# Kiritimati Island Modern and Fossil Coral d18O and d13C Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22415 # Description: d18O and d13C data from modern and fossil corals from Kiritimati Island # # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/grothe2019/grothe2019-x13-fs21-51.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-10-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-10-29 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Kiritimati Island Modern and Fossil Coral d18O and d13C Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Grothe, P.R.; Cobb, K.M.; Liguori, G.; Di Lorenzo, E.; Capotondi, A.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Southon, J.R.; Santos, G.M.; Deocampo, D.M.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.; Chen, T.; Sayani, H.R.; Thompson, D.M.; Conroy, J. L.; Moore, A.L.; Townsend, K.; Hagos, M.; O'Connor, G.; Toth, L.T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset contains coral oxygen (d18O) and carbon (d13C) data from modern and fossil coral specimens collected on Kiritimati Island, Line Islands, central tropical Pacific. Proided are the raw data by depth and the associated running timeseries. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Grothe, P.R.; Cobb, K.M.; Liguori, G.; Di Lorenzo, E.; Capotondi, A.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Southon, J.R.; Santos, G.M.; Deocampo, D.M.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.; Chen, T.; Sayani, H.R.; Townsend, K.; Hagos, M.; O'Connor, G.; Thompson, D.M.; Toth, L.T.; Moore, A.L. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019 # Published_Title: Enhanced El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability in recent decades # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 46 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083906 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents the largest source of year-to-year global climate variability. While earth system models suggest a range of possible shifts in ENSO properties under continued greenhouse gas forcing, many centuries of preindustrial climate data are required to detect a potential shift in the properties of recent ENSO extremes. Here, we reconstruct the strength of ENSO variations over the last 7,000 years with a new ensemble of fossil coral oxygen isotope records from the Line Islands, located in the central equatorial Pacific. The corals document a significant decrease in ENSO variance of ~20% from 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, coinciding with changes in spring/fall precessional insolation. We find that ENSO variability over the last five decades is ~25% stronger than during the preindustrial. Our results provide empirical support for recent climate model projections showing an intensification of ENSO extremes under greenhouse forcing. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: 3506D33; 41888101; 1029020; 1349599 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Kiritimati Island, Line Islands # Location: Central Pacific Ocean # Country: Republic of Kiribati # Northernmost_Latitude: 2.05 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.683333 # Easternmost_Longitude: -157.15 # Westernmost_Longitude: -157.55 # Elevation: 5 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Kiritimati X13-FS21-51 Grothe2019 # Earliest_Year: 4103 # Most_Recent_Year: 4103 # Time_Unit: CalYrBP # Core_Length: # Notes: 15 year record #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # Coral Name IGSN Age Length_yrs # X12-3 IEPRG000G 1994-2012 AD 18 # X12-6 IEPRG000H 1986-2012 AD 26 # X12-D2-5 IEPRG0001 2491 18 # X13-FS21-36 IEPRG0002 2901 12 # X12-D1-6 IEPRG0003 3234 14 # X12-D1-4 IEPRG0004 3295 22 # X12-D2-1 IEPRG0005 3742 22 # X13-FS21-51 IEPRG0006 4103 15 # X13-FS21-14 IEPRG0007 4527 8 # X13-FS21-38 IEPRG0008 4729 8 # X13-FS27-2 IEPRG0009 4781 17 # X13-FS21-15 IEPRG000A 5017 19 # X13-FS21-40 IEPRG000B 5038 11 # X13-FS21-22 IEPRG000C 5103 9 # X13-FS21-45(1) IEPRG000D 5131 8 # X13-FS21-45(2) IEPRG000D 5131 7 # X13-FS21-16 IEPRG000E 5198 17 # X13-FS22-8 IEPRG000F 6296 26 #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by ""##"" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, additional information) # ## depth_mm depth, , ,millimeter, ,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## time age,,,year,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,running year ## d18Ocoral delta 18O,,,per mil VPDB,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## d13Ccoral delta 13C,,,per mil VPDB,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA # 8. X13-FS21-51 depth_mm time d18Ocoral d13Ccoral 1 15.542 -4.458 -2.009 2 15.4587 -4.392 -1.625 3 15.3753 -4.375 -1.482 4 15.292 -4.543 -1.643 5 15.2087 -4.502 -1.631 6 15.1253 -4.441 -1.07 7 15.042 -4.188 0.045 8 14.9511 -4.333 -1.139 9 14.8602 -4.462 -1.594 10 14.7693 -4.522 -1.37 11 14.6784 -4.412 -1.858 12 14.5875 -4.561 -1.629 13 14.4965 -4.652 -1.547 14 14.4056 -4.593 -1.986 15 14.3147 -4.529 -1.995 16 14.2238 -4.558 -1.307 17 14.1329 -4.585 -1.187 18 14.042 -4.321 -1.093 19 13.917 -4.404 -2.092 20 13.792 -4.349 -1.926 21 13.667 -4.378 -1.854 22 13.542 -4.487 -1.833 23 13.417 -4.67 -1.303 24 13.292 -4.552 -1.551 25 13.167 -4.405 -0.457 26 13.042 -4.114 0.473 27 12.917 -4.322 -0.62 28 12.792 -4.315 -1.02 29 12.667 -4.355 -0.941 30 12.542 -4.366 -1.704 31 12.417 -4.449 -1.479 32 12.292 -4.514 -0.788 33 12.167 -4.199 0.391 34 12.042 -4.083 0.643 35 11.9309 -4.075 -0.319 36 11.8198 -4.306 -1.919 37 11.7087 -4.526 -1.699 38 11.5976 -4.578 -2.027 39 11.4864 -4.588 -1.99 40 11.3753 -4.652 -2.014 41 11.2642 -4.529 -1.81 42 11.1531 -4.362 -0.772 43 11.042 -4.217 -0.777 44 10.942 -4.213 -1.129 45 10.842 -4.248 -1.495 46 10.742 -4.403 -1.957 47 10.642 -4.501 -1.731 48 10.542 -4.451 -1.824 49 10.442 -4.493 -1.673 50 10.342 -4.482 -1.243 51 10.242 -4.475 -1.097 52 10.142 -4.188 -0.298 53 10.042 -4.044 -0.557 54 9.917 -4.23 -1.514 55 9.792 -4.249 -2.061 56 9.667 -4.324 -1.701 57 9.542 -4.333 -1.655 58 9.417 -4.48 -1.381 59 9.292 -4.327 -1.152 60 9.167 -3.883 0.349 61 9.042 -3.7 -0.1 62 8.8991 -4.141 -0.957 63 8.7563 -4.114 -1.165 64 8.6134 -4.136 -1.233 65 8.4706 -3.987 -0.304 66 8.3277 -3.719 0.529 67 8.1849 -3.781 -0.741 68 8.042 -3.703 -1.143 69 7.917 -3.753 -2.586 70 7.792 -4.038 -3.173 71 7.667 -4.107 -3.38 72 7.542 -4.395 -3.409 73 7.417 -4.385 -3.231 74 7.292 -4.469 -3.348 75 7.167 -4.354 -2.862 76 7.042 -4.052 -1.739 77 6.9309 -4.123 -0.644 78 6.8198 -4.366 -0.881 79 6.7087 -4.455 -1.716 80 6.5976 -4.253 -1.54 81 6.4864 -4.435 -1.827 82 6.3753 -4.389 -1.559 83 6.2642 -4.467 -1.618 84 6.1531 -4.148 -0.923 85 6.042 -3.736 0.213 86 5.942 -3.862 -0.883 87 5.842 -3.822 -1.309 88 5.742 -4.245 -2.294 89 5.642 -4.116 -2.259 90 5.542 -4.17 -2.083 91 5.442 -4.367 -2.013 92 5.342 -4.352 -1.574 93 5.242 -4.453 -1.678 94 5.142 -4.551 -1.529 95 5.042 -4.403 -1.386 96 4.9309 -4.563 -1.375 97 4.8198 -4.378 -2.246 98 4.7087 -4.371 -2.105 99 4.5976 -4.318 -2.306 100 4.4864 -4.104 -2.103 101 4.3753 -4.359 -2.092 102 4.2642 -4.35 -1.775 103 4.1531 -3.977 -0.374 104 4.042 -3.765 0.177 105 3.9651 -4.183 -0.907 106 3.8882 -4.275 -1.517 107 3.8112 -4.335 -1.835 108 3.7343 -4.305 -2.083 109 3.6574 -4.377 -1.587 110 3.5805 -4.372 -1.409 111 3.5035 -4.374 -1.766 112 3.4266 -4.405 -1.689 113 3.3497 -4.38 -1.356 114 3.2728 -4.334 -1.389 115 3.1958 -4.33 -1.204 116 3.1189 -4.149 -0.959 117 3.042 -4.148 -0.942 118 2.9706 -4.111 -1.411 119 2.8991 -4.116 -1.262 120 2.8277 -4.13 -1.829 121 2.7563 -4.233 -1.707 122 2.6849 -4.403 -1.96 123 2.6134 -4.626 -2.314 124 2.542 -4.545 -2.177 125 2.4706 -4.452 -2.09 126 2.3991 -4.444 -1.929 127 2.3277 -4.555 -2.067 128 2.2563 -4.474 -2.04 129 2.1849 -4.701 -1.943 130 2.1134 -3.999 -0.359 131 2.042 -3.688 -0.138 132 1.917 -3.763 0.131 133 1.792 -3.876 -1.673 134 1.667 -3.768 -1.599 135 1.542 -4.126 -1.47 136 1.417 -4.255 -1.839 137 1.292 -4.409 -1.409 138 1.167 -4.088 -0.799 139 1.042 -3.942 -0.056 140 0.892 -4.214 -1.321 141 0.742 -4.401 -2.013 142 0.592 -4.359 -2.152 143 0.442 -4.254 -2.48 144 0.292 -4.219 -2.873