# Isla Tortuga - Elemental Ratios (Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca)
#----------------------------------------------------
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/1888
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-1888.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges
#
# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/rgen-yt73
#
# Science_Keywords: PAGES LOTRED SA2k, PAGES 2k Network
#--------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/caribbean/tortuga2003-cdca-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Isla Tortuga Coral Cd/Ca Data
#
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2004-11-03
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2025-07-11
#--------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Isla Tortuga - Elemental Ratios (Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca)
#--------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Reuer, M.K.; Boyle, E.A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6394-1866); Cole, J.E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-7809)
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: Trace element data from a M. annularis coral from Isla Tortuga, Venezuela. Isla Tortuga is located at the northern margin of the Cariaco Basin. Coral cores were collected from two sites along the southern coast of Isla Tortuga, Venezuela, (10 53'N, 65 21'W) in 1996 and 1998. Water depths ranged from approximately 2 to 3 m.
#--------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Reuer, M.K., E.A. Boyle, and J.E. Cole
#   Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
#   Published_Title: A mid-twentieth century reduction in tropical upwelling inferred from coralline trace element proxies
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2003
#   Volume: 210
#   Issue: 3-4
#   Pages: 437-452
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00162-6
#   Full_Citation:
#   Abstract: The Cariaco Basin is an important archive of past climate variability given its response to inter- and extratropical climate forcing and the accumulation of annually laminated sediments within an anoxic water column. This study presents high-resolution surface coral trace element records (Montastrea annularis and Siderastrea siderea) from Isla Tortuga, Venezuela, located within the upwelling center of this region. A two-fold reduction in Cd/Ca ratios (3.5–1.7 nmol/mol) is observed from 1946 to 1952 with no concurrent shift in Ba/Ca ratios. This reduction agrees with the hydrographic distribution of dissolved cadmium and barium and their expected response to upwelling. Significant anthropogenic variability is also observed from Pb/Ca analysis, observing three lead maxima since 1920. Kinetic control of trace element ratios is inferred from an interspecies comparison of Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios (consistent with the Sr/Ca kinetic artifact), but these artifacts are smaller than the environmental signal and do not explain the Cd/Ca transition. The trace element records agree with historical climate data and differ from sedimentary faunal abundance records, suggesting a linear response to North Atlantic extratropical forcing cannot account for the observed historical variability in this region.
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#   Grant: OCE-9510062, OCE-0002273, Graduate Research Fellowship
#--------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Isla Tortuga
#   Location: Venezuela
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 10.88
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 10.88
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -65.35
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -65.35
#   Elevation_m: -2
#--------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: Isla Tortuga CdCa
#   First_Year: 1918
#   Last_Year: 1995
#   Time_Unit: CE
#   Core_Length_m:
#   Parameter_Keywords: CdCa
#   Notes: 
#--------------------
# Chronology_Information
# Chronology:
#--------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## age_CE	age,,,year Common Era,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,
## CdCa	cadmium/calcium,Orbicella annularis,,nanomole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,N,
## CdCa_2s	cadmium/calcium,Orbicella annularis,two standard deviations,nanomole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,N,2sigma standard deviation of sample replicates
#--------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values:
age_CE	CdCa	CdCa_2s
1995.90	1.94	0.10
1995.60	2.19	0.10
1995.40	2.05	0.24
1995.30	1.53	0.06
1995.10	1.49	0.02
1994.90	1.39	0.16
1994.70	1.36	0.34
1994.50	1.16	0.14
1994.30	1.12	0.06
1994.10	1.18	0.06
1993.60	1.41	0.14
1993.40	1.27	0.02
1993.10	1.57	0.04
1992.90	1.44	0.14
1992.80	1.31	0.22
1992.40	1.48	0.34
1992.30	1.19	0.18
1992.10	1.33	0.08
1991.90	1.34	0.12
1991.80	1.59	0.42
1991.60	1.31	0.16
1991.40	1.76	0.36
1991.30	1.67	0.24
1991.10	1.55	0.02
1990.90	1.44	0.28
1990.80	1.57	0.10
1990.40	1.47	0.10
1990.30	1.38	0.10
1990.10	1.23	0.18
1989.90	1.18	0.24
1989.70	1.22	0.14
1989.50	1.10	0.14
1989.30	1.36	0.24
1989.10	1.06	0.18
1988.90	1.22	0.14
1988.80	1.38	0.06
1988.60	1.23	0.42
1988.40	1.08	0.01
1988.10	1.17	0.14
1987.90	1.13	0.12
1987.80	1.20	0.01
1987.60	1.21	0.20
1987.40	1.15	0.22
1987.10	1.09	0.01
1986.90	1.06	0.06
1986.80	1.04	0.10
1986.60	1.38	0.32
1986.40	1.16	0.22
1986.30	1.13	0.14
1986.10	1.21	0.16
1985.90	1.04	0.18
1985.80	1.05	0.08
1985.60	1.31	0.08
1985.40	1.27	0.20
1985.30	1.10	0.02
1985.10	1.16	0.06
1984.90	1.33	0.22
1984.80	1.36	0.26
1984.60	1.16	0.08
1984.40	1.21	0.02
1984.10	1.45	0.24
1983.50	1.65	0.28
1982.20	2.29	0.44
1981.90	1.59	0.34
1981.80	1.70	0.16
1981.60	1.62	0.14
1981.40	1.67	0.12
1981.30	2.22	0.28
1981.10	2.16	0.02
1980.90	1.89	0.22
1980.80	1.69	0.14
1980.60	2.04	0.32
1980.30	1.75	0.10
1980.10	1.76	0.02
1979.90	1.77	0.06
1979.80	1.43	0.08
1979.60	1.20	0.10
1979.40	1.43	0.12
1979.30	1.37	0.08
1979.10	1.58	0.08
1978.90	1.52	0.06
1978.80	1.60	0.22
1978.40	1.52	0.36
1978.30	1.48	0.06
1978.10	1.77	0.08
1977.70	1.60	0.20
1977.50	1.51	0.14
1977.30	1.41	0.01
1977.10	1.53	0.24
1976.90	1.86	0.02
1976.80	1.80	0.28
1976.60	1.87	0.44
1976.40	1.71	0.10
1976.30	2.35	0.36
1976.10	2.35	0.24
1975.90	1.69	0.01
1975.80	1.98	0.44
1975.40	1.72	0.18
1975.30	1.75	0.02
1975.10	1.77	0.12
1974.90	1.68	0.22
1974.80	1.83	0.40
1974.40	1.85	0.28
1974.30	1.67	0.04
1974.10	2.18	0.36
1973.50	2.20	0.20
1972.90	1.76	0.20
1972.80	2.12	0.14
1972.60	2.37	0.01
1972.40	2.49	0.18
1972.30	2.94	0.20
1972.10	2.43	0.02
1971.90	2.33	0.58
1971.80	1.83	0.24
1971.60	2.04	0.04
1971.40	1.87	0.12
1971.30	1.98	0.36
1971.10	1.49	0.12
1970.90	1.25	0.24
1970.80	1.46	0.08
1970.60	1.18	0.14
1970.40	2.06	0.06
1970.30	1.33	0.02
1970.10	1.70	0.06
1969.90	1.51	0.06
1969.80	1.45	0.10
1969.60	1.84	0.38
1969.40	1.77	0.14
1969.30	1.41	0.42
1969.10	1.40	0.16
1968.90	1.36	0.26
1968.80	1.50	0.04
1968.60	1.73	0.10
1968.40	1.57	0.14
1968.30	1.80	0.22
1968.10	2.04	0.24
1967.90	2.22	0.24
1967.80	2.28	0.16
1967.40	1.51	0.08
1967.10	1.55	0.12
1966.90	1.69	0.54
1966.60	1.69	0.06
1966.40	2.24	0.10
1966.10	1.82	0.08
1965.90	1.60	0.28
1965.80	1.45	0.04
1965.60	1.86	0.22
1965.40	2.09	0.44
1965.30	1.40	0.08
1965.10	1.32	0.20
1964.90	2.49	0.14
1964.50	1.71	0.06
1964.30	1.58	0.26
1964.10	1.48	0.08
1963.80	2.38	0.20
1963.30	2.00	0.30
1962.90	1.50	0.26
1962.40	1.54	0.20
1962.10	1.32	0.12
1961.90	1.92	0.12
1961.80	1.35	0.10
1961.60	1.60	0.10
1961.30	1.50	0.30
1961.10	1.68	0.30
1960.80	1.54	0.02
1960.60	1.58	0.14
1960.40	2.04	0.22
1960.10	2.06	0.32
1959.90	1.61	0.08
1959.60	1.57	0.16
1959.40	2.01	0.16
1959.30	2.29	0.08
1959.10	1.92	0.06
1958.90	2.42	0.56
1958.80	1.77	0.04
1958.60	1.98	0.32
1958.40	1.73	0.06
1958.30	1.69	0.12
1958.10	2.26	0.04
1957.90	2.05	0.18
1957.80	1.93	0.04
1957.60	1.74	0.06
1957.40	1.62	0.42
1957.30	2.13	0.06
1957.10	2.66	0.32
1956.60	2.57	0.36
1956.30	1.90	0.14
1956.10	2.48	0.54
1955.90	2.32	0.02
1955.80	2.17	0.18
1955.60	2.88	0.10
1955.40	1.79	0.08
1955.30	3.04	0.10
1955.10	2.28	0.24
1954.90	2.55	0.34
1954.70	2.21	0.26
1954.50	2.03	0.08
1954.30	2.53	0.01
1954.10	2.41	0.10
1953.90	2.00	0.10
1953.70	1.93	0.14
1953.50	1.89	0.10
1953.30	2.17	0.24
1953.10	1.65	0.01
1952.90	2.25	0.14
1952.60	1.76	0.06
1952.30	1.69	0.20
1952.10	1.92	0.22
1951.90	1.86	0.10
1951.70	1.83	0.40
1951.30	2.40	0.58
1951.10	2.17	0.24
1950.90	2.94	0.46
1950.80	2.81	0.02
1950.60	1.97	0.16
1950.40	1.78	0.44
1950.30	2.44	0.26
1950.10	2.16	0.16
1949.90	2.11	0.16
1949.80	2.56	0.10
1949.60	2.59	0.02
1949.30	3.93	0.52
1949.10	3.90	0.22
1948.90	4.09	0.30
1948.80	3.64	0.36
1948.60	3.22	0.10
1948.40	2.51	0.02
1948.30	2.90	0.34
1948.10	2.64	0.04
1947.90	2.48	0.14
1947.80	2.99	0.22
1947.60	3.35	0.22
1947.40	3.22	0.36
1947.30	4.22	0.46
1947.10	4.96	0.28
1946.50	3.23	0.14
1946.30	3.94	0.24
1946.10	4.03	0.50
1945.90	3.26	0.20
1945.60	2.55	0.06
1945.10	2.81	0.08
1944.90	2.86	0.18
1944.80	3.30	0.24
1944.60	2.70	0.01
1944.30	2.52	0.16
1944.10	2.51	0.34
1943.90	2.32	0.30
1943.80	2.35	0.14
1943.60	1.88	0.32
1943.30	4.33	0.16
1943.10	3.17	0.60
1942.50	4.25	0.54
1942.30	5.01	0.28
1942.10	3.17	0.02
1941.90	2.92	0.58
1941.80	2.98	0.18
1941.60	3.22	0.14
1941.40	3.54	0.22
1941.30	3.70	0.40
1941.10	3.82	0.16
1940.90	3.48	0.02
1940.80	2.88	0.60
1940.60	3.01	0.36
1940.40	3.08	0.16
1940.30	2.99	0.06
1940.10	2.74	0.12
1939.80	3.69	0.03
1939.60	4.03	0.02
1939.40	3.98	0.10
1939.30	4.34	0.06
1939.10	4.36	0.26
1938.90	4.01	0.36
1938.70	4.15	0.20
1938.50	3.10	0.10
1938.30	2.83	0.16
1938.10	2.95	0.18
1937.90	3.00	0.36
1937.80	3.69	0.56
1937.60	3.23	0.28
1937.40	3.18	0.14
1937.30	2.08	0.16
1937.10	2.49	0.14
1936.90	2.84	0.46
1936.80	2.88	0.44
1936.60	3.48	0.32
1936.40	2.73	0.24
1936.30	3.00	0.28
1936.10	3.35	0.30
1935.10	5.07	0.16
1934.80	4.61	0.16
1934.60	4.68	0.42
1934.40	4.07	0.32
1934.10	4.36	0.32
1933.80	3.63	0.26
1933.40	3.83	0.02
1933.30	4.13	0.42
1933.10	4.70	0.38
1932.40	3.82	0.32
1932.10	3.23	0.08
1931.90	4.26	0.02
1931.60	3.15	0.56
1931.40	2.45	0.50
1931.30	1.97	0.02
1931.10	2.66	0.48
1930.90	2.18	0.10
1930.80	2.80	0.58
1930.60	3.03	0.42
1930.40	4.08	0.32
1930.30	4.16	0.42
1930.10	3.43	0.36
1929.90	3.63	0.34
1929.40	3.04	0.50
1929.10	3.20	0.50
1928.80	3.62	0.06
1928.40	4.04	0.08
1928.30	3.84	0.22
1928.10	3.79	0.16
1927.90	4.99	0.48
1927.80	3.91	0.12
1927.40	4.13	0.44
1927.30	3.21	0.44
1927.10	3.43	0.28
1926.70	3.66	0.32
1926.50	3.75	0.08
1926.30	3.69	0.32
1926.10	3.81	0.28
1925.60	2.89	0.10
1925.40	2.52	0.24
1925.10	2.63	0.18
1924.80	3.99	0.20
1924.50	3.79	0.26
1924.20	3.01	0.04
1923.90	2.10	0.16
1923.70	1.74	0.10
1923.50	2.05	0.08
1923.30	3.94	0.54
1923.10	4.21	0.02
1922.90	3.89	0.48
1922.80	4.07	0.56
1922.40	3.34	0.16
1922.10	4.12	0.46
1921.70	3.51	0.04
1921.10	4.55	0.08
1920.90	3.61	0.08
1920.60	3.63	0.50
1920.30	3.03	0.26
1920.10	4.32	0.54
1919.40	3.81	0.08
1919.10	3.92	0.52
1918.90	3.58	0.28
1918.80	2.39	0.14
1918.60	4.22	0.40
1918.40	2.92	0.46
1918.30	3.28	0.20
1918.10	3.53	0.20