 286.45 3.212 0.816 2.217 39.684 286.80 3.220 1.000 2.450 61.850 287.60 3.237 1.000 2.372 37.283 287.95 3.244 1.000 2.531 -999 288.30 3.252 1.000 2.281 54.062 288.75 3.261 1.000 2.103 63.633 289.10 3.269 1.000 1.727 -999 289.45 3.276 0.930 2.893 47.768 289.80 3.284 0.774 2.898 92.486 290.15 3.291 0.881 2.227 59.927 290.50 3.299 0.910 2.034 123.273 290.95 3.308 0.707 1.468 97.957 292.00 3.328 0.881 2.011 71.718 292.45 3.334 0.728 3.378 -999 292.80 3.340 1.000 2.366 91.937 293.50 3.350 0.934 2.952 64.860 293.95 3.357 0.908 1.157 116.783 294.65 3.367 1.000 2.417 45.839 295.00 3.373 1.000 1.856 106.858 295.45 3.380 0.984 2.448 80.612 296.15 3.390 0.812 1.230 63.852 296.50 3.395 0.950 3.068 85.097 296.95 3.402 1.000 2.284 89.711 297.30 3.407 0.955 2.185 -999 298.00 3.418 0.808 2.784 85.530 298.45 3.425 0.906 1.571 53.541 298.45 3.425 0.879 3.434 71.876 298.80 3.430 0.979 1.616 89.765 299.25 3.437 0.963 1.140 165.547 299.60 3.442 0.723 1.441 41.351 300.30 3.453 0.865 1.651 29.854 301.10 3.465 0.928 2.073 98.457 301.77 3.476 0.962 1.162 143.818