# Kiritimati Island Modern and Fossil Coral d18O and d13C Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22415 # Description: d18O and d13C data from modern and fossil corals from Kiritimati Island # # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/grothe2019/grothe2019-x13-fs27-2.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-10-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-10-29 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Kiritimati Island Modern and Fossil Coral d18O and d13C Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Grothe, P.R.; Cobb, K.M.; Liguori, G.; Di Lorenzo, E.; Capotondi, A.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Southon, J.R.; Santos, G.M.; Deocampo, D.M.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.; Chen, T.; Sayani, H.R.; Thompson, D.M.; Conroy, J. L.; Moore, A.L.; Townsend, K.; Hagos, M.; O'Connor, G.; Toth, L.T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset contains coral oxygen (d18O) and carbon (d13C) data from modern and fossil coral specimens collected on Kiritimati Island, Line Islands, central tropical Pacific. Proided are the raw data by depth and the associated running timeseries. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Grothe, P.R.; Cobb, K.M.; Liguori, G.; Di Lorenzo, E.; Capotondi, A.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Southon, J.R.; Santos, G.M.; Deocampo, D.M.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.; Chen, T.; Sayani, H.R.; Townsend, K.; Hagos, M.; O'Connor, G.; Thompson, D.M.; Toth, L.T.; Moore, A.L. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019 # Published_Title: Enhanced El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability in recent decades # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 46 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083906 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents the largest source of year-to-year global climate variability. While earth system models suggest a range of possible shifts in ENSO properties under continued greenhouse gas forcing, many centuries of preindustrial climate data are required to detect a potential shift in the properties of recent ENSO extremes. Here, we reconstruct the strength of ENSO variations over the last 7,000 years with a new ensemble of fossil coral oxygen isotope records from the Line Islands, located in the central equatorial Pacific. The corals document a significant decrease in ENSO variance of ~20% from 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, coinciding with changes in spring/fall precessional insolation. We find that ENSO variability over the last five decades is ~25% stronger than during the preindustrial. Our results provide empirical support for recent climate model projections showing an intensification of ENSO extremes under greenhouse forcing. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: 3506D33; 41888101; 1029020; 1349599 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Kiritimati Island, Line Islands # Location: Central Pacific Ocean # Country: Republic of Kiribati # Northernmost_Latitude: 2.05 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.683333 # Easternmost_Longitude: -157.15 # Westernmost_Longitude: -157.55 # Elevation: 5 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Kiritimati X13-FS27-2 Grothe2019 # Earliest_Year: 4781 # Most_Recent_Year: 4781 # Time_Unit: CalYrBP # Core_Length: # Notes: 17 year record #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # Coral Name IGSN Age Length_yrs # X12-3 IEPRG000G 1994-2012 AD 18 # X12-6 IEPRG000H 1986-2012 AD 26 # X12-D2-5 IEPRG0001 2491 18 # X13-FS21-36 IEPRG0002 2901 12 # X12-D1-6 IEPRG0003 3234 14 # X12-D1-4 IEPRG0004 3295 22 # X12-D2-1 IEPRG0005 3742 22 # X13-FS21-51 IEPRG0006 4103 15 # X13-FS21-14 IEPRG0007 4527 8 # X13-FS21-38 IEPRG0008 4729 8 # X13-FS27-2 IEPRG0009 4781 17 # X13-FS21-15 IEPRG000A 5017 19 # X13-FS21-40 IEPRG000B 5038 11 # X13-FS21-22 IEPRG000C 5103 9 # X13-FS21-45(1) IEPRG000D 5131 8 # X13-FS21-45(2) IEPRG000D 5131 7 # X13-FS21-16 IEPRG000E 5198 17 # X13-FS22-8 IEPRG000F 6296 26 #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by ""##"" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, additional information) # ## depth_mm depth, , ,millimeter, ,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## time age,,,year,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,running year ## d18Ocoral delta 18O,,,per mil VPDB,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## d13Ccoral delta 13C,,,per mil VPDB,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA # 11. X13-FS27-2 depth_mm time d18Ocoral d13Ccoral 1 17.542 -4.051 -1.381 2 17.4587 -4.139 -1.545 3 17.3753 -4.06 -2.405 4 17.292 -4 -2.926 5 17.2087 -4.062 -1.943 6 17.1253 -4.058 -1.602 7 17.042 -3.962 -1.341 8 16.9511 -4.035 -1.689 9 16.8602 -4.326 -2.226 10 16.7693 -4.312 -2.769 11 16.6784 -4.214 -3.057 12 16.5875 -4.225 -2.884 13 16.4965 -4.166 -2.545 14 16.4056 -4.181 -1.922 15 16.3147 -4.143 -1.603 16 16.2238 -4.06 -1.447 17 16.1329 -4.042 -1.557 18 16.042 -3.936 -2.545 19 15.8753 -3.987 -2.69 20 15.7087 -4.157 -2.85 21 15.542 -4.106 -2.546 22 15.3753 -3.946 -1.79 23 15.2087 -3.961 -1.064 24 15.042 -3.918 -0.375 25 14.917 -3.992 -0.706 26 14.792 -3.957 -1.338 27 14.667 -4.047 -1.496 28 14.542 -4.106 -2.379 29 14.417 -3.984 -2.598 30 14.292 -3.983 -2.388 31 14.167 -3.915 -1.259 32 14.042 -3.739 -0.812 33 13.8991 -3.821 -1.002 34 13.7563 -3.997 -1.281 35 13.6134 -3.996 -2.228 36 13.4706 -4.119 -2.665 37 13.3277 -4.161 -2.697 38 13.1849 -4.13 -2.689 39 13.042 -3.927 -1.349 40 12.9309 -3.978 -1.106 41 12.8198 -3.984 -1.52 42 12.7087 -4.129 -1.993 43 12.5976 -4.148 -2.652 44 12.4864 -4.092 -3 45 12.3753 -4.017 -2.529 46 12.2642 -4.132 -1.644 47 12.1531 -4.1 -0.992 48 12.042 -3.843 -1.236 49 11.9309 -3.922 -1.517 50 11.8198 -4.097 -2.548 51 11.7087 -4.132 -2.786 52 11.5976 -4.174 -3.216 53 11.4864 -4.164 -2.545 54 11.3753 -4.118 -2.218 55 11.2642 -4.097 -1.562 56 11.1531 -3.972 -1.589 57 11.042 -3.855 -1.794 58 10.8991 -3.945 -1.632 59 10.7563 -3.986 -2.69 60 10.6134 -4.046 -2.355 61 10.4706 -4.158 -2.194 62 10.3277 -4.242 -1.699 63 10.1849 -3.957 -1.212 64 10.042 -3.916 -1.676 65 9.8991 -3.965 -1.702 66 9.7563 -3.953 -2.229 67 9.6134 -4.071 -2.621 68 9.4706 -4.142 -1.925 69 9.3277 -4.192 -1.72 70 9.1849 -4.083 -1.001 71 9.042 -4.037 -1.018 72 8.917 -4.129 -1.534 73 8.792 -4.226 -1.912 74 8.667 -4.119 -2.61 75 8.542 -4.111 -2.625 76 8.417 -4.021 -2.369 77 8.292 -3.945 -0.705 78 8.167 -3.883 -0.64 79 8.042 -3.869 -1.167 80 7.8991 -3.922 -2.172 81 7.7563 -3.903 -2.724 82 7.6134 -4.036 -2.188 83 7.4706 -4.23 -1.785 84 7.3277 -4.141 -1.519 85 7.1849 -4.087 -1.349 86 7.042 -4.077 -1.461 87 6.917 -4.252 -2.553 88 6.792 -4.317 -2.893 89 6.667 -4.356 -2.501 90 6.542 -4.363 -2.121 91 6.417 -4.372 -1.619 92 6.292 -4.2 -1.254 93 6.167 -4.116 -1.03 94 6.042 -4.046 -1.572 95 5.792 -4.084 -2.157 96 5.542 -4.209 -2.73 97 5.292 -4.106 -2.073 98 5.042 -4.027 -1.144 99 4.8991 -3.915 -0.9 100 4.7563 -4.101 -1.363 101 4.6134 -4.127 -2.064 102 4.4706 -4.193 -2.52 103 4.3277 -4.126 -1.567 104 4.1849 -4.114 -1.191 105 4.042 -3.92 -0.572 106 3.8753 -4.071 -0.919 107 3.7087 -4.138 -1.669 108 3.542 -4.342 -1.544 109 3.3753 -4.321 -1.846 110 3.2087 -4.274 -1.58 111 3.042 -4.404 -1.222 112 2.8991 -4.344 -1.176 113 2.7563 -4.126 -1.339 114 2.6134 -4.039 -1.532 115 2.4706 -4.002 -2.06 116 2.3277 -3.999 -2.357 117 2.1849 -3.999 -1.779 118 2.042 -3.941 -1.576 119 1.8753 -4.076 -1.692 120 1.7087 -4.003 -1.109 121 1.542 -4.23 -1.766 122 1.3753 -4.032 -1.427 123 1.2087 -3.942 -1.492 124 1.042 -3.849 -1.842 125 0.9309 -3.902 -2.44 126 0.8198 -3.867 -1.765 127 0.7087 -4.063 -1.318 128 0.5976 -4.118 -1.338 129 0.4864 -3.958 -1.307 130 0.3753 -3.959 -1.327 131 0.2642 -3.906 -1.053 132 0.1531 -3.879 -1.899 133 0.042 -3.881 -1.928