Temperature Variation in China During the Last Two Millennia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCES WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Temperature Variation in China During the Last Two Millennia LAST UPDATE: 9/2002 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Yang Bao, Institute of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2002-061 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Yang, B., et al., 2002, Temperature Variation in China During the Last Two Millennia. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2002-061. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Yang, B., Braeuning, A., Johnson, K.R., and Yafeng, S., 2002, General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters, 10.1029/2001GL014485, 11 May 2002. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: China PERIOD OF RECORD: 0-1990 A.D. ABSTRACT: Three alternate China-wide temperature composites covering the last 2000 years were established by combining multiple paleoclimate proxy records obtained from ice cores, tree rings, lake sediments and historical documents. Five periods of temperature variation can be identified: a warm stage in AD 0-240, a cold interval between AD 240 and 800, a return to warm conditions from AD 800-1400, including the Medieval Warm Period between AD 800-1100, the cool Little Ice Age period between 1400-1920, and the present warm stage since 1920. Regional temperature variation is found during AD 800-1100, when warm conditions occurred in Eastern China and in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and in AD 1150-1380, when the southern Tibetan Plateau experienced a warm interval. In contrast, evidence for cool conditions during the LIA is more consistent among the proxy records. The temperature reconstructions for China and the Northern Hemisphere show good agreement over the past millennium. DESCRIPTION: 2000 year, decadal resolution multi-proxy temperature reconstructions for China. Four of the proxy series are from the Tibetan Plateau: the Guliya and Dunde ice cores, Dulan tree-ring record, and a southern Tibetan Plateau composite tree-ring record. Five series were obtained from Eastern China and Japan, including Jinchuan peat, eastern China documentary evidence, tree-ring series from Japan, and two Taiwanese lake sediment records. Three temperature reconstruction time series are presented. The first, called “H-res”, was derived by averaging only the high-resolution proxy records. Considering the relatively large age uncertainties of the lake-sediment and peat records (±50 years), these records were not included in this composite. The second composite, named “Complete”, was derived directly by averaging all 9 proxy records. The “Weighted” composite reconstruction was formed by combining area weighted regional proxy records. Wang and Gong [2000] used this method to establish an annual mean temperature series of China for the period 1880 to 1998. They divided the Chinese territory into ten regions according to inter-correlations among gridded 1° × 1° latitude × longitude mean temperature records. According to Wang and Gong [2000], the area weights of Eastern China, Dunde ice core, Guliya ice core, southern TP tree-rings and Jinchuan peat are 0.329, 0.198, 0.149, 0.182 and 0.131, respectively. The data of Great Ghost Lake and Jiaming Lake in Taiwan were considered with an area weight of 0.011. DATA: Year Complete H-res Sample Number Weighted 0 -0.63033 -1.0851 5 -0.21212 10 -0.00931 -0.5309 5 0.02085 20 0.69645 0.9429 6 0.82912 30 0.42261 0.18625 6 0.60224 40 0.4468 0.31371 6 0.62001 50 0.24514 0.09545 6 0.37011 60 0.12175 -0.11398 6 0.16798 70 0.07859 -0.30045 6 0.10587 80 -0.07995 -0.4532 6 0.102 90 -0.34637 -0.56792 6 0.06019 100 -0.41157 -0.44574 6 0.10196 110 -0.30049 -0.30101 6 0.1322 120 -0.05712 -0.11504 6 0.22427 130 -0.09841 -0.48519 7 0.43006 140 0.38241 0.10934 7 0.66495 150 0.40659 0.16194 8 0.80822 160 0.55568 0.45119 8 0.86517 170 0.65746 0.67119 8 0.90201 180 0.65782 0.77951 8 0.91578 190 0.57963 0.84569 8 0.83411 200 0.47838 0.71022 9 0.99668 210 0.68156 0.86571 9 1.07181 220 0.90009 1.08262 9 1.2697 230 0.35881 0.41445 9 0.63523 240 -0.18556 -0.18753 9 0.2089 250 0.02287 0.19729 9 0.2826 260 -0.18876 -0.18447 9 0.00255 270 -0.1869 -0.32678 9 -0.02201 280 -0.1141 -0.38838 9 -0.16714 290 0.2721 0.0606 9 0.09526 300 -0.07784 -0.48366 9 -0.22894 310 -0.15687 -0.50568 9 -0.30699 320 -0.29688 -0.63195 9 -0.54208 330 -0.09962 -0.33981 9 -0.35815 340 -0.14372 -0.44681 9 -0.43661 350 -0.14227 -0.46303 9 -0.25194 360 -0.0554 -0.2836 9 -0.05213 370 -0.16342 -0.31072 9 -0.14501 380 -0.00288 0.1011 9 -0.0715 390 -0.32699 -0.24361 9 0.06151 400 -0.26391 -0.04188 9 -0.01131 410 -0.3633 -0.10549 9 -0.11402 420 -0.40553 -0.11958 9 -0.06436 430 -0.59042 -0.42239 9 -0.23777 440 -0.58413 -0.56054 9 -0.30991 450 -0.37381 -0.47033 9 -0.295 460 -0.39283 -0.63859 9 -0.3361 470 -0.49865 -0.79042 9 -0.54698 480 -0.42914 -0.68102 9 -0.58434 490 -0.27537 -0.55286 9 -0.67677 500 -0.2761 -0.63656 8 -0.65806 510 0.03479 -0.10883 8 -0.27556 520 -0.21573 -0.35782 8 -0.45541 530 -0.33537 -0.48664 8 -0.59861 540 -0.57658 -0.79688 8 -0.60825 550 -0.80707 -0.9899 8 -0.83254 560 -0.39942 -0.1453 8 -0.45357 570 -0.37494 -0.08328 8 -0.24462 580 -0.4354 -0.33199 8 -0.44726 590 0.09224 0.31696 8 -0.07585 600 0.27284 0.44175 8 -0.11563 610 0.37293 0.49221 8 0.07158 620 0.32643 0.41069 8 0.18197 630 -0.12527 -0.19872 8 -0.05009 640 -0.10189 -0.05996 8 0.14106 650 -0.43946 -0.6441 8 0.0204 660 -0.08218 -0.18957 8 0.32555 670 -0.11401 -0.28059 8 0.31543 680 -0.19973 -0.31568 8 0.31996 690 -0.24246 -0.16403 8 0.39788 700 -0.4625 -0.25729 8 0.40161 710 -0.54228 -0.25684 8 0.37093 720 -0.46603 -0.2315 8 0.53051 730 -0.37073 -0.29559 8 0.62119 740 -0.21399 -0.18771 8 0.39544 750 -0.16631 -0.10417 8 0.20585 760 0.33659 0.65264 8 0.42551 770 0.28456 0.31296 8 0.35619 780 0.12584 -0.12984 8 0.41731 790 0.32952 0.3352 8 0.33666 800 -0.05281 -0.09434 8 -0.05603 810 0.20458 0.22039 8 -0.06507 820 0.65127 0.69366 8 0.37557 830 0.59147 0.40985 8 0.26097 840 1.18896 1.22424 8 0.54742 850 1.02817 0.84725 8 0.62658 860 1.00608 0.76321 8 0.51198 870 1.07716 0.927 8 0.36413 880 0.94112 0.79186 8 0.39885 890 0.55405 0.23414 8 0.01634 900 -0.01555 -0.56685 8 -0.21186 910 -0.15602 -0.58285 8 -0.51638 920 0.12099 4.50E-04 8 -0.28001 930 0.38141 0.31582 8 0.02106 940 0.55054 0.38373 8 0.3598 950 0.41768 0.09301 8 0.22682 960 1.05834 1.15916 8 0.45958 970 0.88972 0.96008 8 0.37072 980 0.55095 0.52991 8 -0.01725 990 0.33567 0.36588 8 -0.09659 1000 -0.04744 -0.08603 8 -0.18471 1010 0.13875 0.24482 8 -0.08156 1020 0.45283 0.59304 8 0.13549 1030 0.7098 0.70124 8 0.55147 1040 0.9559 0.97281 8 0.90131 1050 0.73884 0.88533 9 0.77134 1060 0.61421 0.90759 9 0.66049 1070 0.68534 0.8806 9 0.66064 1080 0.50342 0.42455 9 0.58774 1090 0.22905 0.05274 9 0.16713 1100 0.15538 -0.01521 9 0.01605 1110 0.32263 0.12315 9 -0.14182 1120 0.39751 0.08236 9 -0.21192 1130 0.24055 -0.22016 9 -0.41661 1140 -0.01186 -0.56225 9 -0.71896 1150 0.07961 -0.31474 9 -0.78985 1160 0.22988 -0.00737 9 -0.39632 1170 0.44158 0.32245 9 0.09093 1180 0.19682 0.04393 9 0.17499 1190 0.05392 0.04554 9 0.35125 1200 -0.00996 0.06305 9 0.29721 1210 0.01475 -0.01965 9 0.37138 1220 -0.15274 -0.3856 9 0.21545 1230 0.18312 0.23243 9 0.29722 1240 0.41952 0.73463 9 0.33157 1250 0.31525 0.52851 9 0.50177 1260 0.1399 0.15122 9 0.39384 1270 0.01329 -0.05941 9 8.23E-04 1280 -0.22838 -0.40593 9 -0.53841 1290 -0.08201 -0.1684 9 -0.55992 1300 -0.01579 -0.04045 9 -0.42916 1310 -0.037 -0.10832 9 -0.38116 1320 0.11382 0.04728 9 -0.08472 1330 0.10836 0.04664 9 0.10487 1340 0.05818 0.03693 9 0.17354 1350 0.18024 0.26713 9 0.30864 1360 -0.00953 -0.00541 9 0.17107 1370 0.30241 0.47159 9 0.63436 1380 0.15608 0.3251 9 0.44987 1390 0.1611 0.50579 9 0.52837 1400 0.1715 0.67912 9 0.43954 1410 0.04743 0.51506 9 0.30683 1420 -0.23572 0.08378 9 0.04591 1430 -0.30932 0.0866 9 -0.10831 1440 -0.56977 -0.21164 9 -0.54954 1450 -0.57941 -0.33149 9 -0.71246 1460 -0.3827 -0.19613 9 -0.52753 1470 -0.49639 -0.4057 9 -0.65238 1480 -0.68687 -0.7134 9 -0.99429 1490 -0.68368 -0.82852 9 -0.77579 1500 -0.48341 -0.57656 9 -0.69924 1510 -0.57779 -0.55284 9 -0.89965 1520 -0.80545 -0.77524 9 -1.26787 1530 -0.63552 -0.67808 9 -1.04467 1540 -0.32924 -0.39297 9 -0.60221 1550 -0.4235 -0.4804 9 -0.55586 1560 -0.37982 -0.32852 9 -0.53651 1570 -0.21638 -0.11639 9 -0.50625 1580 -0.39112 -0.35708 9 -0.48554 1590 -0.47891 -0.32653 9 -0.62565 1600 -0.54878 -0.33645 9 -0.70226 1610 -0.74357 -0.7405 9 -0.84056 1620 -0.75847 -0.90731 9 -0.93847 1630 -0.61656 -0.69543 9 -0.8375 1640 -0.99083 -1.14523 9 -0.89584 1650 -1.01577 -1.04316 9 -1.01858 1660 -0.9378 -0.85335 9 -1.16352 1670 -0.84208 -0.76355 9 -1.0372 1680 -0.73454 -0.74573 9 -0.78025 1690 -0.57698 -0.66377 9 -0.69563 1700 -0.32443 -0.4185 9 -0.31455 1710 -0.23121 -0.42978 9 0.12062 1720 -0.09974 -0.37435 9 0.10567 1730 0.25453 0.09998 9 0.18717 1740 0.17902 0.02326 9 -0.02517 1750 0.23932 0.20605 9 0.1362 1760 0.11366 0.08779 9 0.08161 1770 0.18328 0.18926 9 0.07944 1780 0.07027 0.04895 9 0.01364 1790 0.13443 0.32292 9 0.21042 1800 -0.10782 0.17458 9 0.05522 1810 -0.3621 -0.14603 9 -0.25129 1820 -0.21031 -0.00818 9 -0.24124 1830 -0.26191 -0.20322 9 -0.4854 1840 0.00933 0.13424 9 -0.08003 1850 -0.07449 0.01994 9 -0.2201 1860 -0.16629 -0.04207 9 -0.28735 1870 -0.21399 -0.01849 9 -0.21965 1880 0.10643 0.50323 9 0.0986 1890 0.03318 0.34084 9 -0.08344 1900 0.20248 0.58084 9 0.08468 1910 -0.02353 0.40838 9 -0.06813 1920 -0.17932 0.37119 9 0.08471 1930 -0.04517 0.52159 9 0.17459 1940 0.38409 0.87944 8 0.32041 1950 0.64053 0.99641 8 0.55567 1960 0.78526 1.00724 6 0.60202 1970 1.12569 1.3537 5 0.78677 1980 1.01094 1.29118 5 0.71072 1990 1.46548 1.46548 4 0.94725