# Kiritimati Island 2015/16 El Nino Coral and Seawater Oxygen Isotope Data 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/28291
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/kiritimati2021coral-d18o.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
#       Description:
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges
#
# Dataset_DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2021-04-24
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2021-04-24
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Kiritimati Island 2015/16 El Nino Coral and Seawater Oxygen Isotope Data 
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: O'Connor, G.K.; Cobb, K.M.; Sayani, H.R.; Atwood, A.T.; Grothe, P.R.; Stevenson, S.; Baum, J.K.; Chen, T.; Claar, D.C.; Hitt, N.T.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.; Schmidt, G.A.; Walter, R.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: This dataset contains modern coral oxygen isotope (d18O) data from Kiritimati Island covering the 2015/16 El Nino Event, plus in situ logger data (sea surface temperature and salinity) as well as in situ seawater bottle sample data (salinity and d18O).  
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: O'Connor, G.K., Cobb, K.M., Sayani, H.R., Atwood, A.T., Grothe, P.R., Stevenson, S., Baum, J.K., Chen, T., Claar, D.C., Hitt, N.T., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Schmidt, G.A., Walter, R.
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 submitted    
#	Published_Title: Coral oxygen isotope and in situ records capture the 2015/2016 El Nino event in the central equatorial Pacific
#	Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters
#	Volume: 
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 
#	Online_Resource: 
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Coral oxygen isotopes (d18O) from the central equatorial Pacific provide monthly-resolved records of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity over past centuries to millennia. However, calibration studies using in situ data to assess the relative contributions of warming and freshening to coral d18O records are exceedingly rare. Furthermore, the fidelity of coral d18O records under the most severe thermal stress events is difficult to assess. Here, we present six coral d18O records and in situ temperature, salinity, and seawater d18O data from Kiritimati Island (2N, 157W) spanning the very strong 2015/16 El Nino event. Local sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of +2.4+/-0.4C and seawater d18O anomalies of -0.19+/-0.02 per mil contribute to the observed coral d18O anomalies of -0.58+/-0.05 per mil, consistent with a ~70% contribution from SST and ~30% from seawater d18O. Our results demonstrate that Kiritimati coral d18O records can provide reliable reconstructions even during the largest class of El Nino events.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant: 1502832, 1658182, 1635068, 1836645, 1446343, 1446274 
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Kiritimati Island
#	Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Kiribati
#	Country:  Republic of Kiribati
#	Northernmost_Latitude:  1.93
# 	Southernmost_Latitude:  1.93
# 	Easternmost_Longitude:  -157.48
# 	Westernmost_Longitude:  -157.48
# 	Elevation:  -4
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Kiritimati2021coral-d18O
#	Earliest_Year: 2006
#	Most_Recent_Year: 2016
#	Time_Unit: Year CE
#	Core_Length: 0.061 to 0.168 m
#	Notes: 2015 El Nino Kiritimati coral data
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
#   Coral Name	IGSN	Age	Length (m)
#   X16A-D1	IECXI000B	2012-2015		0.070
#   X16A-D2	IECXI000C	2012-2016		0.061
#   X16C-D3	IECXI000D	2012-2016		0.072
#   X16C-D4	IECXI000E	2012-2016		0.067
#   X16C-D5	IECXI000F	2011-2016		0.069
#   X16C-D10	IECXI000G	2006-2016		0.168
# 	
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
#
## sample	sample identification, , , , , corals and sclerosponges, , ,C,
## age_CE	age, , , year Common Era, , corals and sclerosponges, , ,N,
## d18O_raw	delta 18O,Porites sp., ,per mil VPDB, ,corals and sclerosponges,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,	
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: 
#
sample	age_CE	d18O
X16A-D1	2015.875	-5.521
X16A-D1	2015.792	-5.571
X16A-D1	2015.708	-5.47
X16A-D1	2015.625	-5.559
X16A-D1	2015.542	-5.577
X16A-D1	2015.458	-5.504
X16A-D1	2015.375	-5.317
X16A-D1	2015.292	-5.205
X16A-D1	2015.208	-5.054
X16A-D1	2015.125	-5.139
X16A-D1	2015.042	-5.015
X16A-D1	2014.958	-5.153
X16A-D1	2014.875	-5.086
X16A-D1	2014.792	-5.203
X16A-D1	2014.708	-5.231
X16A-D1	2014.625	-5.286
X16A-D1	2014.542	-5.258
X16A-D1	2014.458	-5.316
X16A-D1	2014.375	-5.278
X16A-D1	2014.292	-5.189
X16A-D1	2014.208	-5.082
X16A-D1	2014.125	-5.012
X16A-D1	2014.042	-4.763
X16A-D1	2013.958	-4.989
X16A-D1	2013.875	-4.975
X16A-D1	2013.792	-4.885
X16A-D1	2013.708	-5.046
X16A-D1	2013.625	-5.08
X16A-D1	2013.542	-5.097
X16A-D1	2013.458	-5.085
X16A-D1	2013.375	-5.229
X16A-D1	2013.292	-5.128
X16A-D1	2013.208	-4.977
X16A-D1	2013.125	-4.861
X16A-D1	2013.042	-4.854
X16A-D1	2012.958	-4.958
X16A-D1	2012.875	-4.936
X16A-D1	2012.792	-5.156
X16A-D1	2012.708	-5.004
X16A-D1	2012.625	-5.017
X16A-D1	2012.542	-5.067
X16A-D1	2012.458	-5.118
X16A-D2	2016.375	-5.368
X16A-D2	2016.292	-5.412
X16A-D2	2016.208	-5.434
X16A-D2	2016.125	-5.433
X16A-D2	2016.042	-5.456
X16A-D2	2015.958	-5.5
X16A-D2	2015.875	-5.564
X16A-D2	2015.792	-5.417
X16A-D2	2015.708	-5.409
X16A-D2	2015.625	-5.412
X16A-D2	2015.542	-5.347
X16A-D2	2015.458	-5.179
X16A-D2	2015.375	-5.096
X16A-D2	2015.292	-5.15
X16A-D2	2015.208	-5.121
X16A-D2	2015.125	-5.058
X16A-D2	2015.042	-5.027
X16A-D2	2014.958	-5.137
X16A-D2	2014.875	-5.144
X16A-D2	2014.792	-5.118
X16A-D2	2014.708	-5.129
X16A-D2	2014.625	-5.084
X16A-D2	2014.542	-4.975
X16A-D2	2014.458	-5.096
X16A-D2	2014.375	-5.031
X16A-D2	2014.292	-4.981
X16A-D2	2014.208	-4.778
X16A-D2	2014.125	-4.783
X16A-D2	2014.042	-4.878
X16A-D2	2013.958	-4.795
X16A-D2	2013.875	-4.998
X16A-D2	2013.792	-4.9
X16A-D2	2013.708	-4.944
X16A-D2	2013.625	-4.914
X16A-D2	2013.542	-4.976
X16A-D2	2013.458	-4.994
X16A-D2	2013.375	-4.972
X16A-D2	2013.292	-4.937
X16A-D2	2013.208	-4.884
X16A-D2	2013.125	-4.887
X16A-D2	2013.042	-4.8
X16A-D2	2012.958	-4.915
X16A-D2	2012.875	-4.967
X16A-D2	2012.792	-4.93
X16A-D2	2012.708	-4.914
X16A-D2	2012.625	-5.195
X16A-D2	2012.542	-5.095
X16C-D3	2016.875	-5.148
X16C-D3	2016.792	-5.032
X16C-D3	2016.708	-5.01
X16C-D3	2016.625	-5.139
X16C-D3	2016.542	-5.105
X16C-D3	2016.458	-5.179
X16C-D3	2016.375	-5.303
X16C-D3	2016.292	-5.333
X16C-D3	2016.208	-5.258
X16C-D3	2016.125	-5.253
X16C-D3	2016.042	-5.601
X16C-D3	2015.958	-5.706
X16C-D3	2015.875	-5.954
X16C-D3	2015.792	-5.601
X16C-D3	2015.708	-5.51
X16C-D3	2015.625	-5.552
X16C-D3	2015.542	-5.217
X16C-D3	2015.458	-5.264
X16C-D3	2015.375	-5.328
X16C-D3	2015.292	-5.058
X16C-D3	2015.208	-5.047
X16C-D3	2015.125	-5.026
X16C-D3	2015.042	-4.937
X16C-D3	2014.958	-5.105
X16C-D3	2014.875	-5.128
X16C-D3	2014.792	-5.033
X16C-D3	2014.708	-5.143
X16C-D3	2014.625	-5.148
X16C-D3	2014.542	-5.066
X16C-D3	2014.458	-5.15
X16C-D3	2014.375	-5.159
X16C-D3	2014.292	-5.091
X16C-D3	2014.208	-5.111
X16C-D3	2014.125	-4.841
X16C-D3	2014.042	-4.941
X16C-D3	2013.958	-4.9
X16C-D3	2013.875	-5.136
X16C-D3	2013.792	-4.965
X16C-D3	2013.708	-4.9
X16C-D3	2013.625	-4.923
X16C-D3	2013.542	-5.055
X16C-D3	2013.458	-5.085
X16C-D3	2013.375	-5.029
X16C-D3	2013.292	-4.97
X16C-D3	2013.208	-5.106
X16C-D3	2013.125	-4.886
X16C-D3	2013.042	-4.848
X16C-D3	2012.958	-5.003
X16C-D3	2012.875	-5.069
X16C-D3	2012.792	-4.949
X16C-D3	2012.708	-4.908
X16C-D3	2012.625	-5.237
X16C-D3	2012.542	-5.12
X16C-D3	2012.458	-5.044
X16C-D3	2012.375	-5.089
X16C-D3	2012.292	-4.889
X16C-D4	2016.875	-4.86
X16C-D4	2016.792	-4.969
X16C-D4	2016.708	-4.918
X16C-D4	2016.625	-4.939
X16C-D4	2016.542	-5.074
X16C-D4	2016.458	-5.126
X16C-D4	2016.375	-5.26
X16C-D4	2016.292	-5.378
X16C-D4	2016.208	-5.288
X16C-D4	2016.125	-5.612
X16C-D4	2016.042	-5.591
X16C-D4	2015.958	-5.827
X16C-D4	2015.875	-6.088
X16C-D4	2015.792	-5.727
X16C-D4	2015.708	-5.751
X16C-D4	2015.625	-5.585
X16C-D4	2015.542	-5.248
X16C-D4	2015.458	-5.321
X16C-D4	2015.375	-5.164
X16C-D4	2015.292	-5.164
X16C-D4	2015.208	-5.157
X16C-D4	2015.125	-5.091
X16C-D4	2015.042	-5.03
X16C-D4	2014.958	-5.212
X16C-D4	2014.875	-5.138
X16C-D4	2014.792	-5.117
X16C-D4	2014.708	-5.052
X16C-D4	2014.625	-5.022
X16C-D4	2014.542	-5.062
X16C-D4	2014.458	-5.275
X16C-D4	2014.375	-5.15
X16C-D4	2014.292	-5.012
X16C-D4	2014.208	-5.08
X16C-D4	2014.125	-4.996
X16C-D4	2014.042	-4.912
X16C-D4	2013.958	-4.992
X16C-D4	2013.875	-5.101
X16C-D4	2013.792	-4.898
X16C-D4	2013.708	-4.771
X16C-D4	2013.625	-4.838
X16C-D4	2013.542	-4.869
X16C-D4	2013.458	-4.833
X16C-D4	2013.375	-4.753
X16C-D4	2013.292	-4.95
X16C-D4	2013.208	-4.788
X16C-D4	2013.125	-4.816
X16C-D4	2013.042	-4.715
X16C-D4	2012.958	-4.949
X16C-D4	2012.875	-4.928
X16C-D4	2012.792	-4.928
X16C-D4	2012.708	-4.971
X16C-D4	2012.625	-5.118
X16C-D4	2012.542	-5.049
X16C-D4	2012.458	-5.121
X16C-D4	2012.375	-4.986
X16C-D4	2012.292	-4.876
X16C-D5	2016.708	-4.606
X16C-D5	2016.625	-4.747
X16C-D5	2016.542	-4.847
X16C-D5	2016.458	-4.919
X16C-D5	2016.375	-5.006
X16C-D5	2016.292	-4.973
X16C-D5	2016.208	-4.974
X16C-D5	2016.125	-5.182
X16C-D5	2016.042	-5.205
X16C-D5	2015.958	-5.278
X16C-D5	2015.875	-5.454
X16C-D5	2015.792	-5.314
X16C-D5	2015.708	-5.157
X16C-D5	2015.625	-5.215
X16C-D5	2015.542	-5.253
X16C-D5	2015.458	-5.272
X16C-D5	2015.375	-5.072
X16C-D5	2015.292	-4.891
X16C-D5	2015.208	-4.928
X16C-D5	2015.125	-4.925
X16C-D5	2015.042	-4.854
X16C-D5	2014.958	-5.057
X16C-D5	2014.875	-5.015
X16C-D5	2014.792	-4.969
X16C-D5	2014.708	-5.068
X16C-D5	2014.625	-5.076
X16C-D5	2014.542	-5.121
X16C-D5	2014.458	-4.961
X16C-D5	2014.375	-5.116
X16C-D5	2014.292	-4.885
X16C-D5	2014.208	-4.718
X16C-D5	2014.125	-4.727
X16C-D5	2014.042	-4.646
X16C-D5	2013.958	-4.885
X16C-D5	2013.875	-4.947
X16C-D5	2013.792	-4.773
X16C-D5	2013.708	-4.773
X16C-D5	2013.625	-4.845
X16C-D5	2013.542	-4.838
X16C-D5	2013.458	-4.847
X16C-D5	2013.375	-4.79
X16C-D5	2013.292	-4.687
X16C-D5	2013.208	-4.768
X16C-D5	2013.125	-4.684
X16C-D5	2013.042	-4.653
X16C-D5	2012.958	-4.663
X16C-D5	2012.875	-4.748
X16C-D5	2012.792	-4.865
X16C-D5	2012.708	-4.84
X16C-D5	2012.625	-4.865
X16C-D5	2012.542	-4.746
X16C-D5	2012.458	-4.752
X16C-D5	2012.375	-4.848
X16C-D5	2012.292	-4.666
X16C-D5	2012.208	-4.506
X16C-D5	2012.125	-4.586
X16C-D5	2012.042	-4.489
X16C-D5	2011.958	-4.509
X16C-D5	2011.875	-4.611
X16C-D5	2011.792	-4.584
X16C-D5	2011.708	-4.737
X16C-D10	2016.875	-4.99
X16C-D10	2016.792	-4.97
X16C-D10	2016.708	-4.902
X16C-D10	2016.625	-4.988
X16C-D10	2016.542	-5.073
X16C-D10	2016.458	-5.079
X16C-D10	2016.375	-5.216
X16C-D10	2016.292	-5.22
X16C-D10	2016.208	-5.127
X16C-D10	2016.125	-5.208
X16C-D10	2016.042	-5.461
X16C-D10	2015.958	-5.356
X16C-D10	2015.875	-5.616
X16C-D10	2015.792	-5.486
X16C-D10	2015.708	-5.485
X16C-D10	2015.625	-5.394
X16C-D10	2015.542	-5.163
X16C-D10	2015.458	-5.032
X16C-D10	2015.375	-5.13
X16C-D10	2015.292	-5.162
X16C-D10	2015.208	-5.226
X16C-D10	2015.125	-5.132
X16C-D10	2015.042	-5.077
X16C-D10	2014.958	-5.105
X16C-D10	2014.875	-5.298
X16C-D10	2014.792	-5.2
X16C-D10	2014.708	-5.181
X16C-D10	2014.625	-5.278
X16C-D10	2014.542	-5.163
X16C-D10	2014.458	-5.446
X16C-D10	2014.375	-5.375
X16C-D10	2014.292	-5.133
X16C-D10	2014.208	-4.977
X16C-D10	2014.125	-4.98
X16C-D10	2014.042	-4.846
X16C-D10	2013.958	-4.882
X16C-D10	2013.875	-4.987
X16C-D10	2013.792	-5.008
X16C-D10	2013.708	-4.991
X16C-D10	2013.625	-5.11
X16C-D10	2013.542	-5.069
X16C-D10	2013.458	-4.91
X16C-D10	2013.375	-4.975
X16C-D10	2013.292	-5.117
X16C-D10	2013.208	-5.027
X16C-D10	2013.125	-5.126
X16C-D10	2013.042	-4.879
X16C-D10	2012.958	-4.962
X16C-D10	2012.875	-5.085
X16C-D10	2012.792	-5.339
X16C-D10	2012.708	-5.138
X16C-D10	2012.625	-5.455
X16C-D10	2012.542	-5.281
X16C-D10	2012.458	-5.018
X16C-D10	2012.375	-5.039
X16C-D10	2012.292	-4.86
X16C-D10	2012.208	-4.707
X16C-D10	2012.125	-4.626
X16C-D10	2012.042	-4.544
X16C-D10	2011.958	-4.539
X16C-D10	2011.875	-4.547
X16C-D10	2011.792	-4.625
X16C-D10	2011.708	-4.692
X16C-D10	2011.625	-4.719
X16C-D10	2011.542	-4.907
X16C-D10	2011.458	-4.882
X16C-D10	2011.375	-4.837
X16C-D10	2011.292	-4.648
X16C-D10	2011.208	-4.475
X16C-D10	2011.125	-4.46
X16C-D10	2011.042	-4.424
X16C-D10	2010.958	-4.562
X16C-D10	2010.875	-4.545
X16C-D10	2010.792	-4.474
X16C-D10	2010.708	-4.608
X16C-D10	2010.625	-4.668
X16C-D10	2010.542	-4.559
X16C-D10	2010.458	-4.655
X16C-D10	2010.375	-4.646
X16C-D10	2010.292	-4.788
X16C-D10	2010.208	-5.028
X16C-D10	2010.125	-5.019
X16C-D10	2010.042	-5.023
X16C-D10	2009.958	-5.163
X16C-D10	2009.875	-5.004
X16C-D10	2009.792	-5.049
X16C-D10	2009.708	-4.999
X16C-D10	2009.625	-5.078
X16C-D10	2009.542	-5.108
X16C-D10	2009.458	-5.066
X16C-D10	2009.375	-4.777
X16C-D10	2009.292	-4.549
X16C-D10	2009.208	-4.673
X16C-D10	2009.125	-4.538
X16C-D10	2009.042	-4.394
X16C-D10	2008.958	-4.891
X16C-D10	2008.875	-4.737
X16C-D10	2008.792	-4.71
X16C-D10	2008.708	-4.867
X16C-D10	2008.625	-4.788
X16C-D10	2008.542	-5.052
X16C-D10	2008.458	-4.765
X16C-D10	2008.375	-4.56
X16C-D10	2008.292	-4.297
X16C-D10	2008.208	-4.447
X16C-D10	2008.125	-4.219
X16C-D10	2008.042	-4.393
X16C-D10	2007.958	-4.32
X16C-D10	2007.875	-4.37
X16C-D10	2007.792	-4.44
X16C-D10	2007.708	-4.631
X16C-D10	2007.625	-4.72
X16C-D10	2007.542	-4.863
X16C-D10	2007.458	-4.898
X16C-D10	2007.375	-4.8
X16C-D10	2007.292	-4.792
X16C-D10	2007.208	-4.713
X16C-D10	2007.125	-4.743
X16C-D10	2007.042	-4.801
X16C-D10	2006.958	-4.975
X16C-D10	2006.875	-5.062
X16C-D10	2006.792	-5.024
X16C-D10	2006.708	-4.912
X16C-D10	2006.625	-4.908