Rarotonga Coral Based Radiocarbon Data --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center A - for Paleoclimatology --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Rarotonga Coral Radiocarbon LAST UPDATE: 10/2000 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: T. Guilderson (1,2), D. Schrag (2), E. Goddard (2) M. Kashgarian (1), G. Wellington (3), and B. Linsley (4) 1. Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry LLNL, L-397 Livermore CA 94551 2. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 3. Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204 4. Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University at Albany, SUNY Albany NY 12222 IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2000-062 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Guilderson, T.P., et al., 2000, Rarotonga Coral Based Radiocarbon Data, IGBP PAGES/ World Data Center A-Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2000-062. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Guilderson, T.P., D.P. Schrag, E. Goddard, M. Kashgarian, G.M., Wellington, and B.K. Linsley, 2000, Southwest subtropical Pacific surface water radiocarbon in a high-resolution coral record. Radiocarbon, 42 (2), 249-256, 2000. Additional References: Stuiver, M., and H. A. Polach, Discussion and reporting of 14C data, Radiocarbon, 19, 355-363, 1977. Vogel, J. S., J. R. Southon, and D. E. Nelson, Catalyst and binder effects in the use of filamentous graphite for AMS, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect.B, 29, 50-56, 1987. Davis, J. C., et al.., LLNL/UC AMS facility and research program, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 52, 269-272, 1990. Schrag, D.P., Rapid analysis of high-precision Sr/Ca ratios in corals and other marine carbonates, Paleoceanography 14, 97-102,1999. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: subtropical South Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 1950-1997 AD FUNDING SOURCES: (US) NSF, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LIST OF FILES: Readme.Rarotonga.txt (this file), Rarotonga_14c.txt. Variable names CAMS#/DATE/Delta-14C (integer/time/per mil) missing data (NaN) LONGITUDE: 159° 49'W LATITUDE: 21° 14'S WATER DEPTH: Top of coral water depth 18m CORAL SPECIES: Porites lutea CORE LENGTH: 3.7m DATE OF COLLECTION: 03/97 (J. Wellington et al.) DESCRIPTION: Rarotonga coral radiocarbon (14C) timeseries. Coral radiocarbon (Delta-14C) on untreated, low-speed drilled samples. Precision is ±4 per mil as documented by an in-house homogenized coral standard, and presented as AGE CORRECTED DELTA-14C [see Stuiver & Polach, 1977]. The sample cores were made on a Porites lutea coral located in open marine conditions off Rarotonga. Cores were split and cleaned with distilled water. After identifying the major vertical growth axis, the coral was sequentially sampled at 1 mm increments with a low-speed drill. Splits (~1 mg) were reacted in vacuo in a modified autocarbonate device at 90°C and the purified CO2 analyzed on a gas source stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Additional splits were analyzed by ICP-AES for Sr, and Ca. The delta-18O and [Sr/Ca] results were individually mapped to the Kaplan OI and IGOSS sea surface temperature time-series for the grid box containing Rarotonga. The resulting age model indicates an average linear extension rate on the order of 16mm/yr with an estimated age-model error of ±1 month. For the interval 1959-1997, approximately every other sample was analyzed for 14C (~8samples/yr), and for the interval 1950-1959 every sample was analyzed. Splits (~10mg) were placed in individual reaction chambers, evacuated, heated, and then acidified with orthophosphoric acid at 90°C. The evolved CO2 was purified, trapped, and converted to graphite in the presence of cobalt catalyst in individual reactors [Vogel et al., 1987]. Graphite targets were measured at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [Davis et al., 1990]. Radiocarbon results are reported as Delta-14C (”) as defined by Stuiver and Polach [1977] and include the d13C correction obtained from the stable isotope results and are "age corrected". Analytical precision and accuracy of the radiocarbon measurements is ±4” (1s) based on repeated analyses of an in-house homogenized near-modern coral and accepted secondary and tertiary radiocarbon standards. --------------------------------------------------- In keeping with the definition of "high-precision radiocarbon" (<3 per mil, 1-sigma) data have been rounded to zero significant figures. DATA: Rarotonga high-resolution coral-14C. In keeping with the definition of "high-precision radiocarbon" (<3 per mil, 1-sigma) data have been rounded to zero significant figures. These are age-corrected Delta-14C as defined in [Stuiver and Polach, 1977]. The age model for these data was derived from a preliminary delta-13C age model which was then optimized by mapping the delta-18O and concurrent [Sr/Ca] measurements to a local SST record [Kaplan OI SST]. The linear extension rate is ~16mm/yr with an age model precision of ±1month. CAMS# Date Delta-14C 49367 1997.240 98 49422 1997.086 97 49368 1996.933 96 49369 1996.625 100 49370 1996.542 96 49371 1996.458 99 49423 1996.417 102 49372 1996.375 97 49373 1996.292 108 49374 1996.208 108 49375 1996.083 103 49376 1995.958 99 49377 1995.833 100 49378 1995.708 98 49379 1995.565 98 49380 1995.423 95 49381 1995.280 103 49382 1995.146 104 49383 1995.021 101 49384 1994.896 99 49385 1994.771 102 49386 1994.644 90 49387 1994.514 102 49388 1994.384 94 49389 1994.255 90 49390 1994.125 95 49391 1993.931 94 49411 1993.736 110 49412 1993.542 106 49413 1993.438 114 49414 1993.333 115 49415 1993.229 107 49416 1993.125 101 49417 1993.025 104 49418 1992.925 104 49419 1992.825 108 49420 1992.750 113 49421 1992.650 113 49705 1992.556 98 49706 1992.347 111 49707 1992.208 111 49708 1992.014 105 49709 1991.819 102 49710 1991.625 101 49711 1991.521 97 49712 1991.417 105 49713 1991.312 112 49714 1991.208 114 49715 1991.097 104 49716 1990.986 105 49717 1990.875 104 49718 1990.750 111 49719 1990.625 112 49720 1990.458 98 49721 1990.292 101 49722 1990.150 110 49723 1990.032 113 49724 1989.914 111 49725 1989.797 115 49726 1989.679 120 49727 1989.561 115 49728 1989.444 119 49729 1989.326 123 49730 1989.208 114 49731 1989.092 121 49732 1988.975 130 49733 1988.858 118 49734 1988.742 117 49735 1988.625 127 49736 1988.506 125 49737 1988.387 117 49738 1988.268 122 49739 1988.137 116 49740 1987.994 115 49741 1987.851 124 49742 1987.708 127 49743 1987.583 128 49744 1987.458 122 49745 1987.333 133 49746 1987.208 132 49747 1987.108 120 49748 1987.008 120 49749 1986.908 125 49750 1986.808 114 49751 1986.708 127 49752 1986.542 127 49753 1986.375 128 49754 1986.208 126 49755 1986.042 128 50292 1985.875 121 50293 1985.708 131 50294 1985.597 127 50295 1985.486 128 50296 1985.375 125 50297 1985.264 130 50298 1985.144 130 50299 1985.014 122 50300 1984.884 122 50301 1984.755 127 50302 1984.625 140 50303 1984.514 130 50304 1984.403 132 50305 1984.292 126 50306 1984.181 118 50307 1984.069 121 50308 1983.958 127 50309 1983.847 128 50310 1983.736 141 50311 1983.625 135 50312 1983.521 132 50313 1983.417 132 50314 1983.312 129 50315 1983.208 133 50316 1983.008 125 50317 1982.808 140 50318 1982.653 134 50319 1982.542 133 50320 1982.431 127 50321 1982.319 124 50322 1982.208 134 50323 1982.079 136 50324 1981.949 135 50325 1981.819 131 50326 1981.690 141 50327 1981.580 134 50328 1981.489 135 50329 1981.398 134 50442 1981.307 133 50443 1981.216 126 50444 1981.125 127 50445 1981.000 137 50446 1980.875 127 50447 1980.750 133 50448 1980.625 139 50449 1980.521 140 50450 1980.417 141 50451 1980.312 128 50452 1980.208 131 50453 1980.083 140 50454 1979.958 134 50455 1979.833 133 50456 1979.708 126 50457 1979.565 133 50458 1979.423 139 50459 1979.280 138 50460 1979.171 135 50461 1979.097 144 50462 1979.023 133 50463 1978.949 136 50464 1978.875 130 50465 1978.661 138 50466 1978.446 151 50467 1978.232 142 50468 1977.875 131 50469 1977.625 144 50470 1977.521 141 50471 1977.417 141 50472 1977.278 148 50473 1977.146 144 50474 1977.021 152 50475 1976.896 145 50476 1976.771 152 50477 1976.637 148 50478 1976.494 152 50599 1976.351 145 50600 1976.208 156 50601 1976.062 152 50602 1975.917 154 50603 1975.771 145 50604 1975.625 153 50605 1975.506 149 50606 1975.387 153 50607 1975.268 147 50608 1975.125 148 50609 1974.958 157 50610 1974.792 157 50611 1974.625 150 50612 1974.458 142 50613 1974.292 163 50614 1974.137 152 50615 1973.994 144 50616 1973.851 146 50617 1973.708 151 50618 1973.458 157 50619 1973.208 150 50620 1973.089 155 50621 1972.970 157 50622 1972.851 152 50623 1972.681 155 50624 1972.458 152 50625 1972.236 145 50626 1972.069 163 50627 1971.958 151 50628 1971.847 145 50629 1971.736 154 50630 1971.625 144 50631 1971.506 135 50632 1971.387 150 50633 1971.268 150 50634 1971.163 147 50635 1971.074 143 50636 1970.984 143 50637 1970.894 143 50638 1970.804 139 50639 1970.715 132 50640 1970.625 131 50641 1970.458 145 50642 1970.292 143 50643 1970.125 135 50644 1970.021 131 50645 1969.917 125 50646 1969.812 126 50647 1969.708 113 50648 1969.565 124 50649 1969.423 130 50650 1969.280 136 50651 1969.167 123 50652 1969.083 119 50653 1969.000 115 50654 1968.917 114 50655 1968.833 109 50656 1968.694 112 50657 1968.500 118 50658 1968.306 119 50659 1968.153 120 50660 1968.042 109 50661 1967.931 110 50662 1967.819 98 50663 1967.708 101 50664 1967.565 103 51615 1967.423 97 50665 1967.280 109 50666 1967.167 105 50667 1967.083 89 50668 1967.000 89 50669 1966.917 81 50670 1966.833 87 50671 1966.694 82 50672 1966.500 89 50673 1966.306 62 50674 1966.135 62 50675 1965.990 59 50676 1965.844 55 50677 1965.698 53 50678 1965.565 54 50679 1965.446 49 50680 1965.327 57 50681 1965.208 55 50682 1965.075 40 50683 1964.942 45 51616 1964.808 33 51617 1964.675 30 51618 1964.542 30 51619 1964.446 34 51620 1964.351 35 51621 1964.256 23 51622 1964.125 24 51623 1963.958 7 51624 1963.792 11 51625 1963.635 -3 51626 1963.490 6 51627 1963.344 7 51628 1963.198 5 51629 1963.079 0 51630 1962.986 -11 51631 1962.894 -6 51632 1962.801 -9 51633 1962.708 -5 51634 1962.583 -1 51635 1962.458 -7 51636 1962.333 -3 51637 1962.208 -9 51638 1962.042 -9 51639 1961.875 -16 51640 1961.708 -7 51641 1961.542 -11 51642 1961.375 -14 51643 1961.208 -11 51644 1961.079 -15 51645 1960.986 -3 51646 1960.894 -18 51647 1960.801 -18 51648 1960.708 -20 51649 1960.583 -19 51650 1960.458 -27 51651 1960.333 -23 51652 1960.208 -21 51653 1960.125 -28 51654 1959.958 -29 51655 1959.792 -34 51656 1959.625 -17 51657 1959.542 -31 51658 1959.458 -31 51659 1959.375 -31 51954 1959.292 -30 51955 1959.219 -32 51956 1959.146 -38 51957 1959.073 -38 51958 1959.000 -40 51959 1958.927 -44 51960 1958.854 -40 51961 1958.781 -40 51962 1958.708 -41 51963 1958.646 -47 51964 1958.583 -41 51965 1958.521 -37 51966 1958.458 -38 51967 1958.396 -38 51968 1958.333 -38 51969 1958.271 -29 51970 1958.208 -39 51971 1958.137 -44 51972 1958.065 -39 51973 1957.994 -41 51974 1957.923 -49 51975 1957.851 -45 51976 1957.780 -45 51977 1957.708 -48 51978 1957.646 -43 51979 1957.583 -45 51980 1957.521 -46 51981 1957.458 -44 51982 1957.396 -50 51983 1957.333 -48 51984 1957.271 -45 51985 1957.208 -44 51986 1957.158 -43 51987 1957.108 -50 51988 1957.058 -43 51989 1957.008 -46 53602 1956.958 -51 53603 1956.908 -54 53604 1956.858 -44 53605 1956.808 -53 53606 1956.758 -54 53607 1956.708 -56 53608 1956.646 -58 53609 1956.583 -50 53610 1956.521 -53 53611 1956.458 -48 53612 1956.396 -53 53613 1956.333 -57 53614 1956.271 -61 53615 1956.208 -58 53616 1956.146 -61 53617 1956.083 -55 53618 1956.021 -54 53619 1955.958 -59 53620 1955.896 -58 53621 1955.833 -52 53622 1955.771 -52 53623 1955.708 -53 53624 1955.653 -51 53625 1955.597 -58 53626 1955.542 -54 53627 1955.486 -47 53628 1955.431 -57 53629 1955.375 -41 53630 1955.319 -48 53631 1955.264 -47 53632 1955.208 -50 53633 1955.158 -60 53634 1955.108 -56 53635 1955.058 -55 53636 1955.008 -52 53637 1954.958 -58 53638 1954.908 -59 53639 1954.858 -51 53640 1954.808 -51 53641 1954.758 -47 53642 1954.708 -52 54185 1954.625 -46 54186 1954.542 -44 54187 1954.458 -52 54188 1954.375 -51 54189 1954.292 -50 54190 1954.208 -55 54191 1954.125 -49 54192 1954.079 -55 54193 1954.032 -54 54194 1953.986 -47 54195 1953.940 -58 54196 1953.894 -54 54197 1953.847 -54 54198 1953.801 -58 54199 1953.755 -55 54200 1953.708 -54 54201 1953.653 -51 54202 1953.597 -54 54203 1953.542 -52 54204 1953.486 -55 54205 1953.431 -57 54206 1953.375 -61 54207 1953.319 -53 54208 1953.264 -45 54209 1953.208 -54 54210 1953.162 -51 54211 1953.116 -60 54374 1953.116 -57 54212 1953.069 -53 54213 1953.023 -56 54214 1952.977 -60 54215 1952.931 -51 54216 1952.884 -55 54217 1952.838 -51 54218 1952.792 -53 54219 1952.708 -51 54220 1952.625 -48 54369 1952.554 -50 54370 1952.482 -49 54371 1952.411 -44 54372 1952.339 -43 54373 1952.268 -47 54375 1952.196 -51 54376 1952.125 -50 54377 1952.079 -44 54378 1952.032 -44 54379 1951.986 -50 54380 1951.940 -52 54381 1951.894 -53 54382 1951.847 -51 54383 1951.801 -50 54384 1951.755 -51 54385 1951.708 -43 54386 1951.662 -46 54387 1951.616 -51 54388 1951.569 -46 54389 1951.523 -47 54390 1951.490 -45 54391 1951.458 -49 54392 1951.375 -49 54393 1951.292 -52 54394 1951.208 -55 54395 1951.125 -53 54396 1951.063 -51 54397 1951.000 -52 54398 1950.938 -52 54399 1950.875 -53 54400 1950.813 -51 54401 1950.750 -51 54402 1950.688 -52 54403 1950.625 -52 54404 1950.565 -55 54405 1950.506 -52 54406 1950.446 -45 54407 1950.387 -51 54408 1950.327 -47 54409 1950.268 -47 54410 1950.208 -49 54411 1950.167 -45 54412 1950.125 -43 54413 1950.083 -43 54414 1950.042 -49 54415 1950.000 -47