# Line Islands Mg/Ca and sea surface temperature reconstruction in the early and mid-Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23730 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-WEP-SST-synthesis.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-WEP-SST-RecordsUsed_Metadata.txt # Description: NOAA location of the associated Collection Metadata file # # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals in carbonates, reconstruction, biomarkers #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-11 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-11 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Line Islands Mg/Ca and sea surface temperature reconstruction in the early and mid-Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: White, Sarah M.; Ravelo, A. Christina; Polissar, Pratigya J. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # Provided Keywords: ENSO, paleoclimate, foraminifera, tropical Pacific, insolation #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: White, Sarah M., Ravelo, A. Christina, and Polissar, Pratigya J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Dampened El Niño in the early and mid-Holocene due to insolation-forced warming/deepening of the thermocline # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 45 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: 316-326 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075433 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability; thus, understanding its response to climate forcing is critical. ENSO's sensitivity to changing insolation is poorly understood, due to contrasting interpretations of Holocene proxy records. Some records show dampened ENSO during the early to mid-Holocene, consistent with insolation forcing of ENSO amplitude, but other records emphasize decadal-centennial fluctuations in ENSO strength, with no clear trend. To clarify Holocene ENSO behavior, we collected proxy data spanning the last ~12 kyr and find relatively low El Niño amplitude during the early to mid-Holocene. Our data, together with published work, indicate both a long-term trend in ENSO strength due to June insolation forcing and high-amplitude decadal-centennial fluctuations; both behaviors are shown in models. The best supported mechanism for insolation-driven dampening of ENSO is weakening of the upwelling feedback by insolation-forced warming/deepening of thermocline source waters. Elucidating the thermocline's role will help predict future ENSO change. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: 1405178, 1204254 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Western Equatorial Pacific # Location: Western Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 14.82 # Southernmost_Latitude: -13.08 # Easternmost_Longitude: 115.2 # Westernmost_Longitude: 172.35 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: WEP SST compilation White2018 # First_Year: 15000 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka. #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## bin_midpt_age age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,climate reconstructions,,,N,midpoint of age bin ## MD98-2181_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## MD98-2176_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## MD98-2170_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## ODP_806_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## GeoB10069-3_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## MD97-2141_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## ERDC-92_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## ODP_871_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## MD01-2378_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## MD98-2188_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## 13GGC_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## 70GGC_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## Muschu-Koil_coral_NORM sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## MD06-3075_NORM sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,temperature normalized to 0-4 ka average; Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average; normalized temperatures were averaged within each age bin; temperatures were taken as originally published ## all_NORM sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium; strontium/calcium; alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average ## std_dev sea surface temperature,,one standard deviation,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average ## std_hi sea surface temperature,,one standard deviation upper bound,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average ## std_lo sea surface temperature,,one standard deviation lower bound,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,average temperature of all records in age bin; average Celsius anomaly from 0-4 ka average #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # To learn more about data columns: The Header values tie to the Collection IDs in the Records Used Metadata file # Missing Value: NA bin_midpt_age MD98-2181_NORM MD98-2176_NORM MD98-2170_NORM ODP_806_NORM GeoB10069-3_NORM MD97-2141_NORM ERDC-92_NORM ODP_871_NORM MD01-2378_NORM MD98-2188_NORM 13GGC_NORM 70GGC_NORM Muschu-Koil_coral_NORM MD06-3075_NORM all_NORM std_dev std_hi std_lo 0.250 -0.101 -0.294 NA NA -0.462 NA NA -0.250 NA -0.130 -0.374 -0.192 -0.078 0.222 -0.184 0.136478 -0.116 -0.253 0.750 0.357 0.007 NA NA -0.321 NA NA NA 0.256 0.120 0.011 0.005 NA 0.189762 0.078 0.217542 0.187 -0.031 1.250 0.237 -0.076 NA NA 0.163 NA 0.167 NA 0.167 0.159 -0.114 -0.045 NA -0.32624 0.037 0.136454 0.105 -0.032 1.750 -0.481 0.071 -0.027 NA -0.083 NA NA NA -0.217 -0.259 -0.075 0.241 NA -0.11274 -0.105 0.219132 0.005 -0.214 2.250 -0.225 0.293 -0.055 NA 0.101 NA NA NA -0.155 -0.080 0.155 -0.254 0.241 0.133 0.016 0.202056 0.117 -0.085 2.750 -0.182 0.209 0.113 NA 0.038 NA -0.033 0.250 -0.042 0.013 0.049 0.330 NA 0.113095 0.078 0.153656 0.155 0.001 3.250 0.556 0.025 0.258 NA 0.238 NA NA NA -0.065 0.246 0.040 0.192 NA 0.299762 0.199 0.192216 0.295 0.103 3.750 0.239 -0.124 -0.052 NA 0.107 NA -0.133 NA 0.129 0.196 0.305 -0.031 NA 0.096429 0.073 0.161397 0.154 -0.007 4.250 0.017 0.030 0.128 0.000 0.487 0.000 NA NA -0.025 -0.004 0.340 0.004 NA 0.273095 0.114 0.175152 0.201 0.026 4.750 0.254 0.485 -0.382 NA 0.197 0.014 NA NA 0.026 -0.071 0.263 0.285 NA 0.159762 0.123 0.253074 0.250 -0.003 5.250 0.721 0.481 -0.287 NA 0.615 -0.130 NA NA -0.027 0.193 0.153 0.132 -0.254 0.135 0.157 0.352143 0.334 -0.019 5.750 0.366 0.793 NA NA 0.433 -0.152 NA -0.350 0.275 0.353 0.169 0.190 0.261 -0.240 0.191 0.313049 0.347 0.034 6.250 0.366 0.223 0.188 0.100 0.599 0.301 -0.233 NA 0.347 0.173 0.036 0.524 -0.031 0.000 0.199 0.233511 0.316 0.083 6.750 0.347 0.655 0.306 0.600 0.881 0.240 -0.333 NA 0.777 0.538 0.273 0.281 NA -0.19024 0.364 0.331643 0.530 0.199 7.250 0.635 0.385 -0.142 0.400 0.573 -0.332 NA NA 0.365 0.073 0.497 0.360 0.144 -0.235 0.227 0.301727 0.378 0.076 7.750 0.605 0.290 NA NA 0.644 -0.093 NA NA 0.525 0.053 0.410 0.880 0.132 -0.150 0.330 0.314518 0.487 0.172 8.250 0.413 0.731 0.208 NA 0.497 0.105 NA NA 0.684 -0.162 0.680 0.153 NA -0.150 0.316 0.31022 0.471 0.161 8.750 0.411 0.486 0.608 -0.200 0.640 0.248 NA -0.050 0.721 -0.127 0.579 0.353 NA -0.190 0.290 0.325712 0.453 0.127 9.250 0.315 0.510 0.288 0.600 0.766 0.505 NA NA 0.298 0.079 0.526 -0.055 NA -0.630 0.291 0.247249 0.415 0.167 9.750 0.712 0.288 0.768 0.500 1.012 0.074 NA NA 0.973 0.013 0.277 -0.029 NA -0.325 0.388 0.391448 0.583 0.192 10.250 0.957 0.060 NA NA 1.508 0.155 -0.333 NA 0.758 -0.337 0.149 -0.154 NA -0.580 0.218 0.633891 0.535 -0.099 10.750 0.593 0.295 0.402 NA 1.128 0.244 -0.233 NA 0.716 -0.412 0.856 -0.288 NA -0.540 0.251 0.515772 0.509 -0.007 11.250 0.575 -0.450 -0.052 0.300 0.897 0.601 -0.133 NA 1.112 -1.054 NA -0.389 NA -0.970 0.040 0.675708 0.378 -0.298 11.750 0.531 -0.384 -0.432 0.000 1.047 0.437 NA 0.250 0.427 -1.137 NA -0.474 NA -0.955 -0.063 0.637634 0.256 -0.382 12.250 0.406 -0.141 -0.702 NA 0.371 0.033 -0.033 NA 0.073 -1.850 NA -0.248 NA -1.370 -0.346 0.690867 -0.001 -0.692 12.750 -0.007 -0.636 -0.895 0.000 0.010 0.056 NA NA -0.035 -1.616 NA -0.366 NA -1.715 -0.520 0.570303 -0.235 -0.806 13.250 -0.088 -0.388 -1.537 NA -0.279 -0.380 0.067 NA -0.251 NA NA -0.739 NA -1.500 -0.566 0.498466 -0.317 -0.815 13.750 0.113 -0.172 -1.032 -0.500 -0.060 -0.214 NA NA -0.498 NA NA -1.057 NA -1.495 -0.546 0.432394 -0.330 -0.762 14.250 -0.824 -0.599 -1.517 -0.400 -0.451 -0.483 NA NA -0.546 NA NA -1.272 NA -1.475 -0.841 0.416074 -0.633 -1.049 14.750 -1.573 -0.968 -1.959 NA -0.751 -0.808 -0.133 -0.750 -0.338 NA NA NA NA -1.410 -0.966 0.601769 -0.665 -1.266