# Southern Indian Ocean G. bulloides Core-top Area Density Data
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
# Data lines have no '#'
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/33332
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-33332.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/b0e1-3v98
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# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/umling2021/umling2021-avg.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; TT1811 G. bulloides Average Data
#
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2021-05-06
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2025-06-02
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Southern Indian Ocean G. bulloides Core-top Area Density Data
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Umling, N.E.; Saad, B.; Sikes, E.; Goodkin, N.F.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: Water depths range from 1796 to 3825 m
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# Publication
#   Authors: Umling, N.E., B. Saad, E. Sikes, and N.F. Goodkin
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2021
#   Published_Title: Proximity to undersaturation and the influences on G. bulloides area-density in southern Indian Ocean marine sediments 
#   Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 
#   Volume: 36
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 6
#   Pages: 
#   Report_Number: e2021PA004249
#   DOI: 10.1029/2021PA004249
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: The area density proxy of foraminiferal shell thickness and calcification intensity has the potential to provide information about past ocean CO2 content and has the benefit of small sample requirements, simple analytical techniques, and the ability to re-use the analyzed foraminifera for other paleo-proxies. Using a series of multicore core-tops collected from the southeastern Indian Ocean (1.8–3.8 km water depth), we evaluate the reliability of utilizing area density values of Globigerina bulloides from sediment cores to estimate surface ocean carbonate parameters. Because foraminifera in marine sediments can rarely be considered “pristine” (or “glassy”), we grouped area density measurements of shells to designate various stages of diagenesis. Visual signs of alteration were apparent at area density values as low as ∼0.122 × 104 µg/µm2, with deviations from the “pristine” endmember beginning at area density values of ∼0.087 × 104 µg/µm2. We find that increases in area density overprint the surface ocean carbonate signature in thicker (>0.122 × 104 µg/µm2 shells), but small increases associated with marine sedimentary burial and diagenesis can be accounted for, allowing this proxy to be applied back in time. Reconstructing the distribution of area density values in a given sample has the potential to provide valuable information on overall sample preservation by estimating the percent of well-preserved shells (<0.122 × 104 µg/µm2; %wp) in a given sample. Our %wp metric has the potential for use as a proxy for lysocline variability in addition to assessing the suitability of marine sediment samples for surface ocean reconstructions.
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#   Grant: OCE-2002630, OCE-1559080
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: TT1811
#   Location: Indian Ocean
#   Northernmost_Latitude: -32.26
#   Southernmost_Latitude: -42.481
#   Easternmost_Longitude: 85.942
#   Westernmost_Longitude: 77.129
#   Elevation_m: 
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: TT1811 G.bulloides Avg Umling2021
#   First_Year: 
#   Last_Year: 
#   Time_Unit: 
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: physical properties
#   Notes: TT1811 multicore core-top area density data set
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# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
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# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## Cruise	sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,sampling cruise identifier 
## core	sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,site name
## Lat_core	latitude ,,,degree north,,paleoceanography,,,N,latitude of core site
## Lon_core	longitude,,,degree east,,paleoceanography,,,N,longitude of core site
## water_depth	collection water depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## top_depth	depth at sample end,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N,top sample depth
## bottom_depth	depth at sample start,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N,bottom sample depth
## Total_count	number of samples,Globigerina bulloides,,count,,paleoceanography,,,N,total number of shells analyzed
## Thick_count	number of samples,Globigerina bulloides,,count,,paleoceanography,,,N,number of thick shells
## Thin_count	number of samples,Globigerina bulloides,,count,,paleoceanography,,,N,number of thin shells
## VeryThin_count	number of samples,Globigerina bulloides,,count,,paleoceanography,,,N,number of very thin shells
## VeryThick_count	number of samples,Globigerina bulloides,,count,,paleoceanography,,,N,number of very thick shells
## Avg_AD_thick	density,Globigerina bulloides,,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,averaged,,N,average area density for thick shells
## Avg_AD_thin	density,Globigerina bulloides,,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,averaged,,N,average area density for thin shells
## Avg_AD_verythin	density,Globigerina bulloides,,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,averaged,,N,average area density for very thin shells
## Avg_AD_verythick	density,Globigerina bulloides,,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,averaged,,N,average area density for very thick shells
## AD_thick_error	density,Globigerina bulloides,one standard error,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,,,N,area density standard error for thick shells
## AD_thin_error	density,Globigerina bulloides,one standard error,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,,,N,area density standard error for thin shells
## AD_verythin_error	density,Globigerina bulloides,one standard error,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,,,N,area density standard error for very thin shells
## AD_verythick_error	density,Globigerina bulloides,one standard error,nanogram per square micrometer,,paleoceanography,,,N,area density standard error for very thick shells
## %wp	foraminiferal index,Globigerina bulloides,,percent,,paleoceanography,,,N,Percent well preserved shells
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NaN
Cruise	core	Lat_core	Lon_core	water_depth	top_depth	bottom_depth	Total_count	Thick_count	Thin_count	VeryThin_count	VeryThick_count	Avg_AD_thick	Avg_AD_thin	Avg_AD_verythin	Avg_AD_verythick	AD_thick_error	AD_thin_error	AD_verythin_error	AD_verythick_error	%wp
TT1811	31MC	-42.481	80.590	2981	0	1	46	16	14	5	2	1.384986	1.041358	0.716432	NaN	0.024362	0.026403	0.043488	NaN	41.30
TT1811	32MC	-41.717	80.161	3174	0	1	54	20	20	5	3	1.394909	1.044727	0.72127	NaN	0.025612	0.02517	0.031244	NaN	46.30
TT1811	36MC	-40.745	79.928	3035	0	1	53	18	20	7	6	1.449448	1.075495	0.720598	1.779652	0.018513	0.021185	0.027716	0.045988879	50.94
TT1811	38MC	-40.156	79.055	2845	0	1	54	23	18	8	3	1.39496	1.069614	0.719016	NaN	0.017065	0.023523	0.036114	NaN	48.15
TT1811	40MC	-39.663	78.775	2954	0	1	62	30	18	3	6	1.405935	1.044338	NaN	1.701186	0.01927	0.020489	NaN	0.020904307	33.87
TT1811	43MC	-38.150	79.105	1796	0	1	60	24	25	10	0	1.375905	1.061787	0.72945	NaN	0.018358	0.020809	0.032336	NaN	58.33
TT1811	45MC	-38.475	78.745	2034	0	1	61	16	31	13	0	1.30025	1.047697	0.724216	NaN	0.018013	0.017976	0.026898	NaN	72.13
TT1811	60MC	-38.301	77.424	1930	0	1	64	26	25	8	2	1.379125	1.055909	0.715409	NaN	0.019807	0.018986	0.039667	NaN	51.56
TT1811	65MC	-38.339	77.129	2568	0	1	64	19	25	17	0	1.357159	1.080826	0.708498	NaN	0.020929	0.019555	0.027249	NaN	65.63
TT1811	74MC	-34.011	82.352	3512	0	1	53	27	18	3	5	1.339382	1.053495	NaN	1.72651	0.019071	0.0256	NaN	0.028325456	39.62
TT1811	77MC	-32.260	85.942	3825	0	1	44	21	8	2	6	1.367552	1.111056	NaN	1.703531	0.02308	0.023945	NaN	0.025448354	22.73