# Ha'afera Island, Tonga Annually-Averaged Porites lutea Sr/Ca and d18O Data from 1791-2004 AD
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
# Data lines have no '#'
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15238
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-15238.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges
#
# Dataset_DOI:
#
# Science_Keywords: 
#---------------------------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wu2013/wu2013-d18o.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; TH1 d18O Data
#
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2021-11-09
#---------------------------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2021-11-09
#---------------------------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Ha'afera Island, Tonga Annually-Averaged Porites lutea Sr/Ca and d18O Data from 1791-2004 AD
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Wu, H.C.; Linsley, B.K.; Dassié, E.P.; Schiraldi, B.; deMenocal, P.B.
#---------------------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: 
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Wu, H.C., Linsley, B.K., Dassié, E.P., Schiraldi, B., and deMenocal, P.B.
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2013
#   Published_Title: Oceanographic variability in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region over the last 210 years from multi-site coral Sr/Ca records.
#   Journal_Name: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
#   Volume: 14
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 5
#   Pages: 1435-1453
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1029/2012GC004293
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: In the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the variability in a sub-seasonally resolved microatoll Porites colony Sr/Ca record from Tonga and a previously published high-resolution record from Fiji are strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) over the calibration period from 1981 to 2004 (R2 = 0.67–0.68). However, the Sr/Ca-derived SST correlation to instrumental SST decreases back in time. The lower frequency secular trend (~1°C) and decadal-scale (~2–3°C) modes in Sr/Ca-derived SST are almost two times larger than that observed in instrumental SST. The coral Sr/Ca records suggest that local effects on SST generate larger amplitude variability than gridded SST products indicate. Reconstructed d18O of seawater (d18Osw) at these sites correlate with instrumental sea surface salinity (SSS; r = 0.64–0.67) but not local precipitation (r = -0.10 to -0.22) demonstrating that the advection and mixing of different salinity water masses may be the predominant control on d18Osw in this region. The Sr/Ca records indicate SST warming over the last 100 years and appears to be related to the expansion of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) including an increasing rate of expansion in the last ~20 years. The reconstructed d18Osw over the last 100 years also shows surface water freshening across the SPCZ. The warming and freshening of the surface ocean in our study area suggests that the SPCZ has been shifting (expanding) southeast, possibly related to the southward shift and intensification of the South Pacific gyre over the last 50 years in response to strengthened westerly winds.
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Linsley, B.K., Zhang, P., Kaplan, A., Howe, S.S., and Wellington, G.M.
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2008
#   Published_Title: Interdecadal-decadal climate variability from multicoral oxygen isotope records in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region since 1650 AD
#   Journal_Name: Paleoceanography
#   Volume: 23
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 2
#   Pages: 
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1029/2007PA001539
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: In the South Pacific, interdecadal-decadal oceanic and atmospheric variability, referred to as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), is most pronounced in the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) salinity front region. Here we have used annual average oxygen isotope (d18O) time series from five coral cores collected from Fiji and Tonga in this region to construct a Fiji-Tonga Interdecadal-Decadal Pacific Oscillation (F-T IDPO) index of low-frequency (>9 and <55 years) climate variability back to 1650 A.D. We first demonstrate the consistency between this F-T IDPO index and a mean sea level (MSL) pressure-based SPCZ position index (SPI) (1891–2000), thus verifying the ability of coral d18O to record past interdecadal-decadal climatic variations in this region back to 1891. The F-T IDPO index is then shown to be synchronous with the IPO index (1856–2000), suggesting that this coral-based index effectively represents the interdecadal-decadal scale climate variance back to 1650. The regularity of the F-T IDPO index indicates that interdecadal-decadal variability in the SPCZ region has been relatively constant over the past 350 years with a mean frequency of ~20 years (variance peaks near 11 and 35 years). There is a consistent antiphase correlation of the F-T IDPO index and the interdecadal-decadal components in equatorial Pacific coral d18O series from Maiana and Palmyra. This observation indicates that the eastward expansion (westward contraction) of the eastern salinity front of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) occurs simultaneously (±<1 year) with the westward (eastward) shift of the SPCZ salinity front during positive IPO (negative IPO) phases. This is the same relationship observed during the phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#   Grant: OCE-0318296
#---------------------------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Ha'afera, Tonga
#   Location: Pacific Ocean
#   Northernmost_Latitude: -19.933333
#   Southernmost_Latitude: -19.933333
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -174.716667
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -174.716667
#   Elevation_m: -1
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: TH1 d18O Wu2013
#   First_Year: 1791
#   Last_Year: 2004
#   Time_Unit: year Common Era
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## year_AD	age,,,year Common Era,annual,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,
## TH1_d18O	delta 18O,Porites lutea,,per mil VPDB,annual,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
#------------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NaN
year_AD	TH1_d18O	
2004.5	-5.038	
2003.5	-4.995	
2002.5	-4.992	
2001.5	-5.048	
2000.5	-4.999	
1999.5	-5.096	
1998.5	-4.808	
1997.5	-4.824	
1996.5	-4.998	
1995.5	-5.04	
1994.5	-4.847	
1993.5	-4.877	
1992.5	-4.824	
1991.5	-4.931	
1990.5	-4.961	
1989.5	-5.041	
1988.5	-4.965	
1987.5	-4.884	
1986.5	-4.922	
1985.5	-4.872	
1984.5	-4.863	
1983.5	-4.738	
1982.5	-4.815	
1981.5	-4.914	
1980.5	-4.898	
1979.5	-4.934	
1978.5	-4.783	
1977.5	-4.765	
1976.5	-4.946	
1975.5	-4.96	
1974.5	-5.046	
1973.5	-4.926	
1972.5	-4.909	
1971.5	-5.064	
1970.5	-4.971	
1969.5	-4.796	
1968.5	-4.978	
1967.5	-4.89	
1966.5	-4.736	
1965.5	-4.848	
1964.5	-4.895	
1963.5	-4.885	
1962.5	-4.972	
1961.5	-4.903	
1960.5	-4.948	
1959.5	-4.946	
1958.5	-4.848	
1957.5	-4.951	
1956.5	-5.112	
1955.5	-5.09	
1954.5	-4.949	
1953.5	-4.79	
1952.5	-4.854	
1951.5	-4.931	
1950.5	-5.076	
1949.5	-4.927	
1948.5	-4.983	
1947.5	-4.85	
1946.5	-4.956	
1945.5	-4.824	
1944.5	-4.894	
1943.5	-4.868	
1942.5	-4.722	
1941.5	-4.695	
1940.5	-4.671	
1939.5	-4.902	
1938.5	-4.853	
1937.5	-4.842	
1936.5	-5.023	
1935.5	-4.876	
1934.5	-5.078	
1933.5	-5.044	
1932.5	-4.615	
1931.5	NaN	
1930.5	NaN	
1929.5	-4.901	
1928.5	-4.894	
1927.5	-5.047	
1926.5	-4.806	
1925.5	-4.946	
1924.5	-4.808	
1923.5	-4.853	
1922.5	-4.847	
1921.5	-5.002	
1920.5	-4.772	
1919.5	-4.7	
1918.5	-4.857	
1917.5	-5.088	
1916.5	-4.963	
1915.5	-4.77	
1914.5	-4.695	
1913.5	-4.722	
1912.5	-4.801	
1911.5	-4.885	
1910.5	-4.908	
1909.5	-4.954	
1908.5	-4.928	
1907.5	-4.735	
1906.5	-4.791	
1905.5	-4.599	
1904.5	-4.81	
1903.5	-4.711	
1902.5	-4.84	
1901.5	-4.652	
1900.5	-4.902	
1899.5	-4.787	
1898.5	-4.858	
1897.5	-4.628	
1896.5	-4.64	
1895.5	-4.815	
1894.5	-4.859	
1893.5	-4.938	
1892.5	-4.845	
1891.5	-4.838	
1890.5	-4.832	
1889.5	-4.644	
1888.5	-4.916	
1887.5	-4.933	
1886.5	-4.703	
1885.5	-4.645	
1884.5	-4.78	
1883.5	-4.789	
1882.5	-4.904	
1881.5	-4.902	
1880.5	-4.944	
1879.5	-4.916	
1878.5	-4.697	
1877.5	-4.601	
1876.5	-4.785	
1875.5	-4.796	
1874.5	-4.789	
1873.5	-4.786	
1872.5	-4.886	
1871.5	-4.963	
1870.5	-4.84	
1869.5	-4.632	
1868.5	-4.896	
1867.5	-4.809	
1866.5	-4.722	
1865.5	-4.813	
1864.5	-4.803	
1863.5	-4.735	
1862.5	NaN	
1861.5	-4.937	
1860.5	-5.016	
1859.5	-4.883	
1858.5	-4.902	
1857.5	-4.894	
1856.5	-5.015	
1855.5	-4.672	
1854.5	-4.776	
1853.5	-4.809	
1852.5	-4.791	
1851.5	-4.699	
1850.5	-4.704	
1849.5	-4.844	
1848.5	-4.976	
1847.5	-4.873	
1846.5	-4.878	
1845.5	-4.73	
1844.5	-4.796	
1843.5	-4.786	
1842.5	-4.852	
1841.5	-4.822	
1840.5	-4.717	
1839.5	-4.649	
1838.5	-4.638	
1837.5	-4.853	
1836.5	-4.721	
1835.5	-4.844	
1834.5	-4.911	
1833.5	-4.793	
1832.5	-4.805	
1831.5	-4.922	
1830.5	-5.005	
1829.5	-5.122	
1828.5	-5.111	
1827.5	-5.097	
1826.5	-5.121	
1825.5	-4.753	
1824.5	-4.991	
1823.5	-4.968	
1822.5	-4.896	
1821.5	-4.991	
1820.5	-5.168	
1819.5	NaN	
1818.5	-5.006	
1817.5	-4.878	
1816.5	-4.913	
1815.5	-4.798	
1814.5	-4.923	
1813.5	-4.918	
1812.5	-5.005	
1811.5	-5.014	
1810.5	-4.717	
1809.5	-4.652	
1808.5	-4.784	
1807.5	-4.832	
1806.5	-4.937	
1805.5	-4.909	
1804.5	-5.018	
1803.5	-4.83	
1802.5	-4.609	
1801.5	-4.827	
1800.5	-4.971	
1799.5	-4.825	
1798.5	-4.856	
1797.5	-4.754	
1796.5	-4.85	
1795.5	-4.854	
1794.5	-4.951	
1793.5	-5.104	
1792.5	-4.684	
1791.5	NaN