# Galapagos Islands and Great Barrier Reef coral and geochemical data from 1729-2010 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35193 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-35193.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/y68n-1x24 # # Science_Keywords: ocean acidification #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/thompson2021/gw10-5chronology-thompson2021.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Galápagos GW10-5 Monthly Geochemical and Reconstruction Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-06 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-04-07 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Galapagos Islands and Great Barrier Reef coral and geochemical data from 1729-2010 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, Diane M.; McCulloch, Malcolm; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D'Olivo, Juan P.; Dyez, Kelsey; Lofverstrom, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson, H., Vetter, Lael; Edwards, R. Lawrence #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: We leverage geochemical tracers of coral biomineralization–skeletal B/Ca ([CO3-]), d11B (pHcf), and U/Ca ([CO3-])–that constrain the calcifying fluid chemistry, including the aragonite saturation that governs calcification rate (DeCarlo et al., 2018, 2015). We combine these with paleo-environmental tracers that primarily reflect factors external to the coral calcification environment: Sr/Ca (Beck et al., 1992; Corrège et al., 2000), Li/Mg (Hathorne, Felis, et al., 2013; Montagna et al., 2014), and d18O (Weber & Woodhead, 1972; McConnaughey, 1989) (all primarily controlled by SST); Ba/Ca (upwelling, Lea et al., 1989; Shen et al., 1992); and d13C (upwelling, metabolic carbon / photosynthesis, respiration, and reproduction, G. T. Shen et al., 1992). These new recent (1976-2010) and fossil (1729-1733) Galápagos records (Wolf Island, 1o23.15’N, 91o49.90’W) significantly extend the multi-tracer data coverage prior to the industrial era, which allows us to assess the capacity of corals to buffer against changing environmental conditions. We compare our new Galápagos results with published data from the Great Barrier Reef (McCulloch et al., 2017) to contextualize results from the marginal Galápagos reef environment–a comparatively cold, low-saturation, and highly variable environment. # Provided Keywords: boron isotopes, trace elemental geochemistry, ocean acidification, heat stress, ENSO #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, Diane M.; McCulloch, Malcolm; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D'Olivo, Juan P.; Dyez, Kelsey; Lofverstrom, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson, H., Vetter, Lael; Edwards, R. Lawrence # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-02-01 # Published_Title: Marginal reefs under stress: physiological limits render Galápagos corals susceptible to ocean acidification and thermal stress # Journal_Name: AGU Advances # Volume: 3 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021AV000509 # DOI: 10.1029/2021AV000509 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Ocean acidification and thermal stress may undermine corals’ ability to calcify and support diverse reef communities, particularly in marginal environments. Coral calcification depends on aragonite supersaturation (Ω>>1) of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which the skeleton precipitates. Corals actively upregulate pHcf relative to seawater to buffer against changes in temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DICcf), which together control Ωcf. Here we assess the buffering capacity in modern and fossil corals from the Galápagos Islands that have been exposed to sub-optimal conditions, extreme thermal stress, and ocean acidification. We demonstrate a significant decline in pHcf and Ωcf since the pre-industrial era, trends which are exacerbated during extreme warm years. These results suggest that there are likely physiological limits to corals’ pH buffering capacity, and that these constraints render marginal reefs particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: McCulloch, M.T.; D’Olivo, J. P.; Falter, J.; Holcomb, M.; & Trotter, J. A. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017 # Published_Title: Coral calcification in a changing world and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation.  # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 15686 # DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15686 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral calcification is dependent on the mutualistic partnership between endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and the coral host. Here, using newly developed geochemical proxies (d11B and B/Ca), we show that Porites corals from natural reef environments exhibit a close (r2 ~0.9) antithetic relationship between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH of the corals’ calcifying fluid (cf). The highest DICcf (~ × 3.2 seawater) is found during summer, consistent with thermal/light enhancement of metabolically (zooxanthellae) derived carbon, while the highest pHcf (~8.5) occurs in winter during periods of low DICcf (~ × 2 seawater). These opposing changes in DICcf and pHcf are shown to maintain oversaturated but stable levels of carbonate saturation (Ocf ~ × 5 seawater), the key parameter controlling coral calcification. These findings are in marked contrast to artificial experiments and show that pHcf upregulation occurs largely independent of changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, and hence ocean acidification, but is highly vulnerable to thermally induced stress from global warming. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Reed, E.V.; Thompson, D.M.; Cole, J.E.; Lough, J.M; Cantin, N.E.; Cheung, A.H., Tudhope, A.; Vetter, L., Jimenez, G.; and Edward, R.L. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-04-01 # Published_Title: Impacts of coral growth on geochemistry: Lessons from the Galapagos Islands # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: 4 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2020PA004051 # DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004051 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral geochemical climate reconstructions can extend our knowledge of global climate variability and trends over timescales longer than those of instrumental data. However, such reconstructions can be biased by coral growth and skeletal architecture, such as growth troughs, off-axis corallite orientation, and changing growth direction. This study quantifies the impact of skeletal architecture and growth on geochemistry using measurements of coral skeletal density, extension rate, and calcification rate, and uses these metrics to improve paleoclimate reconstructions. We present paired geochemistry-density records at Wolf Island, Galápagos, from three Porites lobata corals: two new paired density and geochemistry records from one fossil coral, and new density data from two previously published modern geochemistry records. We categorize each sampling transect used in this record by the quality of its orientation with respect to skeletal architecture. We observe relationships between geochemistry and density that are not detected using extension or calcification rate alone. These density-geochemistry relationships likely reflect both the response of coral growth to environmental conditions and the non-climatic impact of skeletal architecture on geochemistry in sub-optimal sampling transects. Correlations of density with Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mg/Ca are consistent with the Rayleigh fractionation model of trace element incorporation into coral skeletons. Removing transects with sub-optimal skeletal architecture increases mean reconstructed SST closer to instrumental mean SST, and lowers errors of reconstruction by up to 20%. These results demonstrate the usefulness of coral density data for assessing skeletal architecture and growth when generating coral paleoclimate records. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jimenez, G.; Cole, J.E.; Thompson, D.M.; and Tudhope, A.W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Northern Galápagos Corals Reveal Twentieth Century Warming in the Eastern Tropical Pacific # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 45 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1981-1988 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075323 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Models and observations disagree regarding sea surface temperature (SST) trends in the eastern tropical Pacific. We present a new Sr/Ca-SST record that spans 1940–2010 from two Wolf Island corals (northern Gala´pagos). Trend analysis of the Wolf record shows significant warming on multiple timescales, which is also present in several other records and gridded instrumental products. Together, these data sets suggest that most of the eastern tropical Pacific has warmed over the twentieth century. In contrast, recent decades have been characterized by warming during boreal spring and summer (especially north of the equator), and subtropical cooling during boreal fall and winter (especially south of the equator). These SST trends are consistent with the effects of radiative forcing, mitigated by cooling due to wind forcing during boreal winter, as well as intensified upwelling and a strengthened Equatorial Undercurrent. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cheung, A.H.; Cole, J.E.; Thompson, D.M.; Vetter, L., Jimenez, G.; and Tudhope, A.W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-12-01 # Published_Title: Fidelity of the Coral Sr/Ca Paleothermometer Following Heat Stress in the Northern Galápagos # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021PA004323 # DOI: 10.1029/2021PA004323 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral Sr/Ca records have been widely used to reconstruct and understand past sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific. However, in the eastern equatorial Pacific, coral growth conditions are marginal, and strong El Niño events have led to high mortality, limiting opportunities for coral Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions. In this study, we present two ~25-year Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records measured on modern Porites lobata from Wolf and Darwin Islands in the northern Galápagos. In these records, we confirm the well-established relationship between Sr/Ca and SST and investigate the impact of heat stress on this relationship. We demonstrate a weakened relationship between Sr/Ca and SST after a major (Degree Heating Months 9°C-months) heat stress event during the 1997–1998 El Niño, with a larger response in the Wolf core. However, removing data that covers the 1997–1998 El Niño from calibration does not improve reconstruction statistics. Nevertheless, we find that excluding data after the 1997–1998 El Niño event from the calibration reduces the SST reconstruction error slightly. These results confirm that coral Sr/Ca is a reliable SST proxy in this region, although it can respond adversely to unusual heat stress. We suggest that noise in Sr/Ca-SST calibrations may be reduced by removing data immediately following large heat extremes. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NSF # Grant: 1401326/1829613 and 0957881 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: UK Natural Environment Research Council # Grant: NE/H009957/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: ARC Centre of Excellence # Grant: CE140100020 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Boston University # Grant: Startup funds #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Wolf Island # Location: Galápagos Islands # Northernmost_Latitude: 1.385833 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.385833 # Easternmost_Longitude: -91.831667 # Westernmost_Longitude: -91.831667 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: GW10-5Chronology-Thompson2021 # First_Year: 1729 # Last_Year: 1734 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: # 230Th_Decay_Constant: # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 ppm +/- 2.2 ppm # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Estimated using the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_10e-6 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_10e-6 d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BM age_corr_2s_yr d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # W-5 NaN 2314.6041590957 2.77942756246694 74.2917436034908 2.31041056540306 1481.88184390906 53.9616301244951 147.164872803928 1.85676691268719 2.88477357145561E-03 5.47562128084923E-05 274.547136536471 5.2364643785168 273.732766998169 5.26785956847738 147.278600182713 1.85820309143345 211.732766998169 5.26785956847738 #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Time_int age,,,year Common Era,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,,N, ## Sr/Ca strontium/calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.0194 ## pHcf_press_corr pH,calcifying fluid;delta 11B,,dimensionless,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated;corrected,,N,pressure corrected ## DICcf dissolved inorganic carbon,calcifying fluid,,micromole per kilogram,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Wcf aragonite saturation state,calcifying fluid,,dimensionless,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## d13C delta 13C,Porites lobata,,per mil,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,Porites lobata,,per mil,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## Mg/Ca magnesium/calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.024 ## Ba/Ca barium/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.242 ## U/Ca uranium/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.0092 ## Li/Mg lithium/magnesium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; ; error detail: 0.0325 ## B/Ca boron/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 11.79 ## Sr/Ca-SST sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,,degree Celsius,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N,Sr/Ca-SST calculated using the Jimenez et al. 2018 composite slope (from cores WLF10-10 and WLF10-3) ## Li/Mg-SST sea surface temperature,lithium/magnesium,,degree Celsius,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN Time_int Sr/Ca pHcf_press_corr DICcf Wcf d13C d18O Mg/Ca Ba/Ca U/Ca Li/Mg B/Ca Sr/Ca-SST Li/Mg-SST 1734.1366 9.169 8.611545 4027.7544 17.756418 -1.951489 -4.707094 4.52 2.32 1.09 1.43 504 26.1 27.1 1734.0532 9.197 8.612333 4124.9649 17.863689 -1.97018 -4.676431 4.55 2.36 1.1 1.44 496 25.6 27 1733.9699 9.217667 8.610134 4193.9779 17.848339 -1.943979 -4.64897 4.57 2.41 1.1 1.45 491 25.3 26.9 1733.8866 9.22 8.600468 4192.4969 17.526435 -1.805551 -4.629511 4.58 2.46 1.1 1.46 493 25.2 26.8 1733.8032 9.198333 8.600426 4172.6743 17.703999 -1.74167 -4.569595 4.61 2.45 1.1 1.44 493 25.6 27 1733.7199 9.158667 8.6076 4139.0955 18.256164 -1.7337 -4.479336 4.65 2.38 1.08 1.4 490 26.3 27.6 1733.6366 9.1475 8.590555 4174.2564 18.030172 -1.628249 -4.597887 4.66 2.35 1.08 1.41 487 26.5 27.5 1733.5532 9.142167 8.570519 4240.6156 17.771763 -1.53954 -4.70423 4.66 2.34 1.07 1.41 482 26.6 27.4 1733.4699 9.143333 8.556765 4425.425 18.097015 -1.648765 -4.528509 4.7 2.4 1.07 1.35 465 26.6 28.3 1733.3866 9.138 8.544895 4499.3837 18.107296 -1.702258 -4.556706 4.69 2.43 1.06 1.34 458 26.7 28.5 1733.3032 9.124 8.535534 4425.5417 17.697617 -1.681442 -4.856794 4.62 2.41 1.07 1.4 465 26.9 27.6 1733.2199 9.136154 8.546267 4376.6128 17.6754 -1.749043 -4.896658 4.52 2.38 1.09 1.43 470 26.7 27.2 1733.1366 9.158769 8.565036 4337.6493 17.808167 -1.852011 -4.832433 4.41 2.36 1.11 1.45 474 26.3 26.9 1733.0532 9.195 8.580781 4227.1395 17.386833 -1.770607 -4.728819 4.35 2.34 1.13 1.5 490 25.7 26.2 1732.9699 9.2335 8.596023 4104.7053 16.873148 -1.658474 -4.618641 4.29 2.32 1.14 1.56 507 25 25.4 1732.8866 9.261286 8.616115 4048.7052 16.892911 -1.642299 -4.620695 4.26 2.33 1.16 1.57 514 24.5 25.3 1732.8032 9.287286 8.637015 4003.7776 17.001583 -1.642116 -4.641455 4.23 2.35 1.17 1.56 520 24 25.4 1732.7199 9.310714 8.643872 3972.6127 16.798135 -1.609047 -4.488893 4.22 2.53 1.18 1.57 526 23.6 25.3 1732.6366 9.333714 8.648388 3943.7416 16.542666 -1.570497 -4.307443 4.22 2.73 1.19 1.57 532 23.2 25.2 1732.5532 9.292429 8.61908 4109.8984 16.858015 -1.639229 -4.226069 4.36 2.86 1.17 1.52 511 24 25.9 1732.4699 9.240429 8.584134 4308.5599 17.2685 -1.72584 -4.161374 4.52 2.97 1.14 1.46 486 24.9 26.7 1732.3866 9.151571 8.542387 4475.718 17.762546 -1.666632 -4.236382 4.69 2.79 1.09 1.38 463 26.4 27.9 1732.3032 9.056571 8.499506 4637.6255 18.270518 -1.583119 -4.334674 4.86 2.55 1.04 1.29 440 28.1 29.2 1732.2199 9.064818 8.491762 4628.5591 17.894122 -1.598565 -4.581649 4.78 2.53 1.05 1.31 443 28 28.9 1732.1366 9.090273 8.489875 4590.997 17.37033 -1.630504 -4.853403 4.67 2.54 1.08 1.35 450 27.5 28.4 1732.0532 9.11625 8.504637 4539.829 17.297938 -1.641354 -4.91228 4.6 2.59 1.1 1.38 457 27 27.9 1731.9699 9.1425 8.528086 4481.5621 17.46106 -1.641201 -4.860091 4.55 2.65 1.12 1.42 463 26.6 27.3 1731.8866 9.169071 8.545938 4436.9091 17.504594 -1.61459 -4.797386 4.5 2.69 1.14 1.45 468 26.1 26.9 1731.8032 9.196571 8.547624 4431.5848 17.202653 -1.51154 -4.704302 4.46 2.66 1.16 1.48 472 25.6 26.5 1731.7199 9.224071 8.549309 4426.2605 16.900712 -1.40849 -4.611219 4.41 2.64 1.17 1.5 476 25.2 26.1 1731.6366 9.213357 8.534448 4500.2884 16.863454 -1.544678 -4.603336 4.5 2.62 1.15 1.47 469 25.3 26.5 1731.5532 9.196274 8.516828 4587.5416 16.87031 -1.720739 -4.609654 4.61 2.62 1.13 1.44 461 25.6 27 1731.4699 9.171571 8.486739 4725.6876 16.754811 -1.822036 -4.609041 4.7 2.69 1.11 1.41 448 26.1 27.4 1731.3866 9.137821 8.441842 4924.2688 16.494016 -1.834552 -4.600196 4.77 2.88 1.1 1.4 431 26.7 27.6 1731.3032 9.108324 8.398834 5129.5414 16.253965 -1.854395 -4.595825 4.83 3.12 1.09 1.39 414 27.2 27.8 1731.2199 9.149002 8.386992 5445.2224 16.356193 -1.995123 -4.665276 4.69 4.28 1.13 1.37 397 26.5 28 1731.1366 9.169 8.385581 5635.3208 16.657248 -2.099621 -4.790505 4.54 4.66 1.16 1.36 385 26.1 28.2 1731.0532 9.1745 8.418772 5511.155 17.249243 -2.039066 -4.989389 4.38 3.57 1.19 1.4 391 26 27.6 1730.9699 9.285833 8.485847 5272.8308 17.204431 -1.684191 -4.966308 4.15 3.38 1.26 1.53 415 24.1 25.8 1730.8866 9.364714 8.506432 5138.2344 16.432991 -1.378799 -4.635718 4.11 2.95 1.3 1.62 433 22.7 24.7 1730.8032 9.331714 8.525924 4884.4221 16.573782 -1.328684 -4.51612 4.09 2.97 1.3 1.62 448 23.3 24.7 1730.7199 9.322179 8.605436 4368.7052 17.145505 -1.035096 -4.478342 4.11 2.81 1.28 1.6 487 23.4 24.8 1730.6366 9.308429 8.623859 4200.4362 17.195472 -1.017211 -4.387012 4.2 2.72 1.22 1.56 501 23.7 25.4 1730.5532 9.309214 8.623748 4172.3755 17.069727 -1.450485 -4.352751 4.29 2.73 1.18 1.52 504 23.7 26 1730.4699 9.236095 8.580897 4353.8623 17.402775 -1.730871 -4.403306 4.47 3.16 1.12 1.43 481 24.9 27.2 1730.3866 9.130536 8.518652 4662.2488 18.012435 -1.962493 -4.476689 4.7 3.82 1.07 1.33 445 26.8 28.7 1730.3032 9.075833 8.473487 5028.4618 18.656332 -2.222655 -4.641735 4.89 4.67 1.04 1.26 412 27.8 29.8 1730.2199 9.076662 8.473588 5157.694 19.130148 -2.347191 -4.846274 4.92 4.9 1.04 1.24 401 27.7 30.1 1730.1366 9.095571 8.514145 4897.5601 19.254155 -2.294074 -4.955694 4.73 4 1.06 1.28 420 27.4 29.5 1730.0532 9.175571 8.548772 4715.1689 18.607278 -2.043084 -5.021063 4.51 3.51 1.11 1.38 441 26 27.9 1729.9699 9.254357 8.596149 4509.2746 18.261633 -1.750754 -4.805749 4.34 3.29 1.15 1.45 464 24.6 26.9 1729.8866 9.324214 8.648957 4294.3744 18.14324 -1.450228 -4.444049 4.21 3.25 1.19 1.5 487 23.4 26.2 1729.8032 9.326214 8.678275 4131.1578 18.294327 -1.304312 -4.375944 4.24 3.19 1.19 1.5 501 23.4 26.1 1729.7199 9.314452 8.684939 4103.7673 18.52614 -1.100514 -4.353714 4.29 3.19 1.17 1.48 502 23.6 26.5 1729.6366 9.2985 8.671573 4221.1142 18.810016 -0.874241 -4.37221 4.34 3.43 1.16 1.44 489 23.9 27 1729.5532 9.321833 8.61343 4812.2107 19.092448 -0.772776 -4.482731 4.35 5.29 1.16 1.44 443 23.4 27 1729.4699 9.331 8.576526 5074.0421 18.849589 -0.864633 -4.580568 4.31 5.79 1.15 1.44 424 23.3 27.1 1729.3866 9.329429 8.562727 5074.2957 18.40319 -1.059551 -4.667887 4.25 5.34 1.13 1.44 426 23.3 27.1 1729.3032 9.314762 8.626951 4670.1838 19.093067 -1.070899 -4.735952 4.26 4.35 1.12 1.44 452 23.6 26.9