# Gulf of Aden 2000 Year Leaf Wax Isotope, TEX86, and SST Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19200 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2015b/tierney2015p.txt # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers, carbon isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-10-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Gulf of Aden 2000 Year Leaf Wax Isotope, TEX86, and SST Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tierney, J.E.; Ummenhofer, C.C.; deMenocal, P.B. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Gulf of Aden leaf wax isotope (dDwax and d13Cwax), TEX86 biomarker proxy data, and SST reconstruction # from 2 cores spanning the past ca. 2000 years. Also included are chronologies for both cores P178-15P and P178-BC1. # Note that the updated chronology of P178-15P supersedes the previous chronology published by Tierney and deMenocal, 2013 # (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15537). # Provided Keywords: Horn of Africa, African climate, aridity #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jessica E. Tierney, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, and Peter B. deMenocal # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-10-09 # Published_Title: Past and future rainfall in the Horn of Africa # Journal_Name: Science Advances # Volume: 1 # Issue: 9 # Pages: # Report Number: e1500682 # DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500682 # Online_Resource: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/9/e1500682.abstract # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The recent decline in Horn of Africa rainfall during the March-May "long rains" season has fomented drought and famine, threatening food security in an already vulnerable region. Some attribute this decline to anthropogenic forcing, whereas others maintain that it is a feature of internal climate variability. We show that the rate of drying in the Horn of Africa during the 20th century is unusual in the context of the last 2000 years, is synchronous with recent global and regional warming, and therefore may have an anthropogenic component. In contrast to 20th century drying, climate models predict that the Horn of Africa will become wetter as global temperatures rise. The projected increase in rainfall mainly occurs during the September-November "short rains" season, in response to large-scale weakening of the Walker circulation. Most of the models overestimate short rains precipitation while underestimating long rains precipitation, causing the Walker circulation response to unrealistically dominate the annual mean. Our results highlight the need for accurate simulation of the seasonal cycle and an improved understanding of the dynamics of the long rains season to predict future rainfall in the Horn of Africa. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-1203892 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: P178-15P # Location: Ocean>Indian Ocean>Arabian Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 11.955 # Southernmost_Latitude: 11.955 # Easternmost_Longitude: 44.3 # Westernmost_Longitude: 44.3 # Elevation: -869 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Tierney2015P # Earliest_Year: 131 # Most_Recent_Year: 1980 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 1.005 m # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology: # This chronology describes the 14C dates on core P178-15P. Calibrated ages in year BP are derived from OxCal 4.2, using the posterior DeltaR values # from the BC1 chronology. This chronology supersceded the chronology previously published by Tierney and deMenocal, 2013 (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15537) # 14C laboratory codes: OS = WHOI NOSAMS, LL = Lawrence Livermore # # Labcode depth_top depth_bottom material.dated 14C.raw.age 14C.raw_err datemeth reservoirCorr delta-R delta-R_1sig calib.14Cage calib.14Cage_1sig calib_method rejected notes # LL-152757 5 6 G. ruber (white) 475 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 <0 NaN OxCal 4.2 no after making the reservoir correction, this date is post-bomb, so rather than calibrating it, we used it to set a uniform prior on the upper bound of the core spanning from 1951-2001 (year of collection) # OS-101647 10 11 G. ruber (white) 740 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 95 46 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101648 20 21 G. ruber (white) 1030 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 368 42 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101649 30 31 G. ruber (white) 1300 20 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 575 31 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152758 41 42 G. ruber (white) 1565 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 731 36 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101650 50 51 G. ruber (white) 1480 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 782 41 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101651 60 61 G. ruber (white) 1650 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 914 37 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101652 70 71 G. ruber (white) 1840 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1121 45 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101654 80 81 G. ruber (white) 2210 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1452 46 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152759 90 91 G. ruber (white) 2465 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1709 50 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101655 110 111 G. ruber (white) 2590 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1931 45 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101657 130 131 G. ruber (white) 2910 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 2308 43 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-110259 145 146 G. ruber (white) 3150 20 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 2656 49 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152760 150 151 G. ruber (white) 3030 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 NaN NaN NaN yes this date was rejected because it is reversed. # OS-101658 160 161 G. ruber (white) 3570 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 3090 59 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101660 181 182 G. ruber (white) 3970 45 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 3596 65 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152761 200 201 G. ruber (white) 4395 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 4140 61 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156467 220 221 G. ruber (white) 4765 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 4643 69 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152762 260 261 G. ruber (white) 5485 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 5546 44 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156468 340 341 G. ruber (white) 6790 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 7051 64 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152763 420 421 G. ruber (white) 9430 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 9831 88 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156469 460 461 G. ruber (white) 10045 40 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 10687 80 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152764 520 521 G. ruber (white) 11730 40 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 12883 77 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156470 560 561 G. ruber (white) 12910 45 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 14165 141 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-159387 580 581 G. ruber (white) 14160 40 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 16187 90 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156471 600 601 G. ruber (white) 15370 70 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 17767 102 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152765 640 641 G. ruber (white) 16570 60 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 19241 119 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-159388 680 681 G. ruber (white) 21150 70 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 24548 154 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156472 700 701 G. ruber (white) 23160 160 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 26504 201 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156473 780 781 G. ruber (white) 27170 260 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 30635 240 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156474 840 841 G. ruber (white) 29180 340 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 33264 284 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152766 900 901 G. ruber (white) 34930 450 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 37001 385 OxCal 4.2 no # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm depth,,,cm,,,,,N ## age_AD age,,,year AD,,,,,N ## dDwax hydrogen isotopic composition of higher plant leaf waxes (C30 n-acid),,,per mil vs. VSMOW,,Paleoceanography,,compound-specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N ## d13Cwax carbon isotopic composition of higher plant leaf waxes (C30 n-acid),,,per mil vs. VPDB,,Paleoceanography,,compound-specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N ## tex86 tetraether index of 86 carbons,,,fraction from 0 to 1,,Paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,N ## sst median calibrated ssts from tex86,,,degrees Celsius,,Paleoceanography,,BAYSPAR Bayesian calibration (using BAYSPAR-NRS Tierney & Tingley 2014 GCA),N ## sst_1s_lower 1-sigma lower bound on ssts,,,degrees Celsius,,Paleoceanography,,BAYSPAR Bayesian calibration,N ## sst_1s_upper 1-sigma upper bound on ssts,,,degrees Celsius,,Paleoceanography,,BAYSPAR Bayesian calibration,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NaN depth_cm age_AD dDwax d13Cwax tex86 sst sst_1s_lower sst_ls_upper 0.25 1980 -123.9 -25.29 0.700 27.56 26.88 28.36 0.75 1974 -124.4 -25.39 0.697 27.36 26.68 28.20 1.25 1968 -126.7 -24.91 0.702 27.61 26.94 28.44 1.75 1962 NaN -25.17 0.701 27.58 26.91 28.34 2.25 1956 -123.0 -25.00 0.703 27.67 26.99 28.46 2.75 1951 -123.5 -25.15 0.701 27.63 26.94 28.40 3.25 1945 -124.3 -24.78 0.704 27.76 27.10 28.55 3.75 1939 NaN -24.53 0.698 27.35 26.70 28.16 4.25 1933 -125.6 -24.79 0.700 27.52 26.87 28.31 4.75 1927 -124.2 -24.57 0.699 27.43 26.79 28.27 5.5 1918 -130.5 -24.44 0.699 27.47 26.81 28.28 6.5 1905 -130.6 -24.38 0.696 27.21 26.55 28.03 7.5 1893 -132.2 -24.22 0.694 27.17 26.51 27.98 8.5 1880 -132.6 -24.11 0.693 27.09 26.45 27.91 9.5 1868 -133.0 -24.00 0.698 27.34 26.68 28.13 10.5 1855 -135.0 -24.19 0.695 27.27 26.59 28.06 11.5 1830 -135.1 -24.10 0.693 27.07 26.44 27.84 12.5 1805 NaN NaN 0.694 27.12 26.46 27.97 13.5 1776 -136.4 NaN 0.694 27.18 26.46 27.98 14.5 1747 -136.4 -24.19 0.699 27.39 26.72 28.17 15.5 1717 -135.0 -24.45 0.696 27.29 26.63 28.08 16.5 1688 -136.2 -24.35 0.695 27.16 26.44 28.00 17.5 1662 -136.0 -24.49 0.701 27.52 26.88 28.33 18.5 1635 -137.5 -24.52 0.698 27.39 26.73 28.15 19.5 1609 -133.0 -24.62 0.696 27.29 26.62 28.05 20.5 1582 -132.4 -24.64 0.696 27.28 26.63 28.04 21.5 1561 -134.8 -24.22 0.693 27.04 26.38 27.88 22.5 1540 -136.2 -24.77 0.698 27.37 26.70 28.18 23.5 1518 -129.4 -24.52 0.693 27.08 26.37 27.87 24.5 1497 -130.0 -24.46 0.697 27.37 26.68 28.18 25.5 1476 -131.8 -24.50 0.698 27.41 26.75 28.21 26.5 1454 -132.1 -24.27 0.698 27.38 26.70 28.24 27.5 1433 -127.9 -24.41 0.697 27.37 26.67 28.17 28.5 1411 -132.2 -24.14 0.694 27.12 26.47 27.93 29.5 1393 -129.6 -24.17 0.696 27.35 26.64 28.13 30.5 1375 -132.0 -23.96 0.693 27.08 26.41 27.87 31.5 1360 -129.5 -24.40 0.695 27.19 26.52 28.00 32.5 1345 -130.0 -24.29 0.698 27.38 26.71 28.19 33.5 1331 -130.5 -24.52 0.698 27.40 26.73 28.21 34.5 1317 -132.0 -24.32 0.694 27.20 26.52 28.00 35.5 1302 -128.6 -24.30 0.698 27.47 26.76 28.24 36.5 1288 -125.2 -24.64 0.689 26.83 26.17 27.64 37.5 1274 -125.7 -24.47 0.693 27.10 26.43 27.89 38.5 1260 -132.9 -24.72 0.694 27.06 26.35 27.86 39.5 1246 -131.8 -24.51 0.696 27.30 26.58 28.03 40.5 1232 -136.0 -24.51 0.697 27.37 26.72 28.17 41.5 1219 -123.2 -24.20 0.693 27.09 26.40 27.85 42.5 1213 -131.1 -24.53 0.698 27.36 26.68 28.17 43.5 1208 -130.2 -24.50 0.687 26.72 26.03 27.50 44.5 1202 -134.8 -24.50 0.696 27.39 26.73 28.11 45.5 1196 -132.4 -24.62 0.695 27.20 26.53 27.98 46.5 1191 -130.1 -24.37 0.693 27.04 26.37 27.82 47.5 1185 -123.4 -24.44 0.692 27.02 26.35 27.79 48.5 1179 -135.7 -24.39 0.697 27.39 26.72 28.16 49.5 1174 -131.2 -24.56 0.689 26.79 26.11 27.61 50.5 1168 -128.1 -24.47 0.687 26.73 26.06 27.49 51.5 1154 -125.3 -24.51 0.690 26.90 26.22 27.72 52.5 1139 -124.8 -24.24 0.698 27.38 26.70 28.14 53.5 1125 -127.6 -24.42 0.691 26.98 26.29 27.78 54.5 1112 -127.8 NaN 0.690 26.82 26.14 27.62 55.5 1098 -126.2 NaN 0.696 27.28 26.58 28.07 56.5 1084 -125.2 NaN 0.695 27.20 26.50 28.04 57.5 1072 -125.5 NaN 0.698 27.41 26.72 28.21 58.5 1060 -127.6 NaN 0.702 27.58 26.91 28.36 59.5 1048 -127.1 NaN 0.700 27.52 26.83 28.30 60.5 1036 -128.9 NaN 0.698 27.37 26.67 28.15 61.5 1016 -128.3 NaN 0.702 27.65 27.02 28.43 62.5 996 -128.1 NaN 0.702 27.59 26.92 28.36 63.5 975 -126.2 NaN 0.702 27.56 26.83 28.32 64.5 955 -124.9 NaN 0.697 27.30 26.63 28.10 65.5 934 -128.9 NaN 0.700 27.53 26.83 28.30 66.5 913 -122.1 NaN 0.698 27.44 26.80 28.27 67.5 891 -124.0 NaN 0.699 27.48 26.78 28.23 68.5 870 -131.3 NaN 0.697 27.42 26.76 28.17 69.5 850 -123.8 NaN 0.701 27.51 26.86 28.35 70.5 829 -125.9 NaN 0.703 27.64 26.96 28.42 71.5 800 -127.6 NaN 0.700 27.60 26.91 28.39 72.5 770 -123.7 NaN 0.696 27.21 26.58 28.01 73.5 735 -126.2 NaN 0.699 27.48 26.77 28.32 74.5 699 -123.9 NaN 0.700 27.46 26.77 28.22 75.5 664 -122.1 NaN 0.703 27.72 27.06 28.53 76.5 628 -126.4 NaN 0.703 27.71 27.04 28.47 77.5 596 -129.1 NaN 0.696 27.29 26.58 28.08 78.5 563 -128.0 NaN 0.701 27.56 26.90 28.39 79.5 531 -127.5 NaN 0.700 27.47 26.79 28.24 80.5 498 -130.3 NaN 0.699 27.39 26.73 28.17 81.5 473 -129.8 NaN 0.696 27.18 26.51 27.99 82.5 448 -129.5 NaN 0.700 27.49 26.82 28.28 83.5 423 -129.1 NaN 0.699 27.41 26.76 28.17 84.5 398 -130.1 NaN 0.702 27.67 26.98 28.46 85.5 372 -125.5 NaN 0.703 27.72 27.05 28.51 86.5 345 -126.4 NaN 0.705 27.89 27.23 28.70 87.5 319 -130.2 NaN 0.696 27.25 26.59 28.09 88.5 292 -126.4 NaN 0.702 27.63 26.97 28.46 89.5 267 -127.4 NaN 0.698 27.42 26.73 28.20 90.5 241 -129.2 NaN 0.697 27.33 26.66 28.13 91.5 231 -125.9 NaN 0.695 27.20 26.54 28.02 92.5 221 -127.2 NaN 0.700 27.50 26.83 28.35 93.5 210 -129.7 NaN 0.696 27.25 26.56 28.06 94.5 199 -127.2 NaN 0.698 27.41 26.71 28.23 95.5 187 -130.1 NaN 0.703 27.70 27.03 28.52 96.5 176 -128.2 NaN 0.698 27.38 26.71 28.14 97.5 165 -128.5 NaN 0.696 27.27 26.54 28.06 98.5 154 -126.5 NaN 0.698 27.37 26.67 28.20 99.5 142 -128.2 NaN 0.696 27.26 26.61 28.05 100.5 131 -129.7 NaN 0.699 27.45 26.76 28.26