# Line Islands Mg/Ca and sea surface temperature reconstruction in the early and mid-Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23730 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-EEP-SSTmgca-synthesis.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-EEP-SSTmgca-RecordsUsed_Metadata.txt # Description: NOAA location of the associated Collection Metadata file # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals in carbonates, reconstruction, biomarkers #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-11 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-11 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Line Islands Mg/Ca and sea surface temperature reconstruction in the early and mid-Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: White, Sarah M.; Ravelo, A. Christina; Polissar, Pratigya J. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # Provided Keywords: ENSO, paleoclimate, foraminifera, tropical Pacific, insolation #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: White, Sarah M., Ravelo, A. Christina, and Polissar, Pratigya J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Dampened El Niño in the early and mid-Holocene due to insolation-forced warming/deepening of the thermocline # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 45 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: 316-326 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075433 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability; thus, understanding its response to climate forcing is critical. ENSO's sensitivity to changing insolation is poorly understood, due to contrasting interpretations of Holocene proxy records. Some records show dampened ENSO during the early to mid-Holocene, consistent with insolation forcing of ENSO amplitude, but other records emphasize decadal-centennial fluctuations in ENSO strength, with no clear trend. To clarify Holocene ENSO behavior, we collected proxy data spanning the last ~12 kyr and find relatively low El Niño amplitude during the early to mid-Holocene. Our data, together with published work, indicate both a long-term trend in ENSO strength due to June insolation forcing and high-amplitude decadal-centennial fluctuations; both behaviors are shown in models. The best supported mechanism for insolation-driven dampening of ENSO is weakening of the upwelling feedback by insolation-forced warming/deepening of thermocline source waters. Elucidating the thermocline's role will help predict future ENSO change. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: 1405178, 1204254 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Eastern Equatorial Pacific at 90W # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 2.25 # Southernmost_Latitude: -1.22 # Easternmost_Longitude: -89.68 # Westernmost_Longitude: -90.95 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: EEP Mg/Ca SST White2018 # First_Year: 15000 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka. #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## bin_midpt_age age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,climate reconstructions,,,N,midpoint of age bin ## V21-30_ruber_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,,normalized,,,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## V21-30_sacc_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,,normalized,,,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## TR162_22_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,,normalized,,,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## TR163-19_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,,normalized,,,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## CD38-17_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,,normalized,,,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## all_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,,,,,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average ## std_dev sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,one standard deviation,degree Celsius,,,,,,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average ## std_hi sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,one standard deviation upper bound,degree Celsius,,,,,,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average ## std_lo sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,one standard deviation lower bound,degree Celsius,,,,,,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # To learn more about data columns: The Header values tie to the Collection IDs in the Records Used Metadata file # Missing Value: NA bin_midpt_age V21-30_ruber_NORM V21-30_sacc_NORM TR162_22_NORM TR163-19_NORM CD38-17_NORM all_NORM std_dev std_hi std_lo 0.250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.750 -0.463 NA NA NA 0.129 -0.167 0.418 0.042 -0.376 1.250 NA NA -0.063 0.033 NA -0.015 0.068 0.019 -0.048 1.750 0.817 0.288 0.637 -0.467 NA 0.319 0.568 0.603 0.035 2.250 -0.073 -0.475 -0.013 NA NA -0.187 0.252 -0.061 -0.313 2.750 -0.073 0.105 0.438 NA -0.129 0.085 0.255 0.213 -0.042 3.250 0.017 -0.210 -0.213 0.433 NA 0.007 0.304 0.159 -0.145 3.750 -0.243 0.135 -0.563 NA NA -0.224 0.349 -0.049 -0.398 4.250 -0.243 -0.095 0.037 0.133 NA -0.042 0.164 0.040 -0.124 4.750 -0.448 -0.410 0.037 NA -0.229 -0.263 0.222 -0.152 -0.373 5.250 -0.813 -0.395 0.137 NA NA -0.357 0.476 -0.119 -0.595 5.750 -0.613 -0.542 -0.163 0.233 NA -0.271 0.390 -0.076 -0.466 6.250 -0.128 -0.675 -0.063 NA 0.234 -0.158 0.379 0.032 -0.348 6.750 -0.333 -0.775 -0.163 0.333 NA -0.234 0.458 -0.005 -0.463 7.250 -0.193 -0.525 0.187 NA NA -0.177 0.357 0.001 -0.355 7.750 -0.663 -0.620 0.237 NA 0.334 -0.178 0.537 0.091 -0.447 8.250 0.267 -0.752 0.637 1.133 NA 0.321 0.799 0.721 -0.078 8.750 0.597 -0.425 -0.013 NA NA 0.053 0.514 0.310 -0.204 9.250 0.057 -0.325 0.137 NA 0.537 0.101 0.353 0.278 -0.075 9.750 -0.053 -0.312 0.471 -0.067 0.703 0.148 0.421 0.359 -0.062 10.250 0.147 -0.065 1.038 NA 1.223 0.586 0.639 0.905 0.266 10.750 0.137 -0.485 0.487 -0.567 0.666 0.048 0.558 0.327 -0.231 11.250 0.037 0.115 0.987 NA 0.371 0.377 0.431 0.593 0.162 11.750 -0.083 -0.395 0.637 NA 1.085 0.311 0.673 0.648 -0.026 12.250 0.012 -0.400 -0.029 -0.467 0.652 -0.046 0.446 0.176 -0.269 12.750 -1.243 -0.092 -0.163 NA 0.174 -0.331 0.625 -0.018 -0.643 13.250 -1.153 -0.439 -0.213 -0.767 -0.121 -0.538 0.424 -0.326 -0.751 13.750 -0.853 0.075 -0.163 NA 0.248 -0.173 0.483 0.068 -0.415 14.250 -0.233 -0.695 0.288 -0.967 0.391 -0.243 0.594 0.054 -0.540 14.750 0.637 -0.835 -0.213 NA 0.179 -0.058 0.624 0.254 -0.370